Abuzer

Prof. Dr.

Özgür

Utilization of Herbaria in Ecological Studies: Biodiversity and Landscape Monitoring

@JOURNAL_BOX_EARLYVIEW

Selçuk

Ahmet

Mustafa

The First Record of a Macedonian Oak (Quercus trojana Webb) from Ankara, Türkiye

Gül

İsa

Illustration of Succulent Taxa from Amaranthaceae: Problems and Proposed Solutions

Begüm

Contributions to the Flora of Şahinler Natural Park (Kızılcahamam/Ankara)*

Almila

Rachel

Bilge

Abdulkerim

Osman

Teaching Old Collections New Tricks: Initial Findings of the ISTF Herbarium Digitization Project*

Alper

Dare to be Wild: My Journey into the Fern World

@JOURNAL_BOX_CURRENT

@JOURNAL_BOX_FEATURED

@JOURNAL_BOX_MOSTREAD

Herbarium Turcicum, is a peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly journal of the Istanbul University Faculty of Science. Published twice a year in March and September, Herbarium Turcicum covers phylogenetic studies, modern herbarium techniques, computer-based plant identification including machine-learning and data-science-driven methods and morphometric studies. The publication languages of the journal are English and Turkish.

Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Levent

@METRIC_VOLUMES

@METRIC_ISSUES

@METRIC_ARTICLES

@METRIC_OPENACCESS

Herbarium Turcicum

@INFO_TAB_ABOUT

Editor in Chief

Co Editor in Chief

Honorary Editor

Language Editor

Editorial Assistant

Editorial Board Member

@INFO_TAB_BOARDS

The journal Herbarium Turcicum is devoted to phylogenetic studies, modern herbarium techniques, computer-based plant identification including machine-learning and data-science-driven methods and morphometric studies, in order to fill the current gap in this type of literature. The journal's purpose and scope are summarized below:1. New taxa, synonyms, transfers, revisional studies, typification studies2. Plant taxa previously deposited in herbaria but not later collected and those preserved in herbaria but endangered in the wild3. Organizational and digitization activities of herbaria4. Herbarium stories: new species described from herbarium specimens, scientific work resulting from international collaborations among scientists working in various herbaria, 5. Herbaria and their relationships with other disciplines, such as molecular phylogeny, plant anatomy, forensic biology and graphology studies using herbarium specimens6. Herbarium pests: modern techniques and methods of control7. Herbarium curators and their academic lives8. Interesting and historical collections9. Live plant collections10. Historical and ancient place and region names on herbarium labels11. Invalid names persisting on herbarium labels12. Monumental trees and their presentation13. Plants and history14. Plants in culture and art15. Stories of plant epithets16. Ethical rules17. Herbarium techniques and innovations18. Fighting pests and physical conditions19. Herbarium types20. Archaeobotanical studies and collections21. Technology and herbaria, machine learning and digital classification studies

Aim and Scope

The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the Journal. Only those manuscripts approved by every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the Journal requires written permission of all declared authors.Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviors. All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication.Plagiarism Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. If plagiarism/self-plagiarism will be found authors will be informed. Editors may resubmit manuscript for similarity check at any peer-review or production stage if required. High similarity scores may lead to rejection of a manuscript before and even after acceptance. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity score taken from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 15 or 20%.Double Blind Peer-Review After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by the editors-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The editor provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles and hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Policies

The journal is an open access journal and all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read" target="_blank">BOAI</a> definition of open access.The open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) license.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Authors publishing with the journal retain the copyright to their work licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</a> ) and grant the Publisher non-exclusive commercial right to publish the work. CC BY-NC 4.0 license permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Editor should consider publishing correction if minor errors that do not effect the results, interpretations and conclusions of the published paper are detected. Editor should consider retraction if major errors and/or misconduction that invalidate results and conclusions are detected.Editor should consider issuing an expression of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are not reliable and institutions of the authors do not investigate the case or the possible investigation seems to be unfair or nonconclusive. The guidelines of <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> and <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> are taken into consideration regarding correction, retractions or expression of concern.

