A Comparative Analysis of Pre-Trial Procedure in Europe: The Search for an Ideal Model

EnglishTürkçe

CHAPTER


DOI :10.26650/B/SS26.2020.014.07   IUP :10.26650/B/SS26.2020.014.07    Full Text (PDF)

The Pre-trial Procedure in Republic of North Macedonia

Gordana Lažetıć, Gordan Kalajdziev, Boban Mısoskı, Divna Ilıć Dımoskı

The chapter is focused on different aspects of the concept of pre-trial procedure that encompasses preinvestigative and investigative procedure in North Macedonia. The previous concept of the criminal procedure was based on inquisitorial elements, hence the investigative judge has been part of the investigative procedure. However, research indicates that the investigative judge in practice almost never found new evidence. His role was simply to formally record evidence collected by the police and proposed by the prosecutor. This had a negative impact on the main hearing, as in practice it became a simple duplication of the investigation, instead of being a proper testing phase for the examination of the previously collected evidence. Moreover, the investigative judge accepted almost all of the requests for investigation filed by the public prosecutors, without critically assessing them. Due to these conclusions, as well as having in mind comparative trends and experiences, a new Law on Criminal Procedure was enacted in 2010. The Law delivered a totally new concept of the criminal procedure in North Macedonia, with special emphasis on pre-trial procedure. Namely, the investigative judge was abolished, while the public prosecutor is stipulated as dominus litis of the pre-trial procedure, with the help of the judicial police. Accordingly, the judge of pre-trial procedure was introduced, as guarantor of the rights and freedoms of the suspect. It is important to underline that the judge of pre-trial procedure is not merely a substitute to the investigative judge, but it is a completely new figure of pre-trial procedure, with distinctive duties. The authors will elaborate on the limits and the aim of the investigation stage of pre-trial procedure, together with the most important issues regarding defence rights. As a basic standard to be achieved, the authors use the latest EU directives which regulates the rights of the suspect, as well as the ECtHR standards, and the best practices in the law and practice of the states used as a model for the reform. Specifically, the chapter focuses on the evidentiary value of the statements made during the investigative stage in the further procedure.


Keywords: Pre-trial procedure, investigation, public prosecutor, suspect, evidence, defense, detention, injured party, Republic of North Macedonia

