CHAPTER


DOI :10.26650/BB/CH22.2020.008.09   IUP :10.26650/BB/CH22.2020.008.09    Full Text (PDF)

Women’s Health and COVID-19

Zeynep Ece Utkan KorunErkut Attar

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has spread rapidly all over the world, causing considerable mortality and morbidity. It has become a pandemic with a total of 15.000.000 cases and 620.000 deaths worldwide as of July 2020. In this period, guidelines have been created in gynecology, as in many other areas, to ensure safe access to health services and to use resources responsibly. During the outbreak, digital technologies have become surrogates of in-person visits in certain situations. In this review, suggestions to guide the gynecological practice during COVID-19 pandemic are summarized. Triage is mandatory for all patients admitted to the gynecology outpatient clinic. Patients can be counseled through teleconference about contraception, urogynecological problems, or postoperative follow-up in certain situations. In emergency situations, all patients with stable vital signs should be screened for COVID-19 initially. When the intervention cannot be postponed until the test results, it should be managed assuming the test is positive. Situations, where a face-to-face meeting is critical in ensuring accurate diagnosis and treatment, continue inevitably. It is imperative to continue preventive measures until an effective treatment or vaccine against COVID-19 is found. The fight against the pandemic can be efficient only if the guidelines can be dynamically adapted based on ever-increasing new data.


DOI :10.26650/BB/CH22.2020.008.09   IUP :10.26650/BB/CH22.2020.008.09    Full Text (PDF)

Kadın Sağlığı ve COVID-19

Zeynep Ece Utkan KorunErkut Attar

SARS-CoV-2 virüsünün neden olduğu COVID-19, tüm dünyada hızla yayılarak önemli ölçüde morbidite ve mortaliteye neden olmuştur. 2020 yılı Temmuz ayı itibarıyle, dünya çapında toplam 15.000.000 vaka ve 620.000 ölüm bildirilmiş ve küresel salgın halini almıştır. Bu dönemde, diğer birçok alanda olduğu gibi jinekolojide de sağlık hizmetlerine güvenli erişim sağlamak ve kaynakları doğru kullanmak için rehberler oluşturulmuştur. Salgın sırasında, digital teknolojiler belli noktalarda yüz yüze görüşmenin yerini almaktadır. Bu derlemede, COVID-19 salgını sırasında jinekolojik uygulamaya rehberlik edecek öneriler özetlenmiştir. Jinekoloji polikliniğine ayaktan başvuran tüm hastalar için triyaj yapılması zorunludur. Hastalara kontrasepsiyon, ürojinekolojik sorunlar ya da belirli durumlarda postoperatif dönemdeki takipler hakkında telekonferans yoluyla bilgi verilebilir. Acil durumlarda, vital bulguları stabil olan tüm hastalara öncelikle COVID-19 taraması yapılmalıdır. COVID-19 tarama testi sonuçlanana kadar müdahalenin ertelenemediği durumlarda, COVID-19 tarama testinin pozitif olduğu varsayılarak işlem yapılmalıdır. Doğru teşhis ve tedavinin sağlanmasında yüz yüze görüşmenin kritik olduğu durumlar kaçınılmaz olarak devam etmektedir. COVID-19’a karşı etkili bir tedavi ya da aşı bulunana kadar önleyici tedbirlere devam etmek zorunludur. Küresel salgına karşı mücadele, ancak rehberlerin elde edilen verilere göre dinamik olarak düzenlenmesi durumunda başarılı olacaktır.



