Kayode

Samuel

Olufemi

Noise in the City: A Socio-Spatial Analysis of the Actual and Perceived  Noise Levels in a Medium-Sized Urban Center

Zekeriya

Res. Assist.

Erkin

The increasing energy demand in the world pushes countries to meet this demand each year from renewable resources in addition to fossil fuels. Based on sustainability and environmental impact factors, renewable energy sources have become extremely important. Wind energy is a renewable energy source, whose capacity is increasing both at home and abroad.In this study, the most suitable WPP installation site for Tunceli was determined by using Best-Worst Metot (BWM)-GIS in an integrated manner. In this context, a total of 16 criteria were determined based on the liter ature and the characteristics of the study area, which were then evaluated by experts and used in the study. Since wind power plant location selection is an interdisciplinary problem, experts from different fields were consulted in the criteria evaluation. The expert team consisted of experts in the fields including geography, industrial engineers, surveyors, geology, energy systems engineering, disaster management, and renewable energy resources. These experts filled out the questionnaires (Table 3), and the criteria weights were calculated using the LINGO 19.0 software according to the formula suggested by the best-worst method (BWM). BWM is an MCDM method based on pairwise comparison. BWM outputs were transferred to the GIS, an overlapping analysis was applied using the “Weight Sum” tool from ArcGIS tools, and suitable areas for RES installation were determined.&nbsp;For Tunceli, the most suitable WPP areas proposed within the scope of the study constitute a limited area. These areas are partly the northern periphery of Pülümür and the environs of Pertek and Mazgirt. According to the study outputs, the “less suitable” and “not suitable” fields correspond to a fairly wide area owing to the wind speed in the Tunceli province and the difficult physical geographical conditions of the region. Especially in Munzur and Mercan Mountains located in the northern part of the study area, the altitude reaches 3,000 m and has considerably high slope values. Likewise, in most parts of the study area, the elevation and slope values are quite high. In addition, except for certain regions of the study area (partially north of Pülümür and around Pertek and Mazgirt), the wind speed is substantially low. Therefore, based on the effect of these conditions, suitable areas in the WPP installation coincided with a limited area.Within the scope of the study, field studies were conducted in the areas most suitable for the WPP installation. Fieldwork is critical for the comparison of the analysis results with the real area. In this direction, necessary comparisons were drawn and locations possibly suitable for the WPP installation were shown. Despite the integrated use of BWM-GIS in this study, certain limitations exist. Within the scope of the study, a total of 16 criteria were used among only four main criteria. The output of the study agrees with these criteria. In addition, technical details such as wind turbine type and shape have not been considered and were evaluated in general, which was another limitation of the study. More precise results can be achieved if the number of criteria and turbine type are considered in detail in future studies.Based on the results of this study, places with high elevation, very high slope, very dense forests, and those far from main roads and power lines correspond to “less suitable” and “unsuitable” areas. These areas are mostly located around the Munzur and Mercan mountain ranges, around the Munzur and Pülümür valleys, and high areas in the north of Hozat and Çemişgezek. These areas have limited settlement with difficult physical and climatic conditions. Therefore, such areas are not only suitable for WPP installation but also for various human activities.

A BWM-GIS Based Approach for Wind Power Plant (WPP) Site Selection: Sample of Tunceli

Pankaj

Ashwanı

Satyam

Swati

Dilip

V.a.v Raman

Vulnerability of Tribal Communities to Climate Variability in Lahaul  and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India

Mücahit

Prof. Dr.

Hüseyin

Onur

Ahmet

Air pollution is a well-known factor that affects the natural atmosphere when its concentration reaches a certain level. Additionally, a national act, the Air Quality Assessment and Management Regulation, has been introduced to establish minimum levels for smoke, dust, gas, vapor, and aerosol concentrations in the air (URL 1; URL 2). According to a recent report (THHP, 2021), PM10, PM2.5, SO2, O3, and NO2 values from 98% of 175 stations in Turkey were found to exceed the value (20 µg/m3) defined by the World Health Organization. Moreover, the air quality of some cities is more heavily influenced by urbanization, fossil fuel usage, and topographic and meteorological factors (Çiftçi et al., 2013). In Iğdır, geomorphological structures limit the horizontal movement of air parcels and create an inversion layer (Koç, 2018). However, there has been little quantitative analysis of air quality to guide urban growth in Iğdır. This study aims to address the lack of suitability analysis based on air quality and risk mapping in Iğdır. The suitability of urban growth will be analyzed using Google Earth Engine (GEE) data sets (NO2, SO2, CO, UV aerosol index [UVAI]), O3, Formaldehyde (HCHO), and ABL [Aerosol Boundary Layer]) with the Best–Worst Method (BWM).Iğdır city center is situated at an average altitude of 850 m. The Iğdır Province is depicted in Figure 1. The Iğdır Plain was formed by the Aras River through alluvial deposition. The prevailing wind direction is over the depression of the Iğdır Plain. Figure 3 shows the frequency of annual winds. The geomorphological structure of the city provides benefits in terms of climate and agriculture.Data for NO2, SO2, CO, UVAI, O3, HCHO, and ABL were obtained from Sentinel-5P TROPOMI (TROPOspheric monitoring instrument) in the GEE data collection. The data is collected by Landsat, MODIS, NOAA AVHRR, and ALOS remote sensing platforms (Amani et al., 2020). First, pollutant data was correlated to the city center via principal component analysis (PCA) to reveal risk fields. PCA is a linear analysis tool used to reduce a large raw data matrix to only its principal components (Tezbaşaran &amp; Gelbal, 2018; Yi &amp; Latch, 2022). Then, the pollutants were analyzed using one of the multivariate analysis techniques, the BWM. The BWM analysis indicated the suitability for urban growth. The closer the BWM result is to zero, the more reliable the data are (Badri Ahmadi et al., 2017).The concentrations of six different pollutants were distributed throughout Iğdır. The concentration of NO2 ranged between 0.0000125 and 0.000032 mol/m2 . Figure 4 shows that the concentration is higher in the northern region of the city center and lower in the southern region, where the elevation is higher. SO2 production is typically caused by the use of fossil fuels, and the average concentration ranges between 0.0000219–0.000231 mol/m2 (Figure 4). High levels of SO2 were observed in low-lying areas. The distribution of CO concentrations followed a similar pattern to that of NO2 concentrations, with higher levels in the north and lower levels (0.0207–0.0316 mol/m2 ) in areas with higher elevation (Figure 4). The city center of Iğdır had higher values of HCHO, while the rest of the region exhibited values between 0.0000708 and 0.000131 mol/m2 (Figure 4). Although positive values of the aerosol index resulted in negative health effects, the area of interest did not show positive aerosol index values (−1.23, −0.488), as shown in Figure 4. Tropospheric ozone, which results from reactions with other pollutants in the atmosphere, exhibited a similar trend to NO2 and CO, being lower at higher elevations. Its concentration ranged between 0.1362–0.1394 mol/m2 (Figure 4). Aerosol height varied between 934–3020 m (Figure 10). The plain region of Iğdır represents the lowest aerosol layer height (934–1240 m) . Moreover, the height of the aerosol layer defines the highest level of particles in the atmosphere. Low aerosol layer height increases the risk of pollution evolution. Gaseous pollutants were found to be at their maximum during the winter (Figure 11). The highest wind speed in the region is approximately 1.4 m/s. The lack of wind throughout the year increases the air pollution.Despite its small population, Iğdır suffers greatly from air pollution. The study shows that the city center and northern part of the plain are affected by pollution the most. Furthermore, height of the aerosol layer indicates the atmospheric vertical boundary for the pollutants. Thus, high pressure (917.8 hPa) in the atmosphere causes the pollutants to accumulate in the plain region. Due to the low temperatures (annual average is 12.2°C and lowest is −3.3°C), an inversion layer forms, thus limiting the movement of pollutants in the region. The air pollution risk map shows the highest risk in the northern part of the plain (Figure 13).Based on this analysis, it can be inferred that a suitable urban growth area can be selected within the altitude range of 1000 to 1500 meters, as depicted in Figure 14. It is recommended that the settlement be located above the highest measured altitude for inversion and the aerosol layer, which is at 1100 meters (as shown in Figure 15).&nbsp;

