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DOI :10.26650/experimed.2020.824840   IUP :10.26650/experimed.2020.824840    Full Text (PDF)

Molecular Mechanism of General Anesthesia

Özge KönerSibel TemürTurgay İsbir

Despite the widespread changes induced by general anesthetic agents, their exact effect sites are not clearly defined in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent molecular studies have pointed out specific sites in CNS on which anesthetic drugs show their effects. Hypnosis, amnesia, sedation are mediated by different receptors, neurotransmitters and neuronal pathways in the CNS. Protein base theory of anesthesia, which focuses on ion channels, took the place of lipid-based theory in the 1980’s. There are two types of receptors, which are known to be responsible for the general anesthetic action: neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels. Background channels are also described as targets for anesthetic action. Enhancement and block of TWIK Related K+ channels (TREK), TWIK related arachidonic acid activated K+ channel (TRAAK), and TWIK related acid-sensitive K+ channels (TASK) channels have been reported at low concentrations of volatile anesthetic agents. Two-pore-domain potassium channels are protein complexes embedded in cell membranes. They selectively allow potassium ions to pass through the cellular membrane. These channels are also capable of changing the membrane potential by means of neuronal excitability, neurotransmitters and hormone secretion. Of those channels, TASK-1 and TREK-1 are activated by volatile anesthetic agents. In this article, receptors responsible for anesthesia in CNS and their mechanism of action will be reviewed.

DOI :10.26650/experimed.2020.824840   IUP :10.26650/experimed.2020.824840    Full Text (PDF)

Genel Anesteziklerin Moleküler Mekanizması

Özge KönerSibel TemürTurgay İsbir

Genel anestezik ajanlar, nörotransmitterleri modüle ederek santral sinir sisteminde yaygın nöronal değişime neden olmaktadır. Yeni yapılan moleküler araştırmalarda anestezik ajanların etki ettiği spesifik alanlar üzerinde durulmaktadır. Hipnoz, amnezi, sedasyon santral sinir sisteminde farklı reseptör, nörotransmitter ve nöronal yolaklar aracılığıyla sağlanır. 1980'lerin başında yapılan çalışmalar sonrasında, iyon kanallarına odaklanan protein temelli anestezi teorisi, lipid temelli anestezi teorisinin yerini almıştır. Protein temelli teoriye göre, genel anestezik etkiden sorumlu iki tip reseptör mevcuttur; nörotransmitter reseptörler ve iyon kanalları. “Background” iyon kanalları da anestezik etki için yeni tanımlanmış hedef reseptörlerdir. İki porlu (two-pore-domain) potasyum kanallarından TWIK ilişkili K+ kanalı (TREK), TWIK ilişkili araşidonik asitle aktive K+ kanalı (TRAAK), TWIK ilişkili asit duyarlı K+ kanalları (TASK) tipteki kanalların volatil ajanların düşük konsantrasyonunda güçlendiği ya da bloke olduğu bildirilmiştir. İki porlu potasyum kanalları, biyolojik membranlarda bulunan protein kompleksleridir. İki porlu potasyum kanalları, potasyum iyonları için özeldir ve potasyumun hücre membranından geçmesine izin verirler. İki porlu potasyum kanalları, nöronal uyarılma, nörotransmitter ve hormon salınımı yoluyla, membran potansiyelindeki değişikliklerden de sorumludurlar. İki porlu potasyum kanalların TASK-1 ve TREK-1 alt tipleri volatil anestezik ajanlarla (örneğin, izofluran, kloroform, dietil eter) uyarılır. Bu makalede santral sinir sisteminde bulunan ve genel anesteziklerin etkisinden sorumlu reseptörler ve bunların etki mekanizmaları gözden geçirilecektir. 


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APA

Köner, Ö., Temür, S., & İsbir, T. (2020). Molecular Mechanism of General Anesthesia. Experimed, 10(3), 140-143. https://doi.org/10.26650/experimed.2020.824840


AMA

Köner Ö, Temür S, İsbir T. Molecular Mechanism of General Anesthesia. Experimed. 2020;10(3):140-143. https://doi.org/10.26650/experimed.2020.824840


ABNT

Köner, Ö.; Temür, S.; İsbir, T. Molecular Mechanism of General Anesthesia. Experimed, [Publisher Location], v. 10, n. 3, p. 140-143, 2020.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Köner, Özge, and Sibel Temür and Turgay İsbir. 2020. “Molecular Mechanism of General Anesthesia.” Experimed 10, no. 3: 140-143. https://doi.org/10.26650/experimed.2020.824840


Chicago: Humanities Style

Köner, Özge, and Sibel Temür and Turgay İsbir. Molecular Mechanism of General Anesthesia.” Experimed 10, no. 3 (Apr. 2024): 140-143. https://doi.org/10.26650/experimed.2020.824840


Harvard: Australian Style

Köner, Ö & Temür, S & İsbir, T 2020, 'Molecular Mechanism of General Anesthesia', Experimed, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 140-143, viewed 19 Apr. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/experimed.2020.824840


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Köner, Ö. and Temür, S. and İsbir, T. (2020) ‘Molecular Mechanism of General Anesthesia’, Experimed, 10(3), pp. 140-143. https://doi.org/10.26650/experimed.2020.824840 (19 Apr. 2024).


MLA

Köner, Özge, and Sibel Temür and Turgay İsbir. Molecular Mechanism of General Anesthesia.” Experimed, vol. 10, no. 3, 2020, pp. 140-143. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/experimed.2020.824840


Vancouver

Köner Ö, Temür S, İsbir T. Molecular Mechanism of General Anesthesia. Experimed [Internet]. 19 Apr. 2024 [cited 19 Apr. 2024];10(3):140-143. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/experimed.2020.824840 doi: 10.26650/experimed.2020.824840


ISNAD

Köner, Özge - Temür, Sibel - İsbir, Turgay. Molecular Mechanism of General Anesthesia”. Experimed 10/3 (Apr. 2024): 140-143. https://doi.org/10.26650/experimed.2020.824840



TIMELINE


Submitted12.11.2020
Accepted01.12.2020
Published Online25.12.2020

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