References

  • 1. World Health Organization Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. [cited 2020 Jul 30]. Available from: https://covid19.who.int google scholar
  • 2. Qiu L, Morse A, Di W, Song L, Kong B et al. Management of gynecology patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Experts from the Chinese Obstetricians and Gynecologists Association Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Jul; 223(1): 3-8. google scholar
  • 3. Nanda K, Lebetkin E, Steiner MJ, Yacobson I, Dorflinger LJ. Contraception in the Era of COVID-19. Glob Heal Sci Pract. 2020; 8(2): 166-8. google scholar
  • 4. Ferreira-Filho ES, de Melo NR, Sorpreso ICE, Bahamondes L, Simões RDS, Soares-Júnior JM, et al. Contraception and reproductive planning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2020; 13(6): 615-22. google scholar
  • 5. Ti AJ, Roe AH, Whitehouse KC, Smith RA, Gaffield ME, Curtis KM. Effectiveness and safety of extending intrauterine device duration: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 223(1): 24-35.e3. google scholar
  • 6. Ramírez I, De la Viuda E, Baquedano L, Coronado P, Llaneza P, Mendoza N, et al. Managing thromboembolic risk with menopausal hormone therapy and hormonal contraception in the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations from the Spanish Menopause Society, Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia and Sociedad Española de Trombosis y Hemos. Maturitas. 2020; 137: 57-62. google scholar
  • 7. Paschou SA, Goulis DG, Lambrinoudaki I, Papanas N. Menopausal hormone therapy for women with obesity in the era of COVID-19. Case Reports Women’s Health. 2020; 27: e00233. doi: 10.1016/j.crwh.2020.e00233 google scholar
  • 8. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. American Society for Reproductive Medicine Patient Management and Clinical Recommendations during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Update #4 (May 11, 2020 through June 8, 2020). Available from:https://www.asrm.org/globalassets/asrm/asrm-content/newsand-publications/covid-19/covidtaskforceupdate4.pdf google scholar
  • 9. Requena A, Cruz M, Vergara V, Prados N, Galliano D, Pellicer A. A picture of the covid-19 impact on IVIRMA fertility treatment clinics in Spain and Italy. Reprod Biomed Online. 2020; 41(1): 1-5. google scholar
  • 10. ESHRE news and statements. Assisted Reproduction and Covid-19. An updated statement from ESHRE. Available from: https://www.eshre.eu/ Press-Room/ESHRE-News#COVID19_April2. google scholar
  • 11. Grimes CL, Balk EM, Crisp CC, Antosh DD, Murphy M, Halder GE, et al. A guide for urogynecologic patient care utilizing telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: review of existing evidence. Int Urogynecol J. 2020; 31(6): 1063-89. google scholar
  • 12. MacFadden DR, Ridgway JP, Robicsek A, Elligsen M, Daneman N. Predictive Utility of Prior Positive Urine Cultures. Clin Infect Dis. 2014; 59(9): 1265-71. google scholar
  • 13. Vellinga A, Cormican M, Hanahoe B, Murphy AW. Predictive value of antimicrobial susceptibility from previous urinary tract infection in the treatment of re-infection. Br J Gen Pract. 2010; 60(576): 511-3. google scholar
  • 14. Hsueh P-R, Hoban DJ, Carmeli Y, Chen S-Y, Desikan S, Alejandria M, et al. Consensus review of the epidemiology and appropriate antimicrobial therapy of complicated urinary tract infections in Asia-Pacific region. J Infect. 2011; 63(2): 114-23. google scholar
  • 15. Bader MS, Hawboldt J, Brooks A. Management of complicated urinary tract infections in the era of antimicrobial resistance. Postgrad Med. 2010; 122(6): 7-15. google scholar
  • 16. Balk E, Adam GP, Kimmel H, Rofeberg V, Saeed I, Jeppson P, et al. Nonsurgical treatments for urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review update. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2018 Aug. (Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 212.) Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/books/NBK53 google scholar
  • 17. Manchana T. Ring pessary for all pelvic organ prolapse. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2011; 284(2): 391-5. google scholar
  • 18. Miceli A, Fernández-Sánchez M, Polo-Padillo J, Dueñas-Díez J-L. Is it safe and effective to maintain the vaginal pessary without removing it for 2 consecutive years? Int Urogynecol J. 2020. doi: 10.1007/s00192-020-04240-5 google scholar