Air Quality Issues and Settlement Suitability Analysis in Iğdır Central District

Postmodernity is characterized by an emphasis on heterogeneity, uniqueness, and difference. Geography, which has studied spatial differences since its inception, also offers a postmodern perspective. Michel Foucault, a pioneer of postmodernism, favored the application of difference, fragmentation, and discontinuity, the use of multiple forms of analysis, micro-analysis interwoven with macro-analysis, and pure thought combined with precise historiography analysis. Foucault developed the concept of “heterotopia” by asserting that space has a heterogeneous structure. Various scholars have interpreted this concept differently, and some criticisms have been made. Heterotopia, which Foucault uses to describe the escape and emancipation of the body from the hegemonic order, is a place for those who do not readily adapt to predetermined structures. It offers alternative spaces in a society that lives in conformity. Within heterotopias, there are also contradictions and conflict. “Halaza spaces” that emerge and find the opportunity to develop in socially disordered environments that emerge with the loss of the effect of existing rules and norms during disintegration, transition, or rapid change, are also a form of heterotopia. They are independent and disconnected free spaces that develop outside the control of sovereign powers. They are highly reflexive, more resistant and durable, and always open to change and transformation because they do not develop under someone’s control. reflexive.Soğanlı was a village located 5 km north of the city center of Bursa, and it was incorporated into the city in 1984 as a neighborhood. In 1935, Tabakhaneler Region settled on the land of Soğanlı village, and in 1938, the Sümerbank Merino Wool Industrial Weaving Factory was established. However, the expansion of the city toward the lands of this village began with the opening of the intercity bus terminal in 1961 at the location of the current Bursa City Square and the development of the automotive industry site in Gaziakdemir District. The Tuna, Çirişhane, and Fatih neighborhoods began to take shape with the unplanned urbanization that began in the 1970s with Küplüpınar and spread along the Yalova Road. With the development of Alemdar and Çiftehavuzlar in the 1980s, Soğanlı village became a part of the city, and in 1984, the remaining parts of the village were incorporated into the municipal boundaries. Our research focuses on Kanalboyu Street, which was developed from the mid-1970s to the 1990s along the Cilimboz Creek that flows through this village. Just after the construction was completed in 2009, hedge plants and trees were planted along the creek’s walls, which were incorporated into the canal. Consequently, the creek in the middle of the street has been altered into a park. Neighborhoods on both sides of the street consist of houses on rather narrow, unpaved streets lined with irregular structures. When vehicles are parked on these narrow streets, it becomes impossible for both vehicles and pedestrians to move. On both sides of Kanalboyu Street, the population density in an area of 1 decare is 35 people per square meter. In other words, 55,000 individuals reside 500 meters east and west of the street. We can think of Kanalboyu Street, the part of the city that spontaneously developed in an irregular and unplanned manner—a spontaneously unplanned irregular heterotopic escape area—as a breathing space, a corridor for the people trapped in this congested section of the city.In 21st-century urban areas, escaping reality requires shifting away from settled or everyday environments and moving closer to the outdoors and nature. Our research area, Kanalboyu Street, is where those who try to escape the mundanity and gloom of the surrounding neighborhoods come to rest and relax. Additionally, they can indeed find almost everything they need in the shops that line the street, and they can buy more cheaply, freely, and outdoors. Kanalboyu Street is not only a place to breathe, relax, and spend time but also marks the connection between the inhabitants of this neighborhood and the rest of the world. In other words, the most important function of Kanalboyu Street is that it serves as a transportation corridor, allowing residents to access nearly all parts of the city. Another key function of Kanalboyu Street is that, as a commercial area, it meets nearly all the needs of a medium-sized city and provides shopping opportunities, as nearly all types of commerce and workplaces are located along the street. Moreover, cultural and health functions are provided by educational and medical institutions and workplaces located on and around the street. When analyzing the functional characteristics of Kanalboyu Street, we find that, despite its location on the periphery of a big city such as Bursa, its business and commercial areas can meet nearly all the basic needs of the surrounding population, as if it were the center of an independent settlement. This situation reveals a heterotopic structure in which a significant element of the city’s functions is carried out outside the central business district.In the neighborhoods on both sides of Kanalboyu Street, there is a heterogeneous population consisting of the residents of the old Soğanlı village, the majority of whom are from Bursa districts, and those from almost every other region of the country, particularly the Balkans, Eastern Anatolia, and the Black Sea provinces. It is possible to draw important inferences about the identity, culture, and ties of the places where these people originated based on the place names constructed by people from various locations. From this perspective, examining the names of Kanalboyu Street’s workplaces affords highly meaningful results.With the expansion of Bursa City toward the plain, Kanalboyu Street, formed by unplanned irregular construction along the Cilimboz Creek, which joins the Nilüfer Stream, is an alternative space that shares the functions of the central business district. It is a place of sanctuary for those who feel stressed by the city’s irregular and extremely narrow streets, its unplanned development, and its haphazard buildings. It also serves as a highly active transportation corridor and a significant entertainment district for locals. With these characteristics, the area has emerged as a heterotopic escape territory.

