Research Article


DOI :10.26650/arcp.843068   IUP :10.26650/arcp.843068    Full Text (PDF)

Cambridge Change and a Necessary Question: What is it to be an Object?

Egemen Seyfettin Kuşcu

Analytical philosophy is often thought as anti-metaphysical. However, in the 20th century, important transformations have taken place in this tradition. After the debates that started with a linguistic turn, a metaphysical turn emerged. Nowadays, one can clearly speak of analytical metaphysics or ontologies. Different ontologies place different entities and categorizations at their center. The views put forward on ‘what change is’ at the beginning of the 20th century also created a ground for the change to be addressed as a separate topic in contemporary ontology discussions. Although they have a different philosophical approach, McTaggart and Russell share similar philosophical methods. This partial similarity caused Geach to evaluate both thinkers' approaches of definition of change under a single heading in the same way. Geach criticized these philosophers and called their definitions of change the ‘Cambridge Change’. Geach argues that the Cambridge Change overshadows real changes, it makes all changes identical. In this article, we try to show that Geach’s criticism is not justified and his proposal requires some other premises. Geach defines real changes as changes that make a difference in the object. But what is the object? This question requires a consideration of object theories in analytical metaphysics. With the consideration of the Substratum and the Bundle theories, the importance of the properties on an ontological basis emerges, but this makes it clear that Geach’s claim is not well-founded. Without a discussion on objects, there is no discussion of change and the grading of properties depending on it.

DOI :10.26650/arcp.843068   IUP :10.26650/arcp.843068    Full Text (PDF)

Cambridge Değişimi ve bir Zorunlu Soru: Bir Nesne Olmak Ne demektir?

Egemen Seyfettin Kuşcu

Analitik felsefe özellikle metafizik karşıtı bir yaklaşım içerisinde olmakla nitelendirilmiştir. Ancak 20.yüzyılda bu gelenekte önemli dönüşümler yaşanmıştır. Dile dönüş ile başlayan tartışmalar sonrasında metafiziğe dönüşü ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bugün açık bir biçimde analitik metafizik ya da ontolojilerden söz edilebilmektedir. Elbette farklı ontolojiler farklı varolanlar ve farklı kategorileştirmeleri merkezlerine koymaktadırlar. 20. yüzyılın başında değişimin ne olduğu konusunda ortaya konan görüşler de çağdaş ontoloji tartışmalarında değişim konusunun ayrı bir başlık olarak ele alınabilmesi için bir zemin yaratmıştır. Farklı felsefi yaklaşım içerisinde olmalarına rağmen McTaggart ve Russell benzer bir felsefe yapma tarzı içerisindedirler. Bu kısmi benzerlik Geach’in her iki düşünürün değişim konusundaki yaklaşımlarını tek bir başlık altında, aynı şekilde değerlendirmesine yol açmıştır. Geach bu filozofların değişim tanımlarını her iki filozofun da Cambridge Üniversitesinde olmalarından kaynaklı Cambridge Değişimi olarak adlandırmış ve görüşlerini eleştirmiştir. Geach Cambridge Değişiminin gerçek değişimleri gölgede bıraktığını, tüm değişimleri aynılaştırdığını iddia etmektedir. Bu yazıda Geach’in eleştirisinin haklı olmadığı, kendi önerisinin başka bazı öncüllere gerek duyduğu üzerinden gösterilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Geach gerçek değişimleri nesnede bir farklılık yaratan değişimler olarak tanımlamaktadır. Ancak bu tanım şu soruyu sormamızı gerektirir: Dilde özne yerindeki terimin gönderimi durumundaki nesne nedir? Nasıl bireyleşir ve bireyleşiminde hangi ontolojik varolanlar etkilidir? Bu sorular analitik metafizikte nesne kuramlarının ele alınmasını gerektirir. Dayanak ve Demet kuramlarının ele alınmasıyla ontolojik olarak özelliklerin önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır ancak bu Geach’in iddiasının yerinde olmadığını açık kılmaktadır. Bir nesne tartışması yapmadan bir değişim tartışması ve ona bağlı olarak özelliklerin derecelendirilmesinden söz edilemez.


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APA

Kuşcu, E. (2020). Cambridge Change and a Necessary Question: What is it to be an Object?. Archives of Philosophy, 0(53), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.843068


AMA

Kuşcu E. Cambridge Change and a Necessary Question: What is it to be an Object?. Archives of Philosophy. 2020;0(53):1-24. https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.843068


ABNT

Kuşcu, E. Cambridge Change and a Necessary Question: What is it to be an Object?. Archives of Philosophy, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 53, p. 1-24, 2020.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Kuşcu, Egemen Seyfettin,. 2020. “Cambridge Change and a Necessary Question: What is it to be an Object?.” Archives of Philosophy 0, no. 53: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.843068


Chicago: Humanities Style

Kuşcu, Egemen Seyfettin,. Cambridge Change and a Necessary Question: What is it to be an Object?.” Archives of Philosophy 0, no. 53 (Apr. 2024): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.843068


Harvard: Australian Style

Kuşcu, E 2020, 'Cambridge Change and a Necessary Question: What is it to be an Object?', Archives of Philosophy, vol. 0, no. 53, pp. 1-24, viewed 26 Apr. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.843068


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Kuşcu, E. (2020) ‘Cambridge Change and a Necessary Question: What is it to be an Object?’, Archives of Philosophy, 0(53), pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.843068 (26 Apr. 2024).


MLA

Kuşcu, Egemen Seyfettin,. Cambridge Change and a Necessary Question: What is it to be an Object?.” Archives of Philosophy, vol. 0, no. 53, 2020, pp. 1-24. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.843068


Vancouver

Kuşcu E. Cambridge Change and a Necessary Question: What is it to be an Object?. Archives of Philosophy [Internet]. 26 Apr. 2024 [cited 26 Apr. 2024];0(53):1-24. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.843068 doi: 10.26650/arcp.843068


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Kuşcu, Egemen Seyfettin. Cambridge Change and a Necessary Question: What is it to be an Object?”. Archives of Philosophy 0/53 (Apr. 2024): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.26650/arcp.843068



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Submitted05.10.2020
Accepted09.11.2020
Published Online31.12.2020

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