CHAPTER


DOI :10.26650/B/LSB23LSB24.2024.026.007   IUP :10.26650/B/LSB23LSB24.2024.026.007    Full Text (PDF)

Biogenic Amines

Abdullah ÖksüzŞenay Burçin Alkan

Biogenic amines are low molecular weight compounds produced during the metabolic functions of living cells through the amination or transamination of aldehydes and ketones or the decarboxylation of amino acids. Naturally present in plants, animals, and humans, these amines play vital physiological roles such as neurotransmission, growth regulation, and blood pressure increase. Biogenic amines are classified chemically as monoamines, diamines, and polyamines. Psychoactive amines affect the central nervous system, while vasoactive amines influence the vascular system. These compounds emerge in foods due to increased microbial load and the breakdown of proteins in protein-rich foods. From a food safety perspective, high levels of biogenic amines are considered potential toxic substances. Normally, low levels of biogenic amines are detoxified by amine oxidase enzymes in the intestine, but high levels can lead to severe health problems. Factors affecting biogenic amine formation include environmental temperature, microbial activity, and the presence of decarboxylase enzymes. The accumulation of biogenic amines is typically associated with inadequate storage conditions. To control biogenic amine levels in foods, it is recommended to implement hygiene practices, maintain proper storage conditions, and use microorganisms that degrade biogenic amines.


DOI :10.26650/B/LSB23LSB24.2024.026.007   IUP :10.26650/B/LSB23LSB24.2024.026.007    Full Text (PDF)

Bi̇yojeni̇k Ami̇nler

Abdullah ÖksüzŞenay Burçin Alkan

Biyojenik aminler, canlı hücrelerin metabolik işlevleri sırasında aldehit ve ketonların aminasyon veya transaminasyonu veya amino asitlerin dekarboksilasyonu ile üretilen, düşük moleküler ağırlıklı bileşiklerdir. Doğal olarak bitki, hayvan ve insanlarda bulunan bu aminler, sinir iletimi, büyümenin düzenlenmesi ve kan basıncının artması gibi önemli fizyolojik işlevlere sahiptir. Biyojenik aminler, kimyasal yapılarına göre monoamin, diamin ve poliamin olarak sınıflandırılır. Psikoaktif aminler merkezi sinir sistemine, vazoaktif aminler ise damar sistemine etki eder. Bu bileşikler besinlerde mikrobiyal yükün artması ile proteince zengin besinlerdeki proteinlerin yıkılması sonucu ortaya çıkar. Gıda güvenliği açısından yüksek miktarda biyojenik amin, potansiyel toksik madde olarak kabul edilir. Normalde düşük miktardaki biyojenik aminlerin toksik etkisi, bağırsakta bulunan amin oksidaz enzimleri tarafından giderilirken, yüksek miktarlarda alındığında ciddi sağlık sorunlarına yol açabilir. Biyojenik amin oluşumunu etkileyen faktörler arasında ortam sıcaklığı, mikrobiyal aktivite ve dekarboksilaz enzimlerinin varlığı bulunur. Biyojenik aminlerin birikimi, genellikle uygun depolama koşullarının sağlanmaması ile ilişkilidir. Besinlerdeki biyolojik amin düzeylerini kontrol etmek için hijyen uygulamaları, uygun depolama koşulları ve biyojenik amini yıkan mikroorganizmaların kullanımı önerilir.



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