Etymology of the Word ‟Atan”
Özlem AyazlıThe word atan has occurred several times in historical Turkic languages (Old Turkic, Middle Turkic) as atan / atgan “castrated camel” and several etymologies have been written on the word. The aim of this study is to give the etymologies related to atan word and to suggest a new etymology of the word. For this purpose, the study is grouped under six subtitles: Introduction, The word “Atan” in Historical Turkic Languages, The Word “Atan” in Modern Turkic Languages, Etymologies Related to the Word “Atan”, A New Etymology Proposal and Conclusion. In the conclusion part, the following etymology has been proposed: Yak. at “castrated” > atta- (<*at+laa-) “to castrate”, < CT (Common Turkic) *at+a-n. Furthermore, it has also been determined that it is possible to develop the meanings of the word with the modern Turkish language and dialects, while the word only survives with the meaning “castrated camel” in historical Turkic languages. e.g. NewUyg., Uzb, KirTat. atan “castrated camel”; Khak. adan “1. working camel; 2. meth. tambourine; igĭr adan “shaman tambourine” (lit. ‘humpback camel’), altı imcektĭg igĭr adan “sixwire shaman tambourine”; Alt. adan “shaman tambourine”; Kaz. atan “1. castrated camel over four years old; 2. meth. huge, bulky”; Bash. atan “1. male camel held for breeding purpose, 2. first offspring of camel”.
Atan Sözcüğünün Etimolojisi Üzerine
Özlem AyazlıAtan sözcüğü, tarihî Türk dillerinde (Eski Türkçe, Orta Türkçe) birkaç kez atan / atgan “iğdiş edilmiş deve” biçiminde geçmiş ve sözcük üzerine bugüne değin birkaç etimoloji yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, atan sözcüğü ile ilgili yapılan etimolojileri aktarmak ve sözcükle ilgili yeni bir etimoloji önermektir. Bu amaçla çalışma; Giriş, Tarihî Türk Dillerinde Atan Sözcüğü, Çağdaş Türk Dillerinde Atan Sözcüğü, Atan Sözcüğü İle İlgili Etimolojiler, Yeni Bir Etimoloji Önerisi ve Sonuç olmak üzere altı başlık altında toplanmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, Yakutça at “iğdiş edilmiş” sözcüğünden türemiş attaa- (< *at+laa-) “iğdiş etmek, enemek” gövdesinden hareketle atan sözcüğü için *at+a-n etimolojisi önerilmektedir. Buna ek olarak, tarihî Türk dillerinde sözcüğün yalnızca “iğdiş edilmiş deve” anlamı mevcut iken çağdaş Türk dil ve lehçeleri ile sözcüğün sahip olduğu anlamları geliştirmenin mümkün olduğu da tespit edilmiştir. Örneğin; Yeni Uygurca, Özbekçe, Nogayca, Kırım Tatarcası atan “iğdiş edilmiş deve”, Hak. adan “1. yük devesi, 2. mec. tef; igĭr adan ‘Şaman tefi’ (harf. ‘kambur deve’), altı imcektĭg igĭr adan ‘altı telli şaman tefi’; Alt. adan “Şaman tefi”; Kaz. atan “1. dört yaşından büyük kısırlaştırılmış deve; 2. mec. büyük, iri yarı”; Bşk. atan “1. damızlık için tutulan erkek deve, 2. devenin ilk yavrusu”.
The lifestyle and geographical conditions of a society have been an important factor in determining the lexicon of that society. In other words, the lexicon of a society occurs according to their lifestyle and geographical conditions. For example, in order to understand the place of the camel among the Old Turkic people, it will be sufficient to examine only the lexicon of Dîvânü Lügâti’t-Türk. It can be seen that many words related to camels are used in Dîvânü Lügâti’t-Türk. For example, iŋen, titir “female camel” (Hauenschild, 2003: 94, 214); botok/ boto, torum “camel-colt” (Hauenschild, 2003: 64, 223); bugra “a camel stallion” (Hauenschild, 2003: 73, Tokyürek, 2013: 255); atan “castrated camel” (Hauenschild, 2003: 39) and tewe(y) (its allophone: tewi, deve, devey) “camel” (Hauenschild, 2003: 206; Tokyürek, 2013: 257). This study focuses on the word “atan”, which is one of these camels. The word atan has occured several times in the historical Turkic languages (Old Turkic, Middle Turkic) as atan / atgan “castrated camel” and several etymologies have been made on word up to the present. The aim of this study is to give the etymologies of the word atan and to suggest a new etymology of it. For this purpose, the study is grouped under six headings.