A Heterotopian Escape Space in Bursa: Kanalboyu Street

Neslihan

Ebru

Drought is a natural disaster that develops slowly but has a huge impact. The distribution of water resources and precipitation is uneven worldwide, and water is a cycle. Turkey is located in a semiarid/semihumid climatic region, and if a drought disaster occurs, different regions can be affected in various ways. Taking measures before a crisis occurs can delay or reduce the severity of disasters. Therefore, it is essential to harvest rainwater in suitable areas. Water harvesting techniques reduce the effects of water scarcity and drought by collecting rainwater in arid regions (Kuzucu, 2019: 577). The process of accumulating or storing rainwater falling on the surface in arid and semiarid areas with little or no precipitation is known as “water harvesting” (Oweis, et al., 2001: 3; Kuzucu 2013: 6). Water harvesting is a method that has been in use for 40–50 years in many arid regions worldwide. This method is particularly useful in deserts and dry areas with annual precipitation of 50–80 mm (Köksal, 2000; Kuzucu 2013: 3).To ensure maximum efficiency in water harvesting projects, suitable areas are identified using multicriteria decision methods, remote sensing, and geographic information systems. By conserving water, it is possible to achieve positive effects such as reducing the severity of drought or delaying its onset.Long-range meteorology bulletin, monthly, annual, and average data of precipitation and temperature parameters of Finike Meteorology Station, located in the lower part of the Akçay basin, were obtained from the GDM in 4 region.A location map that denotes the study area’s boundaries and location along with topography, slope, hydrology, soil, and land use maps was obtained from General Directorate of Maps (GDM). A temperature distribution map was created using the Lapse rate formula in the ArcGIS 10.5 program, and precipitation distribution maps were created using Kriging analysis.The standardized precipitation index (SPI) is the most used index to determine drought conditions in any region (Türkeş, 2012: 15). Using the method developed by Mckee et al., (1993), the SPI value is calculated by converting the precipitation value into a numerical value (Arslan et al., 2016: 190). This index can be calculated for different periods, such as 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 48 months. To accurately calculate SPI values, at least 30 years of data are necessary (Mckee et al., 1993; Arslan et al., 2016: 191). To ensure accuracy, 51 years of data (1970–2021) were used in this study, and the “SPI SL 6.exe” program was used for calculation.The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method is the most used method for eligibility analysis (Güler and Yomralıoğlu, 2017; Uyan, 2017; Gürkan et al., 2021; Ödeker and Bayar, 2021; Akıncı et al., 2015; Ertunç and Çay, 2020; Akıncı et al., 2012; Yalçın and Yüce, 2018). Herein, six criteria were first determined using the AHP method: slope, land use, geology, stream distance, rainfall, and temperature. To evaluate the importance of these criteria, 15 comparative matrices were created, and 10 experts were asked to complete a questionnaire using Saaty’s 1–9 scale. The geometric averages of the completed questionnaires were used to calculate consistency and weight ratios. The “Super Decisions” program was utilized to determine the weights of each criterion. These weights were then used in the reclassification process of the maps using the ArcGIS 10.5 program. The resulting “Reclassified” maps were overlapped with the “Weighted Overlay” analysis to identify suitable potential areas using spatial analysis.This study utilized various methods and techniques. The standardized precipitation index was used to examine drought, and an annual average drought analysis was conducted for the basin. Suitability analysis methods were employed to identify potential areas for water harvesting. The analytical hierarchy process, a multicriteria decision-making method, played a crucial role in this study. This method helped determine the criteria and their weights, creating a vector of priorities. Criteria classification was done using the obtained weight values and geographic information systems, and a map showing suitable areas was generated using the weighted overlay method.Based on data from the Finike Meteorology Station, the annual average drought analysis of the standardized precipitation index between 1973 and 2021 showed that the area was neither completely dry nor completely humid. However, the last three years had more severe dry periods compared to previous years.Geographic information systems were used to determine potential areas for water harvesting and conduct spatial analysis. However, it is important to note that these systems require additional methods, such as analytical hierarchy, to support them. Herein, criteria were determined, expert opinions were used to determine their weights, classification was performed, and then weighted overlapping analysis was applied. This led to the identification of strong suitable areas, moderately suitable areas, low-level suitable areas, and unsuitable areas in the Akçay basin for water harvesting.&nbsp;

Drought Features of the Akçay Lower Catchment Area (Antalya/Finike) and Identifying  Potential Areas for Water Harvesting in the Basin

Candan

Uğur

Evolution of Autumn Leaf Coloration of Torminalis glaberrima Grown  in Isparta, Türkiye

Cemil

Annual Mean Total Precipitation Reconstruction of the Elmacık  Mountain and Its Surroundings for 1858-2015 Using Scotch Pine Tree  Rings

Yasin

Assist. Prof.

Cemile

Assoc. Prof.

Koray

Slow City and Tourism Coexistence

İsmet

Merve

Burcu

Mehmet

A Bibliometric Analysis of Mountain Research Literature on Journal of Mountain Research and Development: Current Situation and Future Directions

Fethi

Projecting Agricultural Land Abandonment and Expansion in  Turkiye Using the Subspace KNN Algorithm (2030)

