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DOI :10.26650/B/AA23.2024.014.002   IUP :10.26650/B/AA23.2024.014.002    Full Text (PDF)

The Presence and Absence of Republican Emotion, Idea and Institution

Murat Ertan Kardeş

This article examines the process of conceptions of republic through the formation of republican emotions, ideas and institutions. Considered from such a perspective, the constitution and the very idea of equality of citizens – which can be thought as the most fundamental axiom of the republic and its political forms in various historical experiences – escapes attempts to define it as an essence. A republic is a mechanism for reproducing a community of citizens through egalitarian political mediations. Particular historical experiences have revealed the republic as an activity, institution, emotion and idea that is constantly learning how to be a republic. The republic as such then can neither be understood as the state ideology nor as the jurist credo. It can only oppose inequitable relations through the openness of the sphere of political action. Statist mechanisms of representation often respond to the endless demand for equality by closing the political sphere. The bureaucratic-statist dimension of the republic, whereas necessary for its very existence, risks undermining its republican character. The tendency of a representational relationship to “nudge” all political wills in the body politic into mutual interactions indicates a crisis of legitimacy that has origins in republican feelings. The tension between the horizontal and vertical mechanisms of the republic is not irreducible, but the asymmetries in favor of vertical mechanisms work against equality of citizen in the age of neoliberalism. The main challenge is to reproduce the republic as the domain of representations and mediations that bring democratic society into existence.


DOI :10.26650/B/AA23.2024.014.002   IUP :10.26650/B/AA23.2024.014.002    Full Text (PDF)

Cumhuriyetçi Duygunun, Fikrin ve Kurumun Varlığı ve Yokluğu

Murat Ertan Kardeş

Bu makale cumhuriyet kavrayışlarını cumhuriyetçi duygu, fikir ve kurumların oluşması üzerinden irdelemektedir. Bu çerçevede cumhuriyetin en temel aksiyomu sayılabilecek yurttaş eşitliğinin politik biçimlerle farklı tarihsel deneyimlerde oluşması onun tözsel tanımlama girişimlerine karşı gelmektedir. Bir cumhuriyet, yurttaşlar topluluğunun, eşitlikçi politik dolayımlarla yeniden üretilmesine ilişkin mekanizmadır. Tekil tarihsel deneyimler, cumhuriyeti, hep cumhuriyet olmayı öğrenen bir etkinlik, kurum, duygu ve fikir olarak karşımıza çıkarmıştır. Cumhuriyet o halde tek başına ne devlet ideolojisi olarak anlaşılabilir ne de hukukçu amentüsüdür. Cumhuriyetler eşitsizlikçi ilişkilere karşı ancak politik eylem alanının açıklığıyla karşı gelebilirler. Devletçi temsil mekanizmaları çoğu kez bitimsiz eşitlik talebine politik alanı kapatarak yanıt üretirler. Bir cumhuriyetin, cumhuriyet olmak için zorunlu bürokratik-devletçi boyutu, aynı zamanda cumhuriyetin cumhuriyetçi karakterine zarar verme riskine de sahiptir. Bir temsil ilişkisinin politik bedendeki tüm politik iradeleri etkisizleştirme tavrı cumhuriyetçi duygulardan başlayan bir meşruiyet krizine işaret eder. Cumhuriyetin yatay mekanizmaları ile dikey mekanizmaları arasındaki gerilim indirgenebilir durumda değildir ancak dikey mekanizmalar lehine oluşturulmak istenen asimetriler neoliberalizm çağında yurttaş eşitliği aleyhine işlemektedir. Esas mesele cumhuriyeti demokratik toplumu var eden temsil ve dolayımlar olarak yeniden üretmektir.



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