The introduction, which is the first part, briefly emphasises the method. In the second part, information on the word “atan” seen in historical Turkic languages is provided. The word “atan” is first seen in Dîvânü Lügâti’Türk, written in the 11th century, which is one of the most important works of the Karakhanid Turkic period. Atan “gelded camel” (al-xaṣi min al-ibil) proverb: atan yǖki aş bolsa açka az körnǖr “Even a gelded camel’s load of food seems a small amount to hungry man” -because of his overwhelming hunger (Dankoff & Kelly, 1982: 114), see also Ercilasun & Akkoyunlu, 2018: 35, Kaçalin, 2019: 83-84. The words derived from the “atan” seen in Dîvânü Lügâti’t-Türk are as follows: atanlıg: atanlıg är “A man with a gelded camel (baʻir xaṣi).” (Dankoff & Kelly, 1982: 166), atanlan-: är atanlandı “The man obtained a gelded camel (baʿir xaṣi).” (Dankoff & Kelly, 1982: 242). The “atan” word also occurs in Old Uyghur civil documents which is related to the treatment of and contracts between people in daily life. It has been considered by many researchers that these documents were written in the period of the Yuan Dynasty between the 13th and 14th centuries. In these documents, it is seen that the word passes only the meaning of “camel”. In the third part, the forms of the word “atan” seen in modern Turkic languages are given. For example, NewUyg. atan “castrated camel” NewUygTDic 20, piçivatqanne atan däjitmiz “it is called as castrated camel” Tenişev, 1990: 16, Uz. atan “castrated camel” UzRD 36, Tuv. adan “castrated camel” RusTDic 60b, Hak. adan “1. working camel; 2. meth. tambourine; igĭr adan ‘shaman tambourine’ (lit. ‘humpback camel’); altı imcektĭg igĭr adan ‘six-wire shaman tambourine’” HakRusIstS 18a, adan “1. camel, 2. meth. tambourine” HakTDic 27a, see atan “working camel”; çimkeen ĭrgek tibenĭ atan ticenner “castrated male camel is called as ‘atan’” HakRusIstS 29a, Alt. adan “shaman tambourine”; egri adan “tambourine used during the shaman ceremony” Verbitskiy, 1884: 6b, Yak. cf. attammıt “castrated” RusYakS 687 (< *at+lan-mış) (< Yak. attaa- I “to castrate, to geld” YakRS 52a). KKlp. atan: atan tüye “castrated camel” KKlpRS 59a, Kaz. atan “1. castrated camel over four years old; 2. meth. huge, bulky” KazTS 54b, atan ögiz “castrated cattle when it is five year old”, atan tüyedey “huge, bulky” KazTilS 53a, atanşa “re-castrated young camel” KazTilS 53a, atan ögiz müyizinen de soqa süyrey aladı “castrated cattle drags the plow with its horn”, Nog. atan: atan tüye “castrated camel” NogRS 52b, Kirg. atan I “castrated camel” KirgTDic 58a; atanday “like castrated camel” KırTBüyD 227b, Tat. atan “castrated camel”: altmış kön atan bulgançı altı kön bura (ügez döya) bul “be a male camel six days till you are like castrated camel sixty days” TatTelDic 82a, Bash. atan “1. male camel held for breeding purpose, 2. first offspring of camel” BashTDic 45a, KirTat. atan “castrated camel” KirTatTDic 50b. In the fourth part, the etymologies related to the word “atan” are given. In the fifth part, a new etymology is suggested for the “atan”. This etymology is as follows: Yak. at “castrated” > atta- (<*at+laa-) “castrate”, < CT (Common Turkic) *at+a-n. The sixth part of the study concludes with the conclusion part where the data obtained is listed.