Covid-19: Molecular and Clinical Approach

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DOI :10.26650/BB/CH22.2020.008.25   IUP :10.26650/BB/CH22.2020.008.25    Full Text (PDF)

Chemosensory Involvement of SARS-CoV-2

Nurcan Orhan, Gökçer Eskikurt, Tuğba Hacıosmanoğlu, İbrahim Sayın

The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic differs from other respiratory tract infections with its high chemosensory involvement. Reported series that used objective and subjective chemosensory assessment methods proved that taste and smell impairment showed different clinical courses with high incidence. Taste and smell impairment is now regarded as one of the main screening symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 by both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization. Experimental studies which aim to understand the underlying mechanisms have just begun. The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and tissues are mostly based on tissues angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) expression. For now, the available data has shown that chemosensory involvement is a result of non-neural type cell involvement such as stem cells, support cells, epithelial cells, etc. The olfactory epithelium is not likely to serve as a route for central dissemination. Although long-term results are missing, reported clinical studies indicated that chemosensory involvement tends to resolve early and spontaneously. Besides, no specific treatment option exist for COVID-19 related chemosensory involvement. Understanding the chemosensory involvement in SARS-CoV-2 might be useful to illuminate the virus dynamics, develop targeted treatments and might allow early detection and asymptomatic case detection.


Keywords: COVID-19, chemosensory, taste, smell, ACE2
DOI :10.26650/BB/CH22.2020.008.25   IUP :10.26650/BB/CH22.2020.008.25    Full Text (PDF)

SARS-CoV-2’de Kemosensöryel Etkilenme

Nurcan Orhan, Gökçer Eskikurt, Tuğba Hacıosmanoğlu, İbrahim Sayın

Mevcut SARS-CoV-2 küresel salgını, diğer gribal enfeksiyonlardan, yüksek kemosensöryel tutulum ile klinik olarak farklılık göstemektedir. Bugüne kadar COVID-19 seyri sırasında ortaya çıkan kemosensöryel etkilenme üzerine objektif ve subjektif yöntemlerle yapılan çalışmalar tat ve koku etkilenmesinin değişken klinik seyir gösterdiğini ve yüksek bir insidansa sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Tat ve koku bozukluğu şimdilerde hem Hastalık Kontrol ve Korunma Merkezleri hem de Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından SARS-CoV-2 için ana tarama semptomlarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Altta yatan mekanizmaları anlamaya yönelik deneysel çalışmalara yeni başlanmıştır. SARS-CoV-2 ve dokular arasındaki etkileşim, çoğunlukla anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim-2 (ACE2) ve transmembran proteaz serin-2 (TMPRSS2) ekspresyonuna dayanmaktadır. Şu anda mevcut veriler, oluşan kemonsensoryel etkilenmenin nöral tutulumdan çok; kök hücreler, destek hücreleri, epitel hücreleri gibi nöral olmayan hücre yapılarının tutulumunun bir sonucu olduğunu göstermektedir. Koku alma epitelinin merkezi yayılım için bir yol olmadığı düşünülmektedir. Uzun dönem çalışmalar henüz mevcut olmasa da oluşan kemosensöryel etkilenmenin erken ve kendiliğinden düzeldiği görülmektedir. Ayrıca henüz COVID-19 seyrinde oluşan kemosensöryel etkilenme için spesifik bir tedavi bulunmamaktadır. SARS-CoV-2 seyrinde oluşan kemosensöryel tutulumun anlaşılmasında, virüs dinamiklerini anlamada, hedefe yönelik tedaviler geliştirmede, erken teşhis ve asemptomatik vakaların tespitinde yardımcı olabilir.


Keywords: COVID-19, kemosensöryel, tat, koku, ACE2

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