References

  • Berisav Pavišić, ‘Europski sustavi kaznene istrage na početku trećeg milenija’ in Zbornik na trudovi na Pravnite fakulteti vo Skopje i Zagreb (PF Zagreb/ PF Skopje 2007). google scholar
  • Berisav Pavišić, ‘Pogled na prethodni postupak u europskom kaznenom pravu’ in Suzbijanje kriminaliteta (2004). google scholar
  • Božidarka Dodik, Prosecutorial Investigation – the Experiences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, New Trends in Serbia’s Criminal Procedure in a Regional Context (Normative and Practical Aspects) (OSCE Mission to Serbia, Belgrade, 2012). google scholar
  • Davor Krapac, ‘Suvremeni prethodni krivični postupak – nastanak i glavne značajke’ [1989] 2-3 NZ 287. google scholar
  • Dragan Novosel, ‘Prijedlozi i predložena rješenja o istrazi i posebnim istražnim radnjama u nacrtu Zakona o kaznenom postupku Republike Hrvatske i tekstu prednacrta Zakona o kaznenom postupku Republike Makedonije’ [2008] 15(2-3) МРКПК. google scholar
  • Drago Radulović, ‘The concept of investigation in criminal proceedings in the light of the new criminal procedure legislation’ in New Trends in Serbia’s Criminal Procedure in a Regional Context (Normative and Practical Aspects) (OSCE Mission to Serbia 2012). google scholar
  • Ed Cape, Zaza Namoradze (eds.), Effective Criminal Defense in Eastern Europe (2012). google scholar
  • Ed Cape, Zaza Namoradze, Robert Smith, Taru Spronken, Effective Criminal Defense in Europe (Antwerp: Intersentia, 2010). google scholar
  • Elizabeta Ivičević Karas, ‘Dokazna snaga rezultata istrage prema Prijedlogu novele Zakona o kaznenom postupku’ [2013] 2 HLjKPP 691. google scholar
  • Gordan Kalajdziev, ‘Bitnije dileme i razlike u reformi istrage u državama bivše Jugoslavije’ in Zborniku radova: Kriminalističko-krivično procesne karakteristike istrage prema Zakonu o krivičnom postupku u prošloj deceniji 5 (1) (2012). google scholar
  • Gordan Kalajdziev, ‘Pravo na siromashnite na branitel’ in Zbornik na Pravniot fakultet „Justinijan Prvi“ Skopje, PF 2013). google scholar
  • Gordan Kalajdziev, Maja Konevska, Application of Special Investigative Measures and Use of Evidence Collected in this Manner in Trial in the Republic of Macedonia (OSCE Skopje, 2013). google scholar
  • Gordan Kalajdziev, On Fight against Organized Crime and the Rule of Law (FIOOM, Skopje 2012). google scholar
  • Gordan Kalajdziev, ‘Poznachajni koncepciski razliki vo reformata na istragata vo Hrvatska i Makedonija’ in Zbornik na trudovi na Pravnite fakulteti vo Skopje i Zagreb (PF Skopje/PF Zagreb 2010). google scholar
  • Gordan Kalajdziev, Gordana Lazhetikj, Lidija Nedelkova, Maja Denkovska, Meri Trombeva, Todor Vitlarov, Pavlina Jankulovska, Deljo Kadiev, Komentar na Zakonot za krivichnata postapka (OSCE, 2018) google scholar
  • Gordan Kalajdziev, Divna Ilikj , ‘Formiranje, organizacija i funkcioniranje na pravosudnata policija i istrazhnite centri na javnoto obvinitelstvo ’ [2009] 2 MRKPK 121. google scholar
  • Gordan Kalajdziev, Pravichna postapka, PhD dissertation defended at the Faculty of Law in Skopje, (2004). google scholar
  • Gordan Kalajdziev, Trpe Stojanovski, Sande Zikov, ‘Novite odnosi megju policijata, javnoto obvinitelstvoto i sudot vo prethodnata postapka’ [2008] 1 MRKPK. google scholar
  • Gordan Kalajdziev, ‘Zamki i zabludi na reformata na istragata’ in Zbornik na trudovi na Pravnite fakulteti vo Skopje i Zagreb (PF Skopje/PF Zagreb 2009). google scholar
  • Gordana Lazhetikj – Buzharovska, Gordan Kalajdziev, Boban Misoski, Divna Ilikj Dimoski, Kazneno procesno pravo, (2014). google scholar
  • Gordana Lazhetikj – Buzharovska, Gordan Kalajdziev, Boban Misoski, Divna Ilikj Dimoski, Kazneno procesno pravo – uchebno pomagalo (Praven fakultet „Justinijan Prvi“ – Skopje, 2015). google scholar
  • Gordana Lazhetikj – Buzharovska,, Margarita Caca Nikolovska, Agim Miftari, Jani Nicha Priracnik za primena na merkata pritvor, (Zdruzhenie na sudii i OBSE 2009). google scholar
  • Gordana Lazhetikj – Buzharovska, Slavica Andreevska, Aleksandar Tumanovski, Primena na merkata pritvor spored ZKP od 2010 godina – pravna analiza, (Zdruzhenie za krivichno pravo i kriminologija i OBSE, 2015). google scholar
  • Davor Krapac, ‘Reforma mješoviotg kaznenog postupka: potpuna zamjena procesnog modela ili preinaka prethodnog postupka u stranački oblikovano postupanje?’ in Zbornik na trudovi na Pravniot fakultet „Justinijan Prvi“ Skopje i Pravniot fakultet vo Zagreb vo chest na prof. d-r Franjo Bachikj (PF Zagreb/ PF Skopje 2007). google scholar