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark which serves as a  national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to  collect, preserve, and serve the content.Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with  that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of IUPress journal website.

Herbarium Turcicum is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing issued by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Each manuscript is reviewed by one of the editors and at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviours.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication.

Ethics

Herbarium Turcicum adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.<ul type="disc"> <li>Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.</li> <li>The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.</li> <li>The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.</li> <li>Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.</li> <li>Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.</li> <li>The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.</li> <li>In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.</li> <li>If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.</li> <li>In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.</li> </ul>

Research on wild plants, including collection of plant material must follow international principles and guidelines. The journal advises authors to comply with with the &#34;<a href="http://www.cbd.int/convention/" target="_blank">Convention on Biological Diversity</a>, <a href="http://www.cites.org/" target="_blank">Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora</a> and <a href="https://www.iucn.org/resources/commission-statement/iucn-commission-statement-research-involving-species-risk-extinction" target="_blank">IUCN Commission Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction</a>In accordance with the Environmental Law and the Convention on Biodiversity, the Permit Certificate required for the collection of all kinds of biological materials (plants, animals, microorganisms, etc.) or samples containing biological materials from nature throughout Turkey obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks must be acquired. The journal recommends following these rules.Collection of research materials from nature for scientific research for flower bulbs, whose collection, production, harvest and export from nature are subject to quota, is subject to the permission of the Ministry. The permit must be obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Plant Production (BÜGEM). To collect “Plant Genetic Resources”; Permission from BÜGEM is not sufficient. In accordance with the Environmental Law and the Convention on Biodiversity; a permit must also be obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks.  In case of entering forest, national park, wetland, conservation area etc to  collect “Plant Genetic Resources”;  the required permit document(s) for these areas must be obtained separately. The journal recommends following these rules.

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. Authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g., tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analysing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research are not sufficient for being accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/51B335D33A7F45ADBD2A0761343133E9" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form.</a>The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor-in-Chief to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. S/he provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. S/he must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.  Editor-in-chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international external referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by editor-in-chief  upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor in chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.-    Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?-    Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?-    Is the problem significant and concisely stated?-    Are the methods described comprehensively?-    Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?-    Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?-    Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

LanguageThe language of the journal is both Turkish and English.Manuscript SubmissionManuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/hturcicum" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/hturcicum</a> and it must be accompanied by a cover letter indicating that the manuscript is intended for publication, specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist), <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/58D0258998F442BA93AE981A36C68BA2" target="_blank">title page</a>, <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/52F61EB3844B44469E5950A17DC31EC5" target="_blank">author form</a>, and <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/0E936D4B94754E01AFAABC0AE77A65A2" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors.By submitting an article, the authors indicate that the work has not been previously published, nor is simultaneously being considered for publication elsewhere, and that it has been approved – tacitly or expressly – by all co-authors, as well as by the responsible authorities of unit where the work was produced. The publisher cannot be held legally responsible in the event of claims for compensation.Permissions Authors wishing to include figures, tables or text passages previously published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder for both print and online format and include evidence of such permission when submitting an article. Any material received without such evidence will be deemed the work of the authors.Online Submission Please follow the link “Submit manuscript” on the right and upload all relevant files following the instructions provided.Ensure that you provide all relevant editable source files. Failing to submit these source files may lead to unnecessary delays in the review and production process.TablesAll tables should be numbered using Arabic numerals.Tables should always be referenced in the text in sequential numerical order.Provide a title describing the components of each table.For tables taken from other sources, provide the source as a reference at the end of the title.Footnotes should be shown in superscript lowercase (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data) and included at the bottom of the table.Herbarium Turcicum encourages online-only publication of comprehensive tables that supplement the article but are more user-friendly in electronic form.Visual MaterialFor the best end result, it is highly recommended that all work (including photos, drawings, etc.) is submitted in electronic format. Published work is a direct reflection of the quality of the visual material provided.Electronic Figure SubmissionNumbers and letters used in figures must be on a separate layer.Specify the image editor used.The preferred format for vector graphics is EPS. For black and white images, use the TIFF format. MS Office files are also acceptable.Name Figure files &#34;Figure&#34; and the number.Figure NumberingFigures must be numbered using Arabic numerals.All figures should be referenced in the text in sequential order.Figure parts should be indicated with lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).If an appendix appears in your article and contains one or more figures, continue with the sequential numbering of the main text. Do not number appendix figures &#34;A1, A2, A3, etc.&#34; However, figures found only in the online appendices [Supplementary Information (SI)] should be numbered separately.Figure TitlesEach figure should have a short title that describes exactly what it represents. Include subtitles in the text file, not the image file.Figure titles begin with “Figure” followed by the figure number, both in bold.Do not use punctuation after the figure number or at the end of the title.Define all the figure elements in the title and use boxes, circles, etc. as coordinate points in images.Identify any and all previously published material by citing the original source as a reference at the end of the figure title.

