darulfunun ilahiyat

SUBMITINFORMATION
EnglishTürkçe

Research Article


DOI :10.26650/di.2020.31.2.0012   IUP :10.26650/di.2020.31.2.0012    Full Text (PDF)

Examining the Phenomenon of Happiness in the Context of Religiosity Essence

Fatma Baynal

In this research, the concept of happiness will be examined in the context of religion. In this direction, it is focused on how the concept of happiness is evaluated philosophically, psychologically and religiously. It has been researched what effect religion and religiosity factor has on happiness. In empirical researches, it was determined that the concept of happiness was handled with different definitions such as life satisfaction, well-being and life satisfaction. It was revealed that the concept of happiness in philosophy, which is discussed in terms of eudaimonically and hedonically is also reflected in psychological thought. However, it has been observed that the mentality in psychology has changed periodically. In the results of the research, the importance of belief and virtuous behaviors have emerged in making the person happy. Whether or not happiness is the ultimate purpose or quest of man is discussed from a religious perspective. Suggestions have been made to examine individuals’ religious and secular perception of happiness.

Keywords: Philosophy, Psychology, Religion, Psychology of Religion, Happiness, Religiosity
DOI :10.26650/di.2020.31.2.0012   IUP :10.26650/di.2020.31.2.0012    Full Text (PDF)

Mutluluk Kavramının Felsefi, Psikolojik ve Dini Açıdan İncelenmesi

Fatma Baynal

Bu araştırmada mutluluk kavramı incelenecektir. Bu doğrultuda, mutluluk kavramının felsefi, psikolojik ve dini açıdan nasıl değerlendirildiği üzerinde durulmuştur. Din ve dindarlık faktörünün mutluluk üzerinde ne gibi etkisi olduğu araştırılmıştır. Ampirik araştırmalarda mutluluk kavramının yaşam doyumu, iyi oluş, yaşam memnuniyeti gibi farklı tanımlamalar ile ele alındığı tespit edilmiştir. Felsefede eudaimonik ve hedonik açıdan ele alınan mutluluk anlayışının psikolojik düşünceye de yansıdığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bununla birlikte psikolojide mutluluk anlayışının dönemsel açıdan değişikliğe uğradığı görülmüştür. Araştırma sonuçlarında kişinin mutlu olmasında inancın ve erdemli davranışların önemi ortaya çıkmıştır. Dini açıdan mutluluğun insanın nihai amacı veya arayışı olup olmadığı tartışılmıştır. Bireylerde mutlulukla ilgili dini ve dünyevi algının incelenmesi konusunda önerilerde bulunulmuştur. 

Keywords: Felsefe, Psikoloji, Din, Din Psikolojisi, Mutluluk, Dindarlık

EXTENDED ABSTRACT


Happiness is one of the strongest emotions that motivate people; it is effective in the design of individuals’ lives. Therefore, its philosophy is among the priority issues in psychological and religious fields. This research will examine the concept of happiness, focusing on how the concept is assessed from a philosophy, psychological and religious perspective. Literature on religion, religiosity and happiness will also be analyzed and the relevant approaches will be discussed with amprique findings. In philosophy, the source of happiness has been researched. In general, philosophers handled happiness in terms of pleasure and virtue. 

Happiness is in the hedonist philosophy is about fulfilling persons’ physical, intellectual or social needs. In the eudaimonic philosophy, it is about the individual to realize themselves and sustain a meaningful life.1 According to the opinion of the Islamic philosophers whom are close to the eudaimonic philosophy, in the other world people will finally get the happiness which is the highest good and purpose.2 The concept of happiness, which represents everything that is good in psychology, can be expressed in different words, such as well-being or quality of life.3 The hedonic approach, often describes happiness as a pleasure or avoidance of pain, the eudaimonic approach focuses on meaning and self-realization for happiness in psychology.4 In the early days, negative emotions such as depression and anxiety were emphasizes, but with the emergence of positive psychology also emerging, positive emotions have been highlighted over time.5 It has recently been the focus that forcing people to be happy makes them more unhappy. So there are different views that striving to exaggerate suffering and be constantly happy has led to an increase in unhappiness.6 The religions were intertwined in the psychosocial, economic, political, biological and physical aspects of life.7 It therefore transforms the believer from an sense, thinking and behavior. It also brings meaning and purpose to a person’s life and a certain sense of identity.8 Religion can have a positive impact on the happiness of individuals through negative experiences, dealing with fears, feeling of intent and fulfilling the need for a family.