  • Davor Krapac, Vlado Kambovski, Gordana Buzharovska, Gordan Kalajdziev, Strategija za reforma na kaznenoto pravo na R. Makedonija (Ministerstvo za pravda, 2007). google scholar
  • Divna Ilikj, ‘Pravoto na obvinetiot da bide izvesten za obvinenijata protiv nego i noviot model na istrazhna postapka’, Zbornik vo chest na prof. d-r Nikola Matovski (PF, Skopje 2011). google scholar
  • Joachim Herrmann, ‘Models for the reform of Criminal Procedure in Eastern Europe’ in E. Wise (ed.), Essays in Honor of G. Müeller (1994). google scholar
  • Joachim Herrmann, ‘Reforma na prethodnata postapka vo sporedbenoto pravo’ [2008] 1 MRKPK. google scholar
  • John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1971). google scholar
  • Jörg-Martin Jehle, Marianne Wade, (eds.), Coping with Overloaded Criminal Justice Systems- The Rise of Prosecutorial Power across Europe (Göttingen 2005). google scholar
  • Јosip Pavliček, ‘Uloga istražitelja u kaznenom postupku’ [2009] 16(2) HLjKPP 895. google scholar
  • Laura Valković, ‘Procesna prava odbrane prema V. Noveli Zakona o kaznenom postupku’ [2013] 2 HLjKPP 521. google scholar
  • Mirjan Damaška, ‘O miješanju inkvizitornih i akuzatornih procesnih formi’ [1997] 2 HLjKPP 381. google scholar
  • Mirjan Damaška, ‘O nekim učincima stranački oblikovanog pripremnog postupka’ [2007] 14(1) HLjKPP 3. google scholar
  • Mirjan Damaška, The Faces of Justice and State Authority (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press1986). google scholar
  • Momčilo Grubač, ‘Kritika predloga “novog” Zakonika o krivičnom postupku’ in Dobrivoje Radovanović (ed), Novo kazneno zakonodavstvo–dileme i problemi u teoriji i praksi (IKSI VŠUP 2006). google scholar
  • Muirelle Dеlmas-Marty, John Spencer (eds.), European Criminal Procedures (Cambridge University Press, 2002). google scholar
  • Momchilo Grubach, ‘Treba li sudsku istragu zameniti nesudskom’ in Zbornik trudovi na Pravniot fakultet „Justinijan Prvi“ (PF 2007). google scholar
  • Nikola Matovski, Gordan Kalajdziev, ‘Efficiency of Prosecutorial Investigation in Contrast to Efficiency of the Defense in Reformed Criminal Procedure (with a particular view of the new Macedonian CPC)’ in Ivan Jovanović and Ana Petrović-Jovanović (eds), Prosecutorial investigation regional criminal procedure legislation and experiences in application (OSCE 2014). google scholar
  • Nikola Matovski, Gordana Buzharovska, Gordan Kalajdziev, Kazneno procesno pravo (Akademik 2011). google scholar
  • Stanko Bejatović, ‘Novi zakonik o krivičnom postupku i uspešnost borbe protiv kriminaliteta’ (2007) 7(8) PI <http://www.informator.rs/sadr%C5%BEaj-jul-avgust-2007.html> accessed 10 January 2020. google scholar
  • Stefan Trechsel, Human Rights in Criminal Proceedings (OUP 2005). google scholar
  • Tadija Bubalović, The Principle of Equality of Arms in the Context of the Right to Defense (Regional Comparative review) in New Trends in Serbia’s Criminal Procedure in a Regional Context (Normative and Practical Aspects) (OSCE Mission to Serbia, Belgrade, 2012). google scholar
  • Višnja Drenški Lasan, Jasna Novak, Laura Valković, ‘Pravni i praktični problemi dobre obrane okrivljenika’ [2009] 2 HLjKPP 521. google scholar
  • Zlata Đurđević, ‘Osvrt na rezultate rada radne skupine Ministarstva pravosuđa za usklađivanje Zakona о kaznenom postupku s Ustavom Republike Hrvatske’ [2013] 1 HLjKPP 3. google scholar
  • Zlata Đurđević, ‘Rekonstrukcija, judicizacija, konstitucionalizacija, europeizacija hrvatskog kaznenog postupka V. Novelom ZKP/08: prvi dio?’ [2013] 2 HLjKPP 313. google scholar
  • Zlata Đurđević, ‘Sudska kontrola državnoodvjetničkog kaznenog progona i istrage: poredbenopravni i ustavni aspekt’ [2010] 17(1) HLjKPP 7. google scholar
  • Zlata Đurđević, ‘Suvremeni razvoj hrvatskoga kaznenog procesnog prava, s posebnim osvrtom na Novelu iz 2011’ [2011] 2 HLjKPP 311. google scholar


SHARE




Istanbul University Press aims to contribute to the dissemination of ever growing scientific knowledge through publication of high quality scientific journals and books in accordance with the international publishing standards and ethics. Istanbul University Press follows an open access, non-commercial, scholarly publishing.