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DOI :10.26650/BB/CH22.2020.008.19   IUP :10.26650/BB/CH22.2020.008.19    Full Text (PDF)

Gastrointestinal System and Hepatic Manifestations of COVID-19 Disease

Resul Kahraman

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), a single-stranded RNA virus that is a member of the Betacoronavirus genus. Patients typically present with symptoms of fever and respiratory tract infection, but some patients have diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, loss of appetite, with or without typical respiratory symptoms. In the laboratory tests of the patients, liver biochemical tests, and bilirubin levels, which are markers of liver damage, were found to be elevated. Among the causes of liver damage, the direct cytotoxic effect of the virus, hepatotoxicity of drugs, cytokine storm, and sepsis are held responsible. Studies have identified SARS-CoV‐2 RNA in a rectal swab and stool samples of patients with COVID-19 disease. In addition, it has shown that the expression of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is the receptor to which the virus binds, increases in the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal system. The ACE2 expression increased in the gastrointestinal tract even after the virus was cleared in the upper respiratory tract and the virus replication continued in stool samples and was detected for a long time. It is thought that the increase in ACE2 expression and viral replication in gastrointestinal epithelial cells may play a role in the formation and course of infection and transmission. In this article, we will review the gastrointestinal system and liver manifestations of COVID-19 disease.


DOI :10.26650/BB/CH22.2020.008.19   IUP :10.26650/BB/CH22.2020.008.19    Full Text (PDF)

COVID-19 Hastalığının Gastrointestinal Sistem ve Hepatik Manifestasyonları

Resul Kahraman

Yeni koronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19), Betacoronavirus cinsinin üyesi tek sarmallı bir RNA virüsü olan şiddetli akut solunum sendromu koronavirüs-2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) tarafından oluşturulur. Hastalar tipik olarak ateş ve solunum sistemi enfeksiyonu semptomları ile başvururlar, ancak bazı hastalarda tipik solunum sistemi enfeksiyonu belirtileri ile birlikte veya bu belirtiler olmaksızın ishal, bulantı, kusma ve karın ağrısı, iştahsızlık gibi gastrointestinal sistem belirtileri bulunmaktadır. Hastaların tetkiklerinde karaciğer hasarını gösteren belirteçler olan karaciğer enzimleri ve bilurubin yüksekliği gibi karaciğer biyokimyasal değerlerinin de yükseldiği saptanmıştır. Karaciğer hasarının sebepleri arasında virüsün direkt sitotoksik etkisi, kullanılan ilaçların hepatotoksisitesi, sitokin fırtınası ve sepsis sorumlu tutulmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda enfekte kişilerin rektal sürüntü örneklerinde ve dışkı örneklerinde SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA’sı tanımlanmıştır. Ayrıca virüsün bağlandığı reseptör olan anjiotensin dönüştürücü enzim 2 (ACE2) reseptörünün gastrointestinal sistem epitel hücrelerinde ekspresyonunun arttığı gösterilmiştir. Üst solunum yollarında virüsün temizlenmesinden sonra bile gastointestinal sistemde ACE2 ekspresyonun arttığı ve gaita örneklerinde virüs replikasyonun uzun süre devam ettiği gösterilmiştir. Gastrointestinal sistemdeki ACE2 ekspresyon artışı ve viral replikasyonun saptanmasının enfeksiyon oluşumunda, seyrinde ve bulaşmada rol oynayabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu yazıda COVID-19 hastalığının gastrointestinal sistem ve karaciğer üzerine etkileri gözden geçirilecektir.



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