Islam signals the weaknesses of the religious person’s self; it places orders to be forgiving, fair, humble from social relations and encourages the person to be spiritual happy.10 It gives people a plan of life, just like other religions. It is promised that people living in this plan will be happy in this world and the other world.11 While knowledge and hikmet are essential for the person to achieve happiness according to Islamic ethics, it is only possible to achieve happiness through senior behavior.12 Contrary to the efforts of the modern age to achieve happiness, religion advises people that one cannot be happy with beings in this world; it states that people who turn to materiality to be happy will be more unhappy.

 Mystical teaches are also mentioned that they are leading people to happiness.13 Emotions like love, affection, closeness and compassion that exist in one’s soul will bring joy to the individual.14 Unhappiness is more about people’s thoughts than a situation. Therefore, the individual needs to try to stay true rather than have been fabricated in his mind.15 It is aimed a person to know oneself and control their practices in Sufism too.16 The person who knows himself can do his/her best to seek happiness in assets other than himself.

Recently, in psychology, instead of striving to be happy, it has been mentioned that the person turns to himself and the virtues. However, in religion, we can mention that happiness is not a search or a goal like in psychology, and there is no temporal or situational limit to happiness. The fact that the religion’s understanding of happiness is not dependent on any condition can free a person from everything, including the expectation of reward in the afterlife.

As a result, knowing oneself is a common feature of being happy in terms of religious, mystical and even some contemporary psychology studies. Being conscious of one’s existence can naturally lead him to virtuous behavior as he attains true happiness. A person who realizes that everything that exists in this life is destined to disappear may turn to himself instead of focusing on temporary happiness or unhappiness. This work aims to shed light on the nature of the happiness presented as the final value the individual wants to achieve today and will contribute to the area through the results. In further research, we are looking at the religious and religious perception of happiness in individuals.