  • 19. Thys SD, Hakvoort RA, Asseler J, Milani AL, Vollebregt A, Roovers JP. Effect of pessary cleaning and optimal time interval for follow-up: a prospective cohort study. Int Urogynecol J. 2020; 31(8): 1567-74. google scholar
  • 20. Bradley CS, Zimmerman MB, Qi Y, Nygaard IE. Natural history of pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol. 2007; 109(4): 848-54. 90 Women’s Health and COVID-19 google scholar
  • 21. Gilchrist AS, Campbell W, Steele H, Brazell H, Foote J, Swift S. Outcomes of observation as therapy for pelvic organ prolapse: a study in the natural history of pelvic organ prolapse. Neurourol Urodyn. 2013; 32(4): 383-6. google scholar
  • 22. Dumoulin C, Hunter KF, Moore K, Bradley CS, Burgio KL, Hagen S, et al. Conservative management for female urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse review 2013: Summary of the 5th International Consultation on Incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 2016; 35(1): 15-20. google scholar
  • 23. Bogani G, Brusadelli C, Guerrisi R, Lopez S, Signorelli M, Ditto A, et al. Gynecologic oncology at the time of COVID-19 outbreak. J Gynecol Oncol. 2020; 31(4): e72. doi: 10.3802/jgo.2020.31.e72 google scholar
  • 24. Bogani G, Ditto A, Martinelli F, Mosca L, Chiappa V, Rossetti D, et al. LASER treatment for women with highgrade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: A propensity-matched analysis on the efficacy of ablative versus excisional procedures. Lasers Surg Med. 2018; 50(9): 933-9. google scholar
  • 25. Chiofalo B, Baiocco E, Mancini E, Vocaturo G, Cutillo G, Vincenzoni C, et al. Practical recommendations for gynecologic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2020; 150: 146-50. google scholar
  • 26. Wang Y, Zhang S, Wei L, Lin Z, Wang X, Wang J, et al. Recommendations on management of gynecological malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives from Chinese gynecological oncologists. J Gynecol Oncol. 2020; 31(4): e68. doi:10.3802/jgo.2020.31.e68 google scholar
  • 27. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 507-13. google scholar
  • 28. Brücher BLDM, Nigri G, Tinelli A, Lapena JFF, Espin-Basany E, Macri P, et al. et al. COVID-19: Pandemic surgery guidance. 4open, 2020; 3: 1. doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/fopen/2020002 google scholar
  • 29. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) (2020). RCOG – BSGE Statement on gynaecological laparoscopic procedures and COVID-19. Published 26 March 2020. Available from: https:// mk0britishsociep8d9m.kinstacdn.com/wpcontent/uploads/2020/03/Joint-RCOG-BSGE-Statementongynaecological-laparoscopic-procedures-and-COVID-19.pdf google scholar
  • 30. Wang W, Xu Y, Gao R, Lu R, Han K, Wu G, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens. JAMA. 2020; 323(18): 1843-4. google scholar
  • 31. Snyman L, Makulana T, Makin JD. A randomised trial comparing laparoscopy with laparotomy in the management of women with ruptured ectopic pregnancy. S Afr Med J. 2017; 107(3): 258-63. google scholar
  • 32. Paraiso MFR, Brown J, Abrão MS, Dionisi H, Rosenfield RB, Lee TTM, et al. Surgical and Clinical Reactivation for Elective Procedures during the COVID-19 Era: A Global Perspective. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2020; 27(5): 1188-95. google scholar
  • 33. Leung K, Wu JT, Liu D, Leung GM. First-wave COVID-19 transmissibility and severity in China outside Hubei after control measures, and second-wave scenario planning: a modelling impact assessment. Lancet. 2020; 395(10233): 1382-93. google scholar
  • 34. Xu S, Li Y. Beware of the second wave of COVID-19. Lancet. 2020; 395(10233): 1321-2. google scholar
  • 35. Ross GL. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection. What are the implications for the commencement of elective surgery? EClinicalMedicine. 2020; 23: 100385. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100385 google scholar


SHARE




Istanbul University Press aims to contribute to the dissemination of ever growing scientific knowledge through publication of high quality scientific journals and books in accordance with the international publishing standards and ethics. Istanbul University Press follows an open access, non-commercial, scholarly publishing.