Immune Response in (COVID-19) New Coronavirus Disease

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV; currently named as SARS-CoV-1) was first identified in November 2002 was taken under control just before it caused a global pandemics. SARS-CoV-2 was described after sequence analysis of clinical samples in patients experiencing lung infection in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease is named after the virus as coronavirus disease 2019 and abbreviated as COVID-19. World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic in 2020. Till now, COVID-19 has infected more than 20 million people worldwide. The major source of the disease consists of wild animals and infected individuals, and the virus is primarily spread through contact and respiratory droplets. The SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the beta-coronaviruses family. It has single-stranded positive polarity RNA with structural proteins such as nucleocapsid, envelope, membrane, spike proteins, and non-structural proteins responsible for viral infection. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 includes all parts of the immune system fighting against viral infections for viral eradication and recovery from infection. However, such an elevated immune response may lead to the progression of the disease to a more severe and fatal level. In this review, we have summarized the emergence of COVID-19 and the innate and adaptive immune responses evoked by SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as the immunological pathways, the severity of the disease, and antibody responses.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 immunity, SARS-CoV-2 receptor

DOI :10.26650/BB/CH22.2020.008.26 IUP :10.26650/BB/CH22.2020.008.26 Full Text (PDF)

Yeni Coronavirus (COVID-19) Hastalığında İmmün Yanıt

Nilgün Akdeniz, Günnur Deniz

SARS-CoV-1 olarak adlandırılan şiddetli akut solunum yolu sendromu (SARS) koronavirüsü (CoV) ilk olarak Kasım 2002’de tespit edilmiş ve küresel salgına neden olmadan hemen önce kontrol altına alınmıştır. SARS-CoV-2, Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Wuhan kentinde akciğer enfeksiyonu teşhisi konan bir hasta grubundan alınan klinik örneklerde dizileme yapıldıktan sonra tanımlanmıştır. SARS-CoV-2 virüsünün neden olduğu bu hastalık COVID-19 olarak adlandırmış ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) tarafından küresel salgın ilan edilmiştir. Hastalığın ana kaynağı vahşi hayvanlar ile enfekte bireyler olup, virüs esas olarak temas ve damlacık yolu ile yayılmaktadır. Beta-koronavirüs ailesinin bir üyesi olan SARS-CoV-2, zarf, membran, nükleokapsid ve başak (S-Spike) gibi tipik yapısal proteinler ile viral enfeksiyondan sorumlu yapısal olmayan proteinleri içeren tek zincire sahip, pozitif polariteli bir RNA virüsüdür. SARS-CoV-2’ye karşı gelişen bağışıklık yanıtı, viral enfeksiyonlara karşı savaşan doğal ve edinsel yanıtların tüm bölümlerini içermektedir. Bu şekilde enfekte kişinin bağışıklık sistemi eldeki tüm silahlarıyla viral enfeksiyonların yok edilmesi ve enfeksiyondan kurtulmak için savaşmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, bu kadar yüksek bir bağışıklık yanıtı, hastalığın daha şiddetli ve ölümcül bir düzeye ilerlemesine de yol açabilmektedir. Bu derlemede, COVID-19 hastalığının ortaya çıkışı ve yapısı, SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonunun neden olduğu doğuştan gelen ve edinsel bağışıklık yanıtları ve immünolojik yolakları, hastalığın şiddeti ile olan ilişkisi, antikor yanıtları özetlenmiştir.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu, COVID-19 immünolojisi, SARS-CoV-2 reseptörler

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Covid-19: Molecular and Clinical Approach

CHAPTER

Immune Response in (COVID-19) New Coronavirus Disease

Yeni Coronavirus (COVID-19) Hastalığında İmmün Yanıt

References

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