PDF View

References

  • Abdel-Khalek, Ahmed M. “Happiness, Health, and Religiosity: Significant Associations Among Lebanese Adolescents.” Mental Health Religion & Culture 17/1, (2014), 1-11. google scholar
  • Acar, Nilüfer V., Yıldırım, İbrahim ve Ergene, Tuncay. “Bireylerin Dindarlık Düzeylerinin Bazı Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12, (1996), 45-56. google scholar
  • Acaboğa, Asiye. “Din Mutluluk İlişkisi.” Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Kahramanmaraş: Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2007. google scholar
  • Aghili, Mojtaba, and Kumar, G. Venkatesh. “Relationship between Religious Attitude and Happiness among Professional Employees”, Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 34, (2008), 66-69. google scholar
  • Ahrenfeldt, Linda .J., Möller, Sören., Andersen-Ranberg, Karen et al. “Religiousness and Health in Europe.” Eur J Epidemiol 32, (2017), 921–929. google scholar
  • Akarsu, Bedia. Ahlâk Öğretileri 1 Mutluluk Ahlakı. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, 1965. google scholar
  • Alain, Chartier. Mutlu Olma Sanatı. İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları, 1998. google scholar
  • Arıcı, Havva Yalvaç. “Kur’an’da Mutluluk Kavramı ve Eğitimi.” Doktora Tezi. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2019. google scholar
  • Aristoteles, Nikomakos’a Etik, Çev. Furkan Akderin, İstanbul: Say Yayınları, 2014. google scholar
  • Armaner, Neda. Din Psikolojisine Giriş. Ankara: Ayyıldız Matbaası, 1980. google scholar
  • Arvas, Fatma Balcı. “Psikolojide ve İslam Düşünce Geleneğinde Mutluluk Kavramı: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma.” İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi. 6/4, (2017), 109-128. google scholar
  • Arvas, Fatma Balcı. “Öznel İyi-Olma Hali İle Dini İnançlar Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir İnceleme.” Uludağ Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 26/2, (2017), 166-201. google scholar
  • Attâs, Nakîb, “İslam’da Mutluluğun Anlamı ve Tecrübesi.” Çev. Şaban Ali Düzgün, Kelam Araştırmaları. 9/2, (2011), 219-238. google scholar
  • Aydemir, Rüveyda Efdal. “Dindarlık ve Mutluluk İlişkisi (İlk Yetişkinlik Dönemi).” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çanakkale: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2008. google scholar
  • Ayten, Ali. “Din ve Sağlık: Bireysel Dindarlık, Sağlık Davranışları ve Hayat Memnuniyeti İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma.” Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi. 13/3, (2013), 7-31. google scholar
  • Ayten, Ali. “Affedicilik ve Din: Affetme Eğilimi ve Dindarlıkla İlişkisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir Araştırma”. M.Ü. İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 37/2, (2009), 111-128. google scholar
  • Ayten, Ali, Göcen, Gülüşan, Sevinç, Kenan ve Öztürk, E. Ensar, “Dini Başa Çıkma, Şükür ve Hayat Memnuniyeti İlişkisi.” Din Bilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi. 12/2, (2012), 45-79. google scholar
  • Ayten, Ali ve Tura, Hatice. “Affetme Ve Dindarlık, Hayat Memnuniyetini Nasıl Destekler?” İslâmî İlimler Dergisi, 12, 12/3, (2017), 27-54. google scholar
  • Ayten, Ali ve Ferhan, Hamza. “Forgiveness, Religiousness, and Life Satisfaction: An Empirical Study on Turkish and Jordanian University Students.” Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 1/1, (2016), 75-84. google scholar
  • Ayten, Ali ve Gashi, Fehim. “Affetme ve Hayat Memnuniyeti Üzerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma.” Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3/2, (2012), 11-36. google scholar
  • Ayten, Ali & Sezai Korkmaz, “The Relationships Between Religiosity, Prosociality, Satisfaction With Life And Generalised Anxiety: A Study On Turkish Muslims,” Mental Health Religion & Culture, (2020), 980-993. google scholar
  • Bahadır, Abdulkerim. “Modernitenin Yıkıcı Etkileri Karşısında Savunmasız İnsan.” Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 13, (2002) 129-142. google scholar
  • Baasher, T.A., “İslam and Mental Health.” Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 7/3, (2001), 372-376. google scholar
  • Bilgen, Sümeyye. “Hadislerde Mutluluk ve Mutsuzluk Sebepleri.” Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Isparta: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2018. google scholar
  • Bircan, Hasan Hüseyin. İslam Felsefesinde Mutluluk. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2001. google scholar
