Assoc. Prof. Dr.

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This study was conducted to adapt a reliable and valid measurement tool that can be used to measure Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) concepts, which are gaining increasing importance on a global scale, into Turkish. DEI concepts, which are critical for today's organizations to achieve sustainable success and competitive advantage, refer to the coexistence of individuals with different demographic, social, and cultural characteristics, providing fair opportunities to all employees, and creating an environment where everyone feels they belong.Human communities, despite their physical, cultural, and social heterogeneity, have faced structural problems such as discrimination and social inequality as a result of the categorization of this diversity throughout history. However, in the 20th century, there has been an increase in epistemic awareness on a global scale, and normative regulations have been implemented in the fight against discrimination and equal opportunity. The basis of this paradigmatic transformation is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights issued by the United Nations (UN) in 1948.Although the initial purpose of the DEI paradigm was to establish human rights and ensure equal opportunity, there is empirical evidence that these approaches also provide strategic advantages in an organizational context today. The integration of employees with different demographic, sociocultural, and epistemological backgrounds encourages innovative perspectives in organizations, strengthens customer retention, enriches product development processes, and increases the effectiveness of strategic decision-making mechanisms.&nbsp;DEI practices positioned within the framework of sustainable human resources policies in Türkiye are conceptualized in line with the country’s unique socio-cultural and political parameters. Empirical research on the DEI paradigm in Türkiye reveals that human resources professionals tend to operationalize this theoretical framework primarily through parameters such as gender, ethnicity, sectarian differences, and political orientation.The research was conducted on 279 airline employees. Of the sample, 68,1% were male (n=190), 29,7% were female (n=83), and 2,2% were individuals defined as “Other” (n=6). The ages of the participants ranged from 22 to 67, and the majority were citizens of the Republic of Türkiye (95,7%). In terms of ethnic origin, 84,2% of the participants were Turkish, 15,8% were of other ethnic origins. When examined according to the distribution of airline companies worked for, 66,3% of the participants worked at Turkish Airlines, 22,2% at Pegasus Airlines, and 11,1% at SunExpress Airlines.Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the construct validity of the scale. Three different models (Unrelated Model, Single-Factor Model, and First-Order Multifactor Model) were tested and fit indices were compared. As part of reliability analyses, Cronbach's Alpha, CR (Composite Reliability), and AVE (Average Variance Extracted) values were calculated. Additionally