İlker

Trend Analysis of Precipitation in the Thrace Peninsula

Rifat

Aylin

Sabah

Serdar

Ertuğ

Tarsus Plain is a part of the Çukurova Deltas Complex and is located in a region bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Bolkar Mountains to the north and northwest, and the Misis Mountains to the east. With a historical past dating back to 7,000 BC, Cilicia was one of the most important settlements of the region in the ancient period, and Gözlükule Mound is located on the northern edge of the Tarsus Plain. In order to reveal the paleogeographic development of the Tarsus Plain and how the Gözlükule Mound in the region was affected by natural environmental changes, the study reevaluates within its scope sediment samples that had been taken from core drillings in the region.A laser-diffraction grain-size analysis was carried out over 300 sediment samples taken from different depths, as well as an elemental analysis using the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) method on 145 sediment samples. In addition, a carbon-nitrogen-sulfur (CNS) analysis, total organic carbon (TOC) and total inorganic carbon (TIC) analysis, and paleontological analysis were also conducted on 150 sediment samples. A total of five radiocarbon-14 (RC-14) analyses were conducted with the support of Ege University Scientific Research Project Nos. SHD-2021-22452 and SYL-2020-22305.To determine the delta development in the Tarsus Plain as well as in the old lagoon and marsh areas in the region, XRF, CNS, and carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N ratio) elemental analyses were performed on 150 sediment samples. In addition to the calcium-to-potassium (Ca/K) ratio in the sediment content, the high TIC ratio explains the dominance of marine sediments. The high zirconium-to-rubidium (Zr/Rb) ratio indicates the accumulation of sandy material. However, the sediment samples that were determined to be marine were also seen to have high levels of titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), and strontium (Sr). The environment is explained to have been lagoonal through the high chlorine (Cl), sulfur (S), and calcium (Ca) ratios found in the sediment. The analysis results determined that coastal dunes had provided the formation of the lagoon and reflect the transition. Accordingly, the Ca/K, Cl, S, and TOC ratios decreased, The Si and TIC ratios increased due to the formation of dunes. A high K ratio is also identified in flood plain sediments.The granulometric analysis of 300 samples from drilling sediments graded the grain size poorly or very poorly at depths reflecting the flood plain sediments. However, the average grain size was seen to range between 3-10 microns. Due to the flooding present in river dynamics, average grain size reaches up to 39 microns at some levels. At the depths determined as the old river bed, the average particle size distribution reached up to 800 microns, with the sediment structure showing very poor grading. These levels contain coarse grains as well as all sizes of sand, silt, and clay. At levels reflecting the marine environment, the average grain size of the sediment is 50 microns, with the sediment being coarse, silty, and poorly graded. In the lagoon environment, this took on a very fine sandy structure with an average grain size of 200 microns.The fossils in the sediment samples taken from the boreholes made significant contributions to the research in terms of their habitats. The macro- and micro-fossils found in the sediment samples taken from the boreholes in the Tarsus Plain and around the Gözlükule Mound prove the environmental characteristics that were interpreted from the sedimentological point of view. The changes in the coastline in the Holocene in particular provided indicators for determining whether the Gözlükule Mound and the city of Tarsus had been coastal settlements during these periods; whether the Rhegma (Rhegmoi) Lagoon, whose existence appears in historical narratives, had also existed as the plain developed, and whether a harbor town called Aulai had also existed.The natural environment around the Gözlükule Mound has changed considerably from the Neolithic era to the present. This change occurred mostly in the alluvial area and along the shoreline. The Tarsus Plain and Gözlükule Mound were never located on the coast, nor did the sea penetrate inland this far. The sea had risen rapidly and transgressed around Tarsus. It must have advanced on the old plain surface, which had been shaped under terrestrial conditions compared to the pre-Holocene floor level, and is now located under today’s alluvium area. According to the results on the drillings, the sea had penetrated up to 5 km south of the Gözlükule Mound during this period.Over the course of time, the settlement that started in Gözlükule Mound expanded to the present city area. Meanwhile, a lagoon began to develop in the south, and the port city of Tarsus, called Rhegma as well as Aulai, was established on the shore of this lagoon. In this&nbsp;&nbsp;period, Tarsus became the most important city of the region with its geographical location and inner harbor. As the Rhegma lagoon filled with alluvium and turned into a lake and then into a large swamp, Tarsus being 15-16 km away from the coast ceased to be a city connected to the sea.According to the results of the multiple analysis methods that were carried out, the coastline had intruded to the north in the direction of Tarsus and Gözlükule Mound via transgression in the Early Holocene; it moved towards the plain again in the Middle and Late Holocene alongside the alluvia carried by the Tarsus Stream and the Seyhan and Ceyhan rivers in the region. Based on the processes that developed in the Middle and Late Holocene, a lagoon (Rhegma) was formed to the south of Gözlükule Mound. With the continued accumulation, the lagoon environment gradually turned into a lake before then becoming a wetland in the delta-flood plain. Wetlands in the form of swamps remain as current traces of these processes over the plain except where they were dried by drainage works. Today, the Karabucak swamp in the south Tarsus Plain is the last remnant of these environments.&nbsp;

Paleogeography of the Tarsus Plain and Geoarchaeology of Gözlükule Mound in Light of a  Multi-Proxy Analysis

Gülşah

Hilal

The Resilience of Sustainable Climate-Sensitive Cities in the  COVID-19 Pandemic

Mazlum

Relational Space: Football as a Meta Fetishism

Barbaros

Prof.

Journal of Geography Editorial Pre-Evaluation Criteria

Article Submissions

@JOURNAL_BOX_CURRENT

@JOURNAL_BOX_EARLYVIEW

Gülcan

Kadir

Yolcu

There is a common rhetoric among those who have been living in Istanbul for a relatively long time: these areas used to be fields or swamps. This sentence is of key importance in making sense of the urban development of Istanbul. Indeed, the inclusion of a new district or municipality in the urban area in Istanbul can happen in only a short period of time in a human lifetime. For these areas, the beginning of the story often happens in a similar way and for similar reasons. Intense migration, industrialization and informal settlement are the most frequent reasons. However, as the narrative progresses, different processes and conclusions for each place are listed one after the other. This is reflected above all in the spatial fabric of the related sites. Therefore, the analysis of the fabric of the city is very important for interpreting both the development of these areas and their current problems. With this approach this study focuses on Bağcılar, a settlement area with one of the most problematic spatial structures in the urban area of Istanbul.&nbsp;In this context, two different data sources have been used in the study. The first source is comprised of images with sub-meter resolution obtained by remote sensing techniques. They provide an adequate framework for an object-oriented interpretation of the city’s texture and evolution. The second data type is comprised of positional information of recently closed and currently existing enterprises. The enterprises have been spatially coded and the representative texture of both closed and existing enterprises have been analyzed. Thus, the association between the perceived shape of the city from a given height and the utilization under that structure has been established.&nbsp;The findings of the study can be collected under four different categories. The first is that the oil stain growth, which has been the basic course of development in Istanbul until this period, has been relatively ineffective in Bağcılar. The development of the Bağcılar urban area initially started in the form of sprawling. Every area in the district was covered with buildings within a short time, so much so that in many places the land cover is comprised only of buildings and roads. Therefore, the phenomenon of sprawling is limited to a short-term effect. The second category includes change in the forms of housing presentation and their asymmetrical appearance. Gecekondu, which were widespread in the urban area of Istanbul until the 1980s, have been partially interrupted in Bağcılar and replaced by apartment buildings. At the beginning of the 2000s, luxury housing presentation forms became widespread in the district. Some stand side by side and are often in zoned areas for various sectors, while others are found irregularly dispersed among industrial plants. When they all converge, spatial conflicts increase. The third is the transformation observed in various parts of the city in recent years, especially in large industrial buildings. These structures are being replaced with Istanbul’s favorite projects. However, this change does not mean that the industrial sectors of both Istanbul and Bağcılar are on the decline. While large enterprises are dispersed in various parts of Istanbul, small facilities still dominate the spatial outlook of Bağcılar. The last textural feature is based on the distribution pattern of enterprises. The positional information indicates that enterprises have chosen a location in the city according to their wishes, except for a few restricted zones. This means that even discordant sectors are located side by side and on top of each other. The fact that the enterprises which are closing down have the same distribution pattern as the existing ones is a reflection of the recurrence of the problems. In short, the irregular structure formed by the buildings deforms their utilization.&nbsp;In conclusion, the premature evolution of Bağcılar has caused a problematic structure in its existing texture. Although today there are some attempts to regulate the texture of the city, it is not easy to realize this in one of the busiest settlements of Istanbul. Even the ratio of the site that is planned to be restructured is as high as 70%. In short, Bağcılar faces a pathological problem. This problem has resulted in the residents of the district leaving the area. Indeed, the population of the district has started to decrease for the first time in the last few years.