  • Bircan, H. Hüseyin. “İslam Ahlak Felsefesinde ‘En Yüce Gaye’ Kavramı ve Ahlaki Değerlerin Belirlenimi.” İslami Araştırmalar Dergisi, 16/3 (2004), 422-429. google scholar
  • Bono, Giacomo, McCullough, Michael E. and Root, Lindsey M. “Forgiveness, Feeling Connected to Others, and Well-Being: Two Longitudinal Studies.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, (2008), 182–195. google scholar
  • Borgna, Eugenio. Ruhun Yalnızlığı. Çev. Meryem Mine Çilingiroğlu. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2014. google scholar
  • Byock, Ira. “The Meaning and Value of Death”. Journal Of Pallıatıve Medıcıne, 5/2, (2002), 279-287. google scholar
  • Cambridge Dictionary. “Well Being,” 13 Nisan 2020, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/tr/s%C3%B6zl%C3%BCk/ingilizce/well-being. google scholar
  • Camfield, Laura, and Skevington, Suzanne M. “On Subjective Well-Being and Quality of Life.” Journal of Health Psychology, 13/6, (2008), 764-775. google scholar
  • Carrel, Alexis. İnsan Denen Meçhul. İstanbul: Hayat Yayınları,1997. google scholar
  • Cücü,Taner, İslam’da Mutluluk Prensibi. İstanbul: Otağ Yayınları,1978. google scholar
  • Çağrıcı, Mustafa. “Kindi’nin Def’ul – Ahzan Adlı Risalesi, Kaynakları ve Tesirleri”. İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. (1995), 221-241. google scholar
  • Classen, Albrecht. “Mystical Visions and Spiritual Health –Medieval Mysticism as a Platform For The Exploraton of Human Spirituality and Happiness”. Studies in Spirituality, 25, (2015). google scholar
  • Coştu, Yakup. “Dine Normatif ve Popüler Yaklaşım Bir Dini Yönelim Ölçeği Denemesi”. Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 8/15, (2009), 119-139. google scholar
  • Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. Akış- Mutluluk Bilimi. Çevirmen: Barış Satılmış, İstanbul: Buzdağı Yayıncılık, 2017. google scholar
  • Çay, Mustafa. Mutsuz Olmak Günahtır. İstanbul: Ganj Yayınları, 2011. google scholar
  • Deci, Edward, and Ryan, Richard. “Hedonia, Eudaimonia and Well-Being: An Introduction”. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, (2008), 1-11. Demirkol, Murat. “İslam Ahlak Düşüncesinin Gelişiminde Filozofların Katkısı”. Eskiyeni 28, (2014), 67-95. google scholar
  • Diener, Ed, Emmons, Robert A., Larsen, Randy J., and Griffin, Sharon. “The Satisfaction With Life Scale.” Journal of Personality Assessment, 49,1,1985, 71–75. google scholar
  • Diener Ed, and Diener, Marissa. “Cross-Cultural Correlates of Life Satisfaction and Self-Esteem”. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 68, (1995), 653-663. google scholar
  • Diş, Sebile Başok. “Bir Dayatma Halini Alan Mutluluk Talebi”. Temaşa, 8, (2018). google scholar
  • Duman, Zeki. “Tüketimci Kapitalizmin ve Tüketim Kültürünün Eleştirisi,” Sosyoloji Dergisi, 33, (2016), 15-36. google scholar
  • Emmons Robert A. “Personal Strivings: an Approach to Personality and Subjective Wellbeing”. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 51, (1986),1058-6. google scholar
  • Flannelly, Kevin J. at all. (2006). “Belief in Life After Death and Mental Health-Findings from a National Survey.” Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194, 7, 2006, 524-529. google scholar
  • Francis, Leslie J., Yablon, Yaacov B. and Robbins, Mandy. “Religion and Happiness: a Study among Female Undergraduate Students in Israel”. International Journal of Jewish Education Research, 7, (2014), 77-92. google scholar
  • Frankl, Victor. İnsanın Anlam Arayışı. İstanbul: Öteki yayınları, 2000. google scholar
  • Freud, Sigmund. Mutluluk Dediğimiz Şey Aforizmalar Çeviren Peren Demirel. İstanbul: Aylak Adam Yayınları, 2017. google scholar
  • Freud, Sigmund. Uygarlık, Din ve Toplum, Ankara: Öteki Yayınevi, 1995. google scholar
  • Fromm, Erich. Psikanaliz ve Din. Çev. Aydın Arıtan. İstanbul: Arıtan Yayınları, 1993. google scholar
  • Fromm, Erich. Sahip Olmak ya da Olmak. Çev. Aydın Arıtan. İstanbul: Arıtan Yayınları, 1994. google scholar
  • Fromm, Erich. Erdem ve Mutluluk. Çev. Ayda Yörükan. Ankara: İş Bankası Yayınları, 1995. google scholar
  • Gazâlî, Kimyâ-yı Saâdet-Mutluluk ve Saadet Yolu, Çev. Ali Arslan, İstanbul: Merve Yayınları, 2004. google scholar
  • Gencer, Nevzat. “Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Dindarlık ve Öznel İyi Oluş.” Doktora Tezi, Çorum: Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2019. google scholar
  • Genç, Ernur ve Coşkun, Tuba. “Muhafazakârlık ve Türkiye Muhafazakârlarının Bazı Halleri.” Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 8/1, (2015), 27-40. google scholar
  • Gezenler, Ayşegül. “Orta Yetişkinlik Dönemi Dindarlık ve Mutluluk İlişkisi.” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Samsun: Ondokuz Mayıs Ünivesitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2019. google scholar
  • Göcen, Gülüşan. “Pozitif Psikoloji Düzleminde Psikolojik İyi Olma ve Dini Yönelim İlişkisi: Yetişkinler Üzerine Bir Araştırma.” Toplum Bilimleri, 7/13, 2013. google scholar
  • Günay, Ünver. Dindarlığın Sosyolojisi. Dindarlığın Sosyo-Psikolojisi içinde, Adana: Karahan Kitabevi, 2006. google scholar
  • Güngör, Erol. İslam Tasavvufu’nun Meseleleri. İstanbul: Ötüken Yayınları, 1982. google scholar
  • Hallahmi, Benjamin Beit, and Argyle, Michael. “Dindarlığın Etkileri 1” (Çev. Adem Şahin), Selçuk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Konya, 10, (2000), 453- 477. google scholar
  • Harold G. Koenig. “Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications”. ISRN Psychiatry, 16, (2012), 1-33. google scholar
  • Horney, Karen. Çağımızın Tedirgin İnsanı. Çev. Ayda Yörükan, İstanbul: Tur Yayınları, 1980. google scholar
  • Hökelekli, Hayati. Din Psikolojisi. Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları, 1993. google scholar
  • Hume, David. Din Üstüne. Çev. Mete Tunçay. İstanbul: İmge yayınları, 1995. google scholar
  • Johnstone, Ronald L. Religion in Society: A Sociology of Religion. New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 1982. google scholar
  • J. Van Dyke, Cydney and Elias, Maurice. “How Forgiveness, Purpose, and Religiosity are Related to the Mental Health and Well-being of Youth: A Review of theLiterature.” Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 10/4, (2007), 395-415. google scholar
  • Jung, Carl Gustav. Man and His Symbols, Concieved and Edited By Carl Gustav Jung. New York: Anchor Press Book, 1964. google scholar
  • Kaba, İlker, Erol, Murat ve Güç. Kadir. “Yetişkin Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi”. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. (2017), 1-14. google scholar
  • Kandemir, Yusuf. “Kader İnancının Psikoterapik Açıdan Fonksiyonu.” Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi, 2006. google scholar
  • Kangal, Ayça “Mutluluk Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Değerlendirme ve Türk Hane Halkı İçin Bazı Sonuçlar.” Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12/44, (2013), 214- 233. google scholar
  • Kar, Sait. “Din, Aydınlanma ve Eleştirisi”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 42, (2014) 173-192. google scholar
  • Karakaya, Filiz Toprak, ve Uysal, Enver. “Fârâbî’de ‘İyi, Yetkinlik ve Mutluluk’ Kavramları Işığında PDR Hizmetlerine Farklı Bir Yaklaşım”. Sinop Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3/1, (2019), 191-208. google scholar
  • Kasapoğlu, Abdurrahman. Kur’an’da İman Psikolojisi. İstanbul : Yalnızkurt Yayınları, 1997. google scholar
  • Kaya, Özgür Salih, ve Fatih Orçan. “Mutluluğun Empati, Affetme ve Yaşam Doyumu Arasındaki Aracı Rolü: Bir Yol Analizi”. Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 19/2, (2019), 540-554. google scholar
  • Kayıklık, Hasan. Tasavvuf Psikolojisi. Akçağ Yayınları, 2009. google scholar
  • Keleş, Ali. “Din Görevlilerinde Dindarlık ve Mutluluk Arasındaki İlişki (Sivas Örneği).” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sivas: Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, 2019. google scholar
  • Khirizad, Babak. “Transpersonel Psikolojide Affetmek.” Doktora Tezi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, 2017. google scholar
  • Kınalızâde Ali Efendi, Ahlâk-ı Alâî, Hazırlayan Hüseyin Algül, İstanbul: Tercüman 1001 Temel Eser, t.y. google scholar
  • Kierkegaard, Soren. Ölümcül Hastalık Umutsuzluk. Çev; Mehmet Mukadder. Ankara: Doğu Batı Yayınları, 2004. google scholar
  • Koenig, Harold G., and Larson, David B. “Religion and Mental Health : Evidence for An Association,” İnternational Review of Psychiatry 13/2 (2001), 67-78. google scholar
  • Koenig, Harold G. “Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications.” ISRN Psychiatry, 16, (2012), 600-601. google scholar
  • Krause, Neal. “Religious Meaning and Subjective Well-Being in Late Life”. The Journals of Gerontology. 58/3, (2003), 160-170. google scholar
  • Kurnaz, Mahmut. “İlk Yetişkinlerde Dini Yönelim-Mutluluk İlişkisi.” Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Isparta: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, 2015. google scholar
  • Kur’ân-ı Kerîm Meâli, çev. Halil Altuntaş & Muzaffer Şahin. Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları, 2011. google scholar
  • Lama, Dalai, and Howard C. Cutler, M.D. Mutluluk Sanatı. İstanbul: Dharma Yayınları, 2000. google scholar
  • Levin, Jeffrey S., and Taylor, Robert Joseph. “Panel Analyses of Religious Involvement and Well-Being in African Americans: Contemporaneous vs. Longitudinal Effects.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37/4, (1998), 695-709. google scholar
  • Lim, Chaeyoon, and Putnam. Robert D. “Religion. “Social Networks and Life Satisfaction.” American Sociological Review. 75/6, (2010), 914-933. google scholar
  • Maslow, Abraham. İnsan Olmanın Psikolojisi. Çev. Okhan Gündüz, İstanbul: Kuraldışı Yayınevi, 2001. google scholar
  • Marar, Ziyad. Mutluluk Paradoksu Özgürlük ve Onaylanma. Çev. Serpil Çağlayan, İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi, 2004. google scholar
  • Martela, Frank, Greve, Ben, Rothstein, Bo and Saari, Juho. “The Nordic Exceptionalism: What Explains Why the Nordic Countries are Constantly Among the Happiest in the World.” in 2020 World Happiness Report, Edit: Editors: John F. Helliwell and others, A publication of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network, 2020. Erişim tarihi 23.03.2020. https://happiness-report.s3.amazonaws.com/2020/WHR20.pdf. google scholar
  • Martin, Faith. Psychology, Religion and Development: a Literature Review. Working Paper. UK: University of Birmingham, 2008. google scholar
  • Martin, Mike W. “Happiness and Virtue in Positive Psychology.” Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 37/1, 0021–8308, (2007), 89-103. google scholar
  • May, Rollo. Kendini Arayan İnsan. Çev. Ayşe Karpat. İstanbul: Kuraldışı Yayınları, 1997. google scholar
  • Nielsen, Michael E., “Din ve Mutluluk,” Bilimname XXXIII, 1, (2017), 141-144. google scholar
  • Ocak, Hasan. “Kınalızâde Ali Efendi’de Mutluluk Ahlakı Kavramının Felsefi Temelleri”, Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 1, (2012), 115-136. google scholar
  • Özasma, Halil İbrahim. “Pozitif Psikoloji ve İslam Düşünürlerinde Erdemler.” Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi, 2016. google scholar
  • Öztürk, Latif, Meral, Gürkan ve Serhat Yılmaz. “Lisans Öğrencilerinin Mutluluk ve Dindarlık İlişkisi (Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Örneği)” Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi. 8/1 (2014), 35-36. google scholar
  • Park, Nansook, Christopher, Peterson, and Runch Willibald. “Orientations to Happiness and Life Satisfaction in Twenty-Seven Nations.” The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4/4, (2009), 273-279. google scholar
  • Park, Crystal L. “Religion as a Meaning‐Making Framework in Coping with Life Stress.” Journal of Social Issues 61(4), (2005), 707 – 729. google scholar
  • Peterson, Christopher, Park, Nansook, and Martin E.P. Seligman “Orientations to Happiness and Lise Satisfaction: The Full Life Versus The Empty Life”. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6, (2005), 25-41. google scholar
  • Pew Research Center. Religion’s Relationship to Happiness, Civic Engagement and Health Around the World, 2019. https://www.pewforum.org/2019/01/31/religions-relationship-to-happiness-civic-engagement-and-health-around-the-world/ Erişim: 9.1.2020. google scholar
  • Platon, Menon, Çeviren Furkan Akderin. İstanbul: Say Yayınları, 2013. google scholar
  • Platon, Phaidon, Çeviren Furkan Akderin. İstanbul: Say Yayınları,2015. google scholar
  • Ryan, Richard, and Deci, Edward. “On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review Of Researchon Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being.” Annu. Rev. Psychology. 52, (2001), 141-166. google scholar
  • Ryff Carol D. “In the Eye of the Beholder: Views of Psychological Well-Being Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults.” Psychol. Aging 4, (1989), 195–210 google scholar
  • Sayar, Kemal. Ruh Hali Bireysel Mutluluk Sosyal Mutluluk. İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları, 2014. google scholar
  • Schopenhauer, Arthur. Hayatın Anlamı. İstanbul: Say Yayınları, 2008. google scholar
  • Schmutte Pamela S., and Carol D. Ryff. “Personality and Well-Being: Reexamining Methods and Meanings”. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 73, (1997), 549–59. google scholar
  • Seligman, Martin E.P.. Gerçek Mutluluk. Çev. Semra Kunt Akbaş. Ankara: HYB Yayınları, 2002. google scholar
  • Seligman, Martin E.P. Öğrenilmiş İyimserlik. Çev. Semra Kunt Akbaş. Ankara: Boylam Psikiyatri Enstitüsü Yayınları, 2007. google scholar
  • Seligman, Martin E. P., Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi. “Positive Psychology: An Introduction.” American Psychologist, 55 (1), (2000), 5-14. google scholar
  • Sevindik, Durmuş. “Orta Yaş Dönemi Bireylerde Dindarlık Mutluluk İlişkisi: (Denizli Örneği).” Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Isparta: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Üniversitesi, 2015. google scholar
  • Sillick, Warren J., Bruce A. Stevens and Stuart Cathcart. “Religiosity and Happiness: A Comparison of the Happiness Levels Between the Religious and the Nonreligious.” The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 4/1, (2016), 115-127. google scholar
  • Sönmez, Alper, ve Özlem Altınsu Sönmez. “Life Satisfaction and Happiness with Regard to Human Capital and Religiosity in Turkey.” Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8/16, (2018), 219-234. google scholar
  • Spira, Rupert. “Happiness Is Knowing Our Own Being.” 13.04.2020. https://non-duality.rupertspira.com/read/happiness_is_knowing_our_own_being Erişim 4.04.2020. google scholar
  • Tamtürk, Bayram. “Farabi’nin Mutluluk Anlayışı.” Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2006. google scholar
  • Tarhan, Nevzat. Mutluluk Psikolojisi ve Stresle Başa Çıkma. İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları, 2008. google scholar
  • Taş, Nurten. “Tıp ve İlahiyat Fakültesi Öğrencilerinde Batıl İnanç, Dindarlık ve Mutluluk İlişkisi.” Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Çanakkale: Çanakkale On Sekiz Mart Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2019. google scholar
  • Tolle, Echart. A New Earth Awakening is Your Lifes Purpose. Usa: Penguin Group, 2008. google scholar
  • Turan Yahya. "Yalnızlıkla Başa Çıkma: Yalnızlık, Dini Başa Çıkma, Dindarlık, Hayat Memnuniyeti ve Sosyal Medya Kullanımı". Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi 22 (2018 ), 395-434. google scholar
  • Tuzcuoğlu, Nuran. “Kant’ta Ödev Ahlakının Temellendirilişi.” Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul: Marmra Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2008. google scholar
  • TÜİK. ”Yaşam Memnuniyeti Araştırması.” 2019, Erişim 23.02.2020. file:///C:/Users/hasan/AppData/Local/Temp/Temp1_Yaşam_Memnuniyeti_Araştırması_17.02.2020%20(1).zip/Haber_Bulteni.pdf. google scholar
  • Waterman Alan S. “Two Conceptions of Happiness: Contrasts of Personal Expressiveness (Eudaimonia) and Hedonic Enjoyment”. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 64, (1993), 678–91. google scholar
  • WHO, “World Mental Health Day: Depression: A Global Crisis.” Geneva, World Health Organization, 2012. google scholar
  • Wilcox, Lynn. Sufism and Psychology. Chicago: Abjad Book Designers & Builders, 1995. google scholar
  • Wood, Alex M., Stephen Joseph, and P. Alex Linley. “Coping Style as a Psychological Resource of Grateful People.” Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26, (2007), 1108-1125. google scholar
  • Veenhoven, Ruut. “Happiness: Also Known as ‘Life-Satisfaction’ and ‘Subjective Well-Being’”, In: Kenneth C. Land, Alex C. Michalos, and M. Joseph Sirgy (Eds.) Handbook of Social Indicators and Quality of Life Research. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Publishers. 2012. google scholar
  • Veenhoven, Ruut. “The Study Of Life Satisfaction.” In W. E. Saris, R. Veenhoven, A. C. Scherpenzeel, & B. Bunting (Eds.), A Comparative Study Of Satisfaction With Life İn Europe. Budapest: EOtvOs University Press, 1996, 11-48. google scholar
  • Yahya Bin Adî, Tahzibü’l –Ahlâk, Çeviren Harun Kuşlu, İstanbul: Türkiye Yazma Eserler Kurumu Başkanlığı, 2013. google scholar
  • Yalom, Irvin D., Din ve Psikiyatri. İstanbul: Turkuvaz Yayıncılık, 2012. google scholar
  • Yanıklar, Cengiz. “Tüketim Kültürü, Kapitalizm ve İnsan İhtiyaçları Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Tartışma ” C.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 34 /1 (2010), 25-32. google scholar
  • Yapıcı, Asım. Ruh Sağlığı ve Din. Adana: Karahan yayınları, 2007. google scholar
  • Yıldız, Murat. “Ölüm Kaygısı ve Dindarlık Üzerine Bir Yorum.” Düşünen Siyaset Dergisi, 1 (1999), 108. google scholar
  • Yorulmaz, Özlem. “Relationship Between Religiosity and Happiness in Turkey: Are Religious People Happier?” Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6/1, (2016), 801-818. google scholar
  • Yıldırım, Emine Taşçi. İslam Felsefesinde İnâyet: İbn Sînâ Örneği, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı, 2020. google scholar