Author Guidelines

Herbarium Turcicum publishes original articles related to herbariums and live collections that take plant systematics as the main theme. The journal encourages the inclusion of original drawings and high-quality original photographs of rare and endangered species to accompany descriptions. The full spectrum of articles accepted by the journal is presented below. The topic should be original and of interest to our readers. Submitted texts should be written in either Turkish or English with the utmost attention paid to language and spelling rules.Original Research ArticlesArticles presenting the results of empirical and theoretical research that address questions or hypotheses regarding herbariums, living collections and plant systematics.Review ArticlesArticles dealing with herbariums, living collections and the latest significant developments and advances in plant systematics. Reviews should be of interest to a wide audience and are expected to both summarize current knowledge and propose new ideas and hypotheses for future research.Letters To The EditorShort CommunicationsThese are short articles written in response or in addition to previously published research articles and provide additional scientific contributions, comments and criticism, and new findings that offer an alternative interpretation. A maximum of 3 pages (4,000 words) is recommended.Title PagePlease ensure your title page contains the following information.<ul><li>Title</li></ul>The title should be concise and informative.<ul><li>Author information</li></ul>The name(s) of the author(s),The affiliation(s) of the author(s), and their addresses,A clear indication of the corresponding author and their active e-mail address.<ul><li>Abstract</li></ul>The abstract should be 150 to 250 words and should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.<ul><li>Keywords</li></ul>Please provide 4 to 6 keywords to be used for indexing purposes.<ul><li>Statements and Declarations</li></ul>Competing Interests: Authors are required to disclose any and all financial or non-financial interests directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication.Please note that the abstract should be available as a stand-alone document presenting the main results and conclusions of the article using simple, factual statements.Manuscript StructureThe text of a research paper should be divided into: Title Page, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, Final Word (optional), Acknowledgments, and References. Figure captions should follow the text. Tables, Figures and Electronic Supplementary Material must be uploaded as separate files.IntroductionThe introduction should state the reason for carrying out the study and the questions under consideration, and outline the essential background information. The introduction section typically ends with specific, testable hypotheses.Materials and methodsThe materials and methods section should describe applied methods and techniques in sufficient detail to allow replication of all parts of the study. Standard techniques and approaches need not be described in detail; use references to previously published work instead.Note that for all plant material studied, a voucher specimen must be submitted to an herbarium registered with the Index Herbariorum (<a href="http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/" target="_blank">http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/</a>).Discussion and ConclusionThe Discussion section should describe and evaluate the findings in terms of the questions and hypotheses presented in the introduction and in the context of other relevant studies. The conclusion section should logically state the results, drawing attention to important details in the tables and figures.Final Word (Optional)In this section, the authors can briefly describe the main contributions and results of the research and make a clear statement about its importance and relevance.Taxonomic TreatmentDescriptions and taxonomic innovations should be presented in separate paragraphs immediately after the &#34;Discussion and Conclusion&#34; section.TextText FormattingManuscripts should be submitted in Word.Regular 10-point Times New Roman font should be used for text. Use single-line spacing and 6 pt before and after paragraph spacing. Italics may be used for emphasis.All page margins should be 2.5 cm.The automatic page numbering function should be used to number the pages.Tab stops or other commands should be used for indentations, not the spacebar.Use the table function rather than spreadsheets to make tables.Use the equation editor or MathType for equations.Files should be submitted in .docx format (Word 2007 or higher) or .doc format (older Word versions).HeadingsPlease use no more than three levels of displayed headings.AbbreviationsAbbreviations should be defined at first mention and used consistently thereafter.FootnotesFootnotes should avoided except in special circumstances which require additional clarification for a reference not adequately described by a standard citation.AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments of persons, donations, funds, etc. should be placed in a separate section on the title page. The names of funding organizations should be written in full.Scientific Style<ul><li>Use SI units and internationally accepted signs and symbols.</li><li>Species and subspecies names should be italicized in normal text. Higher taxonomic levels should not be italicized.</li><li>It is sufficient to provide plant author names at first mention of the relevant taxon, except in special circumstances. We recommend <a href="http://www.ipni.org">www.ipni.org</a> for plant authors. Please provide your source in the reference list as appropriate.</li><li>Herbarium Turcicum requires that supporting data be stored in an appropriate repository to facilitate reader access prior to final acceptance of the manuscript.</li></ul>Genetic information, such as DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, should be sent to an appropriate database such as GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) or EMBL (<a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/embl/" target="_blank">www.ebi.ac.uk/embl/</a>). All sequences produced from next-generation sequencing techniques may be archived in an appropriate public repository such as the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra), ENA (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/about/sra_submissions) or Dryad (<a href="http://datadryad.org/" target="_blank">http://datadryad.org/</a>). TreeBase (<a href="http://www.treebase.org" target="_blank">http://www.treebase.org</a>) and Dryad http://datadryad.org/) are public access and recommended for alignments used for phylogenetic work.