The Cellular Dimension of the City: An Essay on Bağcılar (İstanbul)

Diyar

Mesut

Qualitative and quantitative research techniques were employed in the study. Quantitative data: In the light of the bulletins published by Directorate General of Migration Management and based on the data regarding the students in various age groups who attended schools in 2018- 2019 academic year in Şanlıurfa province by districts and schools obtained from PICTES Department of Şanlıurfa Provincial Directorate for National Education, the neighborhoods where the schools are located were determined and distribution maps for the districts and neighborhoods were prepared. Qualitative techniques: In-depth interviews and participant observation techniques were used with 20 Syrian families to determine the situation of Syrian refugees. The questions were prepared for participants in advance, but additional questions were also asked in the course of interviews. Unique contents of the obtained data were adhered to, and the analyses were made based on the citations from the statements of participants. In order to obtain more realistic results from the study, snowball sampling or the chain sampling technique was used in neighborhoods where spatial clustering was intense.Şanlıurfa is one of the provinces affected most by the civil war in Syria. Determination of the number of Syrian students attending schools in various age groups, determination of the spatial clustering of Syrian refugees in the Şanlıurfa province, determination of the relationship between the spaces where distribution is intense and socio-economical structure, being able to make integration plans by age groups, and socio-economical, cultural and spatial influences of Syrian refugees on the city are the factors that make this study significant.Obtaining important results at the end of the face-to-face interviews made with Syrian refugees regarding their status before migration, migration processes, their nutrition and sheltering, their belonging, relationships with local community and repatriation after the war are other factors which make this study important.The distribution of Syrian students in the Şanlıurfa province by districts and neighborhoods helped us gain insight about the distribution of Syrian refugees in the province. Accordingly, it was observed that the refugees prefer to settle in the Akçakale, Ceylanpınar and Suruç districts as they are located on the border, and in the Haliliye and Eyyübiye districts as there are more employment opportunities, possibilities and a chance to have an urban life-style in these districts. The number of Syrian refugees in the Birecik and Viranşehir districts is higher than that of the Bozova, Halfeti, Hilvan and Siverek districts because they are located on the historical Silk Road. Bozova, Hilvan and Halfeti are socio-economically underdeveloped districts and consequently, the distribution of Syrian refugees in these districts is not high.&nbsp;The distribution of Syrian refugees by neighborhoods is shaped depending on the socio-economical structure. While the distribution in rural neighborhoods is low, the areas in the cities where there are central working areas and where the home rental prices are low are preferred. In the Haliliye and Eyyübiye districts where the distribution of refugees is high, the highest distribution of refugees is observed in Devteşti, Bağlarbaşı, Süleymaniye, Ahmet Yesevi, Cengiz Topel, Bamyasuyu, Şehitlik, Yeşil Direk, İmam Bakır, Şair Nabi, Sancaktar, Hayatı Harrani, Eyüpkent, Direkli, Akşemsettin, Eyyüpnebi, Muradiye, Akabe, Topdağı, Haleplibahçe, Kurtuluş, Onikiler and Hakimdede neighborhoods. Some of these neighborhoods constitute the core of Şanlıurfa province, but squatting is rather high in some others as a result of migration from rural areas and people from low income groups are settled in them. For this reason, the Syrians who have economic difficulties are mostly distributed in these neighborhoods.Even though the consequences of businesses started by Syrians in business centers are positive in terms of supply and demand in Şanlıurfa, as in many other provinces, the local community shows individual and mass reactions to Syrians as they are regarded as low-cost labor and the number of unemployed persons in the province has increased. Even though social and spatial clusters formed by Syrian refugees have positive consequences in terms of having their own identity and culture, this seems to create problems in respect to their sense of belonging and social cohesion. As a matter of fact, it is observed that neighbor relations are weakened and exclusion has increased after 2017. Furthermore, the provision of healthcare and education services to Syrian refugees for free sets off reactions among the local community.One of the issues that makes it difficult for female Syrian refugees to fit into society is the perspective of the local community on female children or women. Seeing Syrian women as a purchasable and sellable commodity, having them as second wives, getting them to marry with old persons for money make it difficult for female refugees to fit into the community.As a consequence, Syrian refugees have become one of the most important problems for our country. Although the local community exhibits some exclusionary behaviors against the Syrians, the majority of the participants are not considering going back to Syria for security reasons.

