Research Article


DOI :10.26650/oba.781442   IUP :10.26650/oba.781442    Full Text (PDF)

Cholera outbreaks in Ottoman Ports Between 1911 – 1914: A Study Based on German Consular Reports

Ahmet Asker

The 1910 cholera epidemic, brought to the Ottoman Empire by Russian pilgrims, first appeared in Erzurum in July 1910. It then spread to other Ottoman cities, particularly those with harbors. Despite the cities’ inadequate health infrastructure, local administrators resorted to quarantine measures to stem the spread of the epidemic. Local people of Hania (Crete) considered these measures insufficient and strongly opposed the docking of a ship that was thought to carry infectious disease, as well as the disembarkation of its passengers. Occasionally, administrators attempted to conceal the realities of the epidemic from the public to forestall financial loss from the disruption of maritime trade and postal traffic and to prevent panic and chaos from breaking out. This article examines the atmosphere of panic that the 1910 cholera epidemic created in the Ottoman port cities of Haifa, Beirut, Jaffa, Chania, Samsun, Trabzon, Izmir, Çanakkale, and Thessaloniki, as well as the inland cities of Adana, Osmaniye, Aleppo, Tiberia, and Damascus. It also examines some events that followed the epidemic as reflected in the consular reports of 1911–1914. Local incidents occurring during an epidemic may provide important clues toward understanding and evaluating the overall picture of the era and the area.


DOI :10.26650/oba.781442   IUP :10.26650/oba.781442    Full Text (PDF)

Alman Konsolosluk Raporlarına Göre 1911-1914 Yılları Arasında Osmanlı Liman Kentlerinde Kolera

Ahmet Asker

Osmanlı coğrafyasına Rus hacılarla giriş yapan 1910 kolera salgını ilk önce Temmuz ayında Erzurum’da görüldükten sonra, başta liman kentleri olmak üzere civar kentlere kısa sürede yayılmıştır. Yerel Osmanlı yöneticileri, yetersiz sağlık altyapısına rağmen, karantina tedbirlerine başvurarak salgının yayılmasını engellemeye çalışmışlardır. Alınan tedbirleri yetersiz gören Hanya (Girit) halkı, inisiyatifi eline alarak bulaşıcı hastalık taşıdığı düşünülen bir geminin kentlerine yanaşmasına ve yolcu indirmesine şiddetle karşı çıkmıştır. Yöneticilerin, kimi zaman yerel halkın paniğe kapılarak kaotik bir ortamın doğmasını önlemek amacıyla, kimi zaman da deniz ticaret ve posta trafiğinin aksamasından kaynaklı maddi kayıpların önüne geçmek için, salgın haberleri ile ilgili gerçekleri halktan gizlemeye çalıştıkları olmuştur. Bu makalede kolera salgınının Hayfa, Beyrut, Yafa, Hanya, Samsun, Trabzon, İzmir, Çanakkale, Selanik gibi Osmanlı liman kentleri ile Adana, Osmaniye, Halep, Tiberya, Şam gibi civar kentlerde yarattığı panik atmosfer ve sonrasında yaşananlar 1911-1914 arasında kaleme alınmış olan Alman konsolosluk raporlarına yansıdığı kadarıyla konu edilmiştir. Kolera karşısında yerel düzeyde yaşanan olaylar genel tablo hakkında fikir vermesi açısından önemlidir.



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APA

Asker, A. (2021). Cholera outbreaks in Ottoman Ports Between 1911 – 1914: A Study Based on German Consular Reports. Studies in Ottoman Science, 22(1), 101-119. https://doi.org/10.26650/oba.781442


AMA

Asker A. Cholera outbreaks in Ottoman Ports Between 1911 – 1914: A Study Based on German Consular Reports. Studies in Ottoman Science. 2021;22(1):101-119. https://doi.org/10.26650/oba.781442


ABNT

Asker, A. Cholera outbreaks in Ottoman Ports Between 1911 – 1914: A Study Based on German Consular Reports. Studies in Ottoman Science, [Publisher Location], v. 22, n. 1, p. 101-119, 2021.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Asker, Ahmet,. 2021. “Cholera outbreaks in Ottoman Ports Between 1911 – 1914: A Study Based on German Consular Reports.” Studies in Ottoman Science 22, no. 1: 101-119. https://doi.org/10.26650/oba.781442


Chicago: Humanities Style

Asker, Ahmet,. Cholera outbreaks in Ottoman Ports Between 1911 – 1914: A Study Based on German Consular Reports.” Studies in Ottoman Science 22, no. 1 (Mar. 2024): 101-119. https://doi.org/10.26650/oba.781442


Harvard: Australian Style

Asker, A 2021, 'Cholera outbreaks in Ottoman Ports Between 1911 – 1914: A Study Based on German Consular Reports', Studies in Ottoman Science, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 101-119, viewed 29 Mar. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/oba.781442


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Asker, A. (2021) ‘Cholera outbreaks in Ottoman Ports Between 1911 – 1914: A Study Based on German Consular Reports’, Studies in Ottoman Science, 22(1), pp. 101-119. https://doi.org/10.26650/oba.781442 (29 Mar. 2024).


MLA

Asker, Ahmet,. Cholera outbreaks in Ottoman Ports Between 1911 – 1914: A Study Based on German Consular Reports.” Studies in Ottoman Science, vol. 22, no. 1, 2021, pp. 101-119. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/oba.781442


Vancouver

Asker A. Cholera outbreaks in Ottoman Ports Between 1911 – 1914: A Study Based on German Consular Reports. Studies in Ottoman Science [Internet]. 29 Mar. 2024 [cited 29 Mar. 2024];22(1):101-119. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/oba.781442 doi: 10.26650/oba.781442


ISNAD

Asker, Ahmet. Cholera outbreaks in Ottoman Ports Between 1911 – 1914: A Study Based on German Consular Reports”. Studies in Ottoman Science 22/1 (Mar. 2024): 101-119. https://doi.org/10.26650/oba.781442



TIMELINE


Submitted17.08.2020
First Revision23.10.2020
Last Revision13.11.2020
Accepted14.11.2020

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