<div><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/E85256BC74D548658C24019C7CF628CD" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/2D29570C315A49BF8D2401A4FD42BE41" target="_blank">Title Page</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/A1D611D04EAE4BEFB957509AC6EB4249" target="_blank">Author Form</a></div>

Ensure that the following items are present:Cover letter to the editor<ul><li>The category of the manuscript</li><li>Confirming that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.</li><li>Including disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement.</li><li>Confirming that last control for fluent English was done.</li><li>Confirming that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.</li></ul><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8388B9F2AEAC4E05859991D438A5ACD2" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>Permission of previous published material if used in the present manuscript<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/61824E63C2FC47D785897B9E1FFCCA32" target="_blank">Author Form</a> <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/9CE97EA2B61F4BEE922A786916CEB079" target="_blank">Title page</a> <ul><li>The category of the manuscript</li><li>The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in English</li><li>All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addresses</li><li>Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax number</li><li>ORCIDs of all authors</li><li>Grant support, Conflict of interest, and Acknowledgement (if exists)</li></ul>Main Manuscript Document:<ul><li>Important: Please avoid mentioning the author (s) names in the manuscript.</li><li>The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in English</li><li>Abstracts both in Turkish  (150-250 words) and in English  (150-250 words)</li><li>Key words: 4-6 words in Turkish and in English</li><li>Extended Abstract (600-800 words) in English (only for articles in Turkish) [Extended English abstracts are not required for studies of new taxa, new records, floristic studies, scientific plant illustrations, scientific photography techniques.]</li><li>Body text</li><li>References</li><li>All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)</li></ul>

Herbarium Turcicum

EARLY VIEW

Utilization of Herbaria in Ecological Studies: Biodiversity and Landscape Monitoring

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