Spatial Analysis of Syrian Refugees: The Şanlıurfa Case

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A coast is a geomorphological unit with unique characteristics representing a landform in-between a body of water (marine, lake, river) and a land environment (Turoğlu, 2017a). Due to its widespread use in this study, the water body is referred to here as the “Sea”. The “Marine Coastal Borderline” is the sea-side border of the coast and the “Terrestrial Coastal Borderline” represents the border of the coast on the land side. The area between these two borders is a landform, a geomorphic unit, termed a “Coast”. The line formed by the points where the sea water touches the land is defined as the “Shoreline” (Erinç, 1971; Turoğlu, 2017a). The Nearshore, Foreshore, and Backshore are all parts of a natural coast (Erol, 1991; Turoğlu, 2017a). The parts of a natural coast are determined based on geomorphological, hydrographic, biogeographical and sedimentological evidence (Edwards, 2001; Bird, 2008; DavidsonArnott, 2010; Erginal &amp; Öztürk, 2010; Karunarathna, 2012; Avcı, 2017). Artificial coasts arise from filling of the sea either legally or illegally for various reasons (Anthony, 1994; Kelletat, 1995; Hudson, 1980; Szabó, 2010; Kobayashia, 2015; Li et al., 2017; Turoğlu, 2019). Problems are experienced in construing the geomorphological definition of an artificial coast along with its planning and usage, property issues, etc. In order to solve these problems, Turkish Coastal Law was taken as the basis of this study and expert opinions were obtained. Moreover, it should be noted that different assessments have been made of similar problems.This study aims to provide a geomorphological description of artificial coasts in which the natural shore, natural coastal parts and boundary features are discussed as well as their meaning and significance in the legal framework of artificial coastal geomorphology. The geomorphology of the Diliskelesi (Koceli, Turkey) coast was selected as the case study area because it has examples of typical artificial coastal features. The subject was investigated working with 1:18000 scale aerial photographs from 1962 and 1976, current Google Earth images, a 1:25000 scale topography map dated from 1972, old photos, bathymetry data, and ArcMap 10.2 software. The evaluation results were tested and verified with field observations.“Diliskelesi coast” as a geomorphologic unit is described as having artificial coastal geomorphology. From the 1962 aerial photographs, it is understood that the geomorphology of the study area was a natural coast consisting of “Narrow-High Coast” and “Large-Low Coast” types. In the early 1960s, during the construction of a railway line and tunnel, the sea was filled with excavated material, representing the first stage in Diliskelesi becoming an artificial coast. In the following years, filling the harbour/port along with dock construction continued and the current artificial coast was formed. The area and dimensions of the artificial coast were determined by evaluating drilling data and old photographs. The thickness of the artificial filler, depth of marine sediments, bedrock depths and drilling locations were used as the determinative data.&nbsp;As a result, the coast was transformed into the current geomorphological unit. Indicator evidence defines the coast as being shaped and developed under the influence of current morphodynamic factors and processes. The coast now being artificial may cause differences in the activity of current morphodynamic factors and processes but does not change the reality of the “current coast” from the geomorphological perspective. Morphodynamic factors and processes continue to affect erosion, transportation and accumulation based on the characteristics of man-made artificial coastal geomorphology, maintaining the shape of the new artificial coast. The previous natural coast is now an old (paleo) coast, and has geomorphologically lost its coastal nature. The usage of artificial coasts and property problems are different aspects of the issue and should be evaluated within the framework of legal regulations.

Geomorphological Identification of Artificial Coasts: The Case of Diliskelesi (Kocaeli, Turkey)

Taner

Sedat

Meral

Evaluation of the Vegetation Period According to Climate Change Scenarios: A Case Study in the Inner West Anatolia Subregion of Turkey

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Journal of Geography - Coğrafya Dergisi is an open access, peer-reviewed, scholarly journal published two times a year in June and December. It has been published since 1985. The manuscripts submitted for publication in the journal must be scientific and original work in Turkish or English.

Journal of Geography - Coğrafya Dergisi is a journal devoted to the publication of research which utilizes geographic approaches (physical, human, natural environment and GIS science) to resolve natural and human problems that have a spatiotemporal dimension. Published since 1985, it is one of the oldest geography journal in Turkey. The underlying motive of the journal is to create a platform for the works that produce scientific solutions for social, physical and nature-human relations and the understanding of its system.

Papers are invited on any theme involving the application of geographical science (physical and human dimension) and methodology in the redress of human and physical environmental problems.

Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)

EBSCO

ERIH PLUS

TR Dizin

DOAJ

SOBIAD

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@METRIC_ISSUES

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Journal of Geography

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Editor in Chief

Co Editor in Chief

Editorial Management Board Member

Language Editor

Editorial Assistant

Editorial Board Member

@INFO_TAB_BOARDS

Journal of Geography - Coğrafya Dergisi is an open access, peer-reviewed, scholarly journal published two times a year in June and December. It has been published since 1985. The manuscripts submitted for publication in the journal must be scientific and original work in Turkish or English.Journal of Geography - Coğrafya Dergisi is a journal devoted to the publication of research which utilizes geographic approaches (physical, human, natural environment and GIS science) to resolve natural and human problems that have a spatiotemporal dimension. Published since 1985, it is one of the oldest geography journal in Turkey. The underlying motive of the journal is to create a platform for the works that produce scientific solutions for social, physical and nature-human relations and the understanding of its system.Papers are invited on any theme involving the application of geographical science (physical and human dimension) and methodology in the redress of human and physical environmental problems.

Aim and Scope

<ul><li>ESCI (Emerging Sources Citation Index)</li><li>TÜBİTAK-ULAKBİM TR Dizin</li><li>DOAJ</li><li>Erih Plus</li><li>SOBİAD</li><li>EBSCO Humanities Source</li><li>EBSCO Central &amp; Eastern European Academic Source </li></ul>

Indexing and Abstracting

The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a> The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the Journal. Only those manuscripts approved by every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the Journal requires written permission of all declared authors.Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviors. All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. Plagiarism Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. If plagiarism/self-plagiarism will be found authors will be informed. Editors may resubmit manuscript for similarity check at any peer-review or production stage if required. High similarity scores may lead to rejection of a manuscript before and even after acceptance. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity score taken from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 15 or 20%. Double Blind Peer-Review After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by the editors-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The editor provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles and hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Policies

The journal is an open access journal and all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read" target="_blank">BOAI</a> definition of open access.The open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) license.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Authors publishing with the journal retain the copyright to their work licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</a>  ) and grant the Publisher non-exclusive commercial right to publish the work. CC BY-NC 4.0 license permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Editor should consider publishing correction if minor errors that do not effect the results, interpretations and conclusions of the published paper are detected. Editor should consider retraction if major errors and/or misconduction that invalidate results and conclusions are detected.Editor should consider issuing an expression of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are not reliable and institutions of the authors do not investigate the case or the possible investigation seems to be unfair or nonconclusive. The guidelines of <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> and <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> are taken into consideration regarding correction, retractions or expression of concern.

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark which serves as a  national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to  collect, preserve, and serve the content.Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with  that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of IUPress journal website.

Journal of Geography - Coğrafya Dergisi is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Each manuscript is reviewed by one of the editors and at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. In accordance with the code of conduct we will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing.

Ethics

Journal of Geography adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.-    Principles of integrity, quality and ransparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.-    The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.-    The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.-    Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.-    Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.-    The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.-    In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.-    If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.-    In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/D8118B05B20F4CA89121B94820711AFC" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>. The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment.When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor-in-Chief to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editors evaluate manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. They provide a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication. They ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editors are responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. They must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers evaluate manuscripts based on content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. They must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers should identify the relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. They must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the Editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the Editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The reviewers are not allowed to have copies of the manuscripts for personal use and they cannot share manuscripts with others. Unless the authors and editor permit, the reviews of referees cannot be published or disclosed. The anonymity of the referees is important. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by editor-in-chief  upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing. Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed. Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal. Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective. Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side. A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process. The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Peer Review

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.  The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international external referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by editor-in-chief  upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor-in-chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts. Editor in chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.-    Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?-    Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?-    Is the problem significant and concisely stated?-    Are the methods described comprehensively?-    Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?-    Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?-    Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

LanguageThe language of the journal is both Turkish and English.Manuscript Organization and FormatAll correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified. Manuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iucografya" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iucografya</a> and it must be accompanied by a cover letter indicating that the manuscript is intended for publication, specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist). In addition, a <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/D8118B05B20F4CA89121B94820711AFC" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted.<ol><li>The manuscripts should be with 2.5 cm margins from right, left, bottom and top, Times New Roman font style in 10 font size and line spacing of 1.5.</li><li>The manuscripts should be 25 pages at most and the page numbers should be at the top right.</li><li>The name(s) of author(s) should be given just beneath the title of the study aligned to the right. Also the affiliation, title, e-mail and phone of the author(s) must be indicated on the bottom of the page as a footnote marked with an asterisk (*).</li><li>Before the introduction part, there should be an abstract between 180 and 200 words in Turkish and English and an extended abstract only in English between 600-800 words, summarizing the scope, the purpose, the results of the study and the methodology used. Underneath the abstracts, three keywords that inform the reader about the content of the study should be specified in Turkish and in English.</li><li>The manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords; expanded abstract, sections, footnotes and references.</li><li>Research article sections are ordered as follows: “Introduction”, “Aim and Methodology”, “Findings”, “Discussion and Conclusion”, “Endnotes” and “References”. For review and commentary articles, the article should start with the “Introduction” section where the purpose and the method is mentioned, go on with the other sections; and it should be finished with “Discussion and Conclusion” section followed by “Endnotes”, “References” and “Tables and Figures”.</li><li>Tables, graphs and figures can be given with a number and a defining title.</li><li>A <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/EB29E1A6F34743F2A2ADC50EDCF584DA" target="_blank">title page</a> including author information must be submitted together with the manuscript. The title page is to include fully descriptive title of the manuscript and, affiliation, title, e-mail address, postal address, phone and fax number of the author(s) (see The Submission Checklist).</li><li>The scientific and legal responsibility for manuscripts submitted to our journal for publication belongs to the author(s).</li><li>The author(s) can be asked to make some changes in their articles due to peer reviews.</li><li>The studies that were sent to the journal will not be returned whether they are published or not.</li></ol>

Author Guidelines

Journal of Geography Editorial Pre-Evaluation CriteriaJournal of Geography is a journal that allows the publication of scientific research belonging to geographical approaches (physical, human, natural environment and geographical information systems) that provide solutions to physical and human problems depending on time and space, and to share scientific knowledge in this respect. The main motivation of the journal is to create a platform for works that provide scientific solutions for the understanding of social, physical and nature-human relations and their systematics required by the age. In this respect, the journal is open to all original articles that provide solutions to human and physical geography problems through the application of the science of geography.In this context, the criteria sought for the publication of articles should include some responses and special criteria in addition to the general standards.  Our expectations for both the editorial and peer review process are as follows: -Does the study contain new and important information?At this point, although every study contains a certain amount of importance and knowledge transfer, the internationality of the publication is the most important priority. Publications with local data and local results are not among our priorities.-Is the methodology defined in a holistic and understandable way?The method is an important part of the publication and is expected to represent the publication and be understood by the reader.-Are the interpretations and conclusions supported by the results?The purpose of the study, the results, the interpretations based on these results, and the conclusions should be compatible and complementary. Recommendations are also an integral part of this process. The study should be supported by the findings in this direction. The results should be interpreted in the context of the research question and the existing literature. Limitations and uncertainties in data and methods, if any, should be clearly stated.-Are the ideas and supporting arguments comprehensively organised?The hypothesis of the study and the ideas supporting it should be clearly organised within the publication. -Is logical organisation and linkage provided?The manuscript should be logically structured with standard sections such as introduction, methods, discussion and conclusion, and sufficient background information should be provided to relate it to the existing literature. The broader significance and relevance of the research to the field of geography should be clearly stated.-Is the quality of the language adequate?The language should be clear and the spelling appropriate. It should be written in clear and concise language, avoiding unnecessary jargon.-In addition;The study is expected to provide a new solution to the problem/question addressed or a better and different solution to a problem/question already addressed. 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Although references to review articles can be an efficient way to guide readers to a body of literature, review articles do not always reflect original work accurately. Readers should therefore be provided with direct references to original research sources whenever possible. On the other hand, extensive lists of references to original work on a topic can use excessive space on the printed page. Small numbers of references to key original papers often serve as well as more exhaustive lists, particularly since references can now be added to the electronic version of published papers, and since electronic literature searching allows readers to retrieve published literature efficiently. Papers accepted but not yet included in the issue are published online in the Early View section and they should be cited as “advance online publication”. 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Type references in the style shown below.Citations in the TextCitations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year within the parenthesis.If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;).Samples:More than one citation;(Esin et al., 2002; Karasar, 1995)Citation with one author;(Akyolcu, 2007)Citation with two authors;(Sayıner &amp; Demirci, 2007)Citation with three, four, five authors;First citation in the text: (Ailen, Ciambrune, &amp; Welch, 2000) Subsequent citations in the text: (Ailen et al., 2000)Citations with more than six authors;(Çavdar et al., 2003)Citations in the ReferenceAll the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.Basic Reference TypesBooka) Turkish BookKarasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (8th ed.) [Preparing research reports]. Ankara, Turkey: 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.b) Book Translated into TurkishMucchielli, A. (1991). Zihniyetler [Mindsets] (A. Kotil, Trans.). İstanbul, Turkey: İletişim Yayınları.c) Edited BookÖren, T., Üney, T., &amp; Çölkesen, R. (Eds.). (2006). Türkiye bilişim ansiklopedisi [Turkish Encyclopedia of Informatics]. İstanbul, Turkey: Papatya Yayıncılık.d) Turkish Book with Multiple AuthorsTonta, Y., Bitirim, Y., &amp; Sever, H. (2002). Türkçe arama motorlarında performans değerlendirme [Performance evaluation in Turkish search engines]. Ankara, Turkey: Total Bilişim.e) Book in EnglishKamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.f) Chapter in an Edited BookBassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. In G. Hall &amp; C. Birchall (Eds.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 220–237). Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.g) Chapter in an Edited Book in TurkishErkmen, T. (2012). Örgüt kültürü: Fonksiyonları, öğeleri, işletme yönetimi ve liderlikteki önemi [Organization culture: Its functions, elements and importance in leadership and business management]. In M. Zencirkıran (Ed.), Örgüt sosyolojisi [Organization sociology] (pp. 233–263). Bursa, Turkey: Dora Basım Yayın.h) Book with the same organization as author and publisherAmerican Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American psychological association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.Articlea) Turkish ArticleMutlu, B., &amp; Savaşer, S. (2007). Çocuğu ameliyat sonrası yoğun bakımda olan ebeveynlerde stres nedenleri ve azaltma girişimleri [Source and intervention reduction of stress for parents whose children are in intensive care unit after surgery]. Istanbul University Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 15(60), 179–182.b) English Articlede Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., &amp; Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173. doi:10.1177/0957926599010002002c) Journal Article with DOI and More Than Seven AuthorsLal, H., Cunningham, A. L., Godeaux, O., Chlibek, R., Diez-Domingo, J., Hwang, S.-J. ... Heineman, T. C. (2015). Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 2087–2096. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1501184d) Journal Article from Web, without DOISidani, S. (2003). Enhancing the evaluation of nursing care effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(3), 26–38. Retrieved from http://cjnr.mcgill.cae) Journal Article wih DOITurner, S. J. (2010). Website statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to measure library website effectiveness. Technical Services Quarterly, 27, 261–278. doi:10.1080/07317131003765910f) Advance Online PublicationSmith, J. A. (2010). Citing advance online publication: A review. Journal of Psychology. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/a45d7867g) Article in a MagazineHenry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28–31.Doctoral Dissertation, Master’s Thesis, Presentation, Proceedinga) Dissertation/Thesis from a Commercial DatabaseVan Brunt, D. (1997). Networked consumer health information systems (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 9943436)b) Dissertation/Thesis from an Institutional DatabaseYaylalı-Yıldız, B. (2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portalic) Dissertation/Thesis from WebTonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley). Retrieved from http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar/phd/ickapak.htmld) Dissertation/Thesis abstracted in Dissertations Abstracts InternationalAppelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture amplifica&#173;tion, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.e) Symposium ContributionKrinsky-McHale, S. J., Zigman, W. B., &amp; Silverman, W. (2012, August). Are neuropsychiatric symptoms markers of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome? In W. B. Zigman (Chair), Predictors of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in adults with Down syndrome. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.f) Conference Paper Abstract Retrieved OnlineLiu, S. (2005, May). Defending against business crises with the help of intelligent agent based early warning solutions. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Miami, FL. Abstract retrieved from http://www.iceis.org/iceis2005/abstracts_2005.htmg) Conference Paper - In Regularly Published Proceedings and Retrieved OnlineHerculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H., &amp; Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593–12598. doi:10.1073/pnas.0805417105h) Proceeding in Book FormParsons, O. A., Pryzwansky, W. B., Weinstein, D. J., &amp; Wiens, A. N. (1995). Taxonomy for psychology. In J. N. Reich, H. Sands, &amp; A. N. Wiens (Eds.), Education and training beyond the doctoral degree: Proceedings of the American Psychological Association National Conference on Postdoctoral Education and Training in Psychology (pp. 45–50). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.i) Paper PresentationNguyen, C. A. (2012, August). Humor and deception in advertising: When laughter may not be the best medicine. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.Other Sourcesa) Newspaper ArticleBrowne, R. (2010, March 21). This brainless patient is no dummy. Sydney Morning Herald, 45.b) Newspaper Article with no AuthorNew drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure.(1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.c) Web Page/Blog PostBordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/d) Online Encyclopedia/DictionaryIgnition. (1989). In Oxford English online dictionary (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://dictionary.oed.comMarcoux, A. (2008). Business ethics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/e) PodcastDunning, B. (Producer). (2011, January 12). inFact: Conspiracy theories [Video podcast]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com/f) Single Episode in a Television SeriesEgan, D. (Writer), &amp; Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate. [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive producer), House; New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.g) MusicFuchs, G. (2004). Light the menorah. On Eight nights of Hanukkah [CD]. Brick, NJ: Kid Kosher.

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Ensure that the following items are present:●    Cover letter to the editorü    The category of the manuscriptü    Confirming that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.ü    Including disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement.ü    Confirming that the statistical design of the research article is reviewed.ü    Confirming that last control for fluent English was done.ü    Confirming that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.ü    Confirming that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in line with APA 6.●    <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/1BAE9E0BA45B4FB5AFAA5C2416C2F28D" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>●    Permission of previous published material if used in the present manuscript●    <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/C1F33D2E99AA4BCA80CC91A3DCA75339" target="_blank">Title page</a>ü    The category of the manuscriptü    The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in Englishü    All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addressesü    Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax numberü    ORCIDs of all authors.●    Main Manuscript Documentü    The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in Englishü    Abstracts (180-200 words) both in Turkish and in Englishü    Key words: 3 words both in Turkish and in Englishü    Extended Abstract (600-800 words) in English (only for Turkish articles)ü    Main article sectionsü    Grant support (if exists)ü    Conflict of interest (if exists)ü    Acknowledgement (if exists)ü    Referencesü    All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)

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Journal of Geography

ISSUE 47, 2023

Noise in the City: A Socio-Spatial Analysis of the Actual and Perceived Noise Levels in a Medium-Sized Urban Center

A BWM-GIS Based Approach for Wind Power Plant (WPP) Site Selection: Sample of Tunceli

Vulnerability of Tribal Communities to Climate Variability in Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India

Air Quality Issues and Settlement Suitability Analysis in Iğdır Central District

A Heterotopian Escape Space in Bursa: Kanalboyu Street

Drought Features of the Akçay Lower Catchment Area (Antalya/Finike) and Identifying Potential Areas for Water Harvesting in the Basin

Evolution of Autumn Leaf Coloration of Torminalis glaberrima Grown in Isparta, Türkiye

Annual Mean Total Precipitation Reconstruction of the Elmacık Mountain and Its Surroundings for 1858-2015 Using Scotch Pine Tree Rings

Slow City and Tourism Coexistence

A Bibliometric Analysis of Mountain Research Literature on Journal of Mountain Research and Development: Current Situation and Future Directions

Projecting Agricultural Land Abandonment and Expansion in Turkiye Using the Subspace KNN Algorithm (2030)

Trend Analysis of Precipitation in the Thrace Peninsula

Paleogeography of the Tarsus Plain and Geoarchaeology of Gözlükule Mound in Light of a Multi-Proxy Analysis

The Resilience of Sustainable Climate-Sensitive Cities in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Relational Space: Football as a Meta Fetishism

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