Citations

Copy and paste a formatted citation or use one of the options to export in your chosen format


EXPORT



APA

Baynal, F. (2020). Examining the Phenomenon of Happiness in the Context of Religiosity Essence. darulfunun ilahiyat, 31(2), 247-274. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2020.31.2.0012


AMA

Baynal F. Examining the Phenomenon of Happiness in the Context of Religiosity Essence. darulfunun ilahiyat. 2020;31(2):247-274. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2020.31.2.0012


ABNT

Baynal, F. Examining the Phenomenon of Happiness in the Context of Religiosity Essence. darulfunun ilahiyat, [Publisher Location], v. 31, n. 2, p. 247-274, 2020.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Baynal, Fatma,. 2020. “Examining the Phenomenon of Happiness in the Context of Religiosity Essence.” darulfunun ilahiyat 31, no. 2: 247-274. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2020.31.2.0012


Chicago: Humanities Style

Baynal, Fatma,. “Examining the Phenomenon of Happiness in the Context of Religiosity Essence.” darulfunun ilahiyat 31, no. 2 (Apr. 2024): 247-274. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2020.31.2.0012


Harvard: Australian Style

Baynal, F 2020, 'Examining the Phenomenon of Happiness in the Context of Religiosity Essence', darulfunun ilahiyat, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 247-274, viewed 19 Apr. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2020.31.2.0012


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Baynal, F. (2020) ‘Examining the Phenomenon of Happiness in the Context of Religiosity Essence’, darulfunun ilahiyat, 31(2), pp. 247-274. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2020.31.2.0012 (19 Apr. 2024).


MLA

Baynal, Fatma,. “Examining the Phenomenon of Happiness in the Context of Religiosity Essence.” darulfunun ilahiyat, vol. 31, no. 2, 2020, pp. 247-274. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2020.31.2.0012


Vancouver

Baynal F. Examining the Phenomenon of Happiness in the Context of Religiosity Essence. darulfunun ilahiyat [Internet]. 19 Apr. 2024 [cited 19 Apr. 2024];31(2):247-274. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2020.31.2.0012 doi: 10.26650/di.2020.31.2.0012


ISNAD

Baynal, Fatma. “Examining the Phenomenon of Happiness in the Context of Religiosity Essence”. darulfunun ilahiyat 31/2 (Apr. 2024): 247-274. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2020.31.2.0012



TIMELINE


Submitted12.05.2020
Accepted31.10.2020
Published Online25.12.2020

LICENCE


Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)

This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.


SHARE




Istanbul University Press aims to contribute to the dissemination of ever growing scientific knowledge through publication of high quality scientific journals and books in accordance with the international publishing standards and ethics. Istanbul University Press follows an open access, non-commercial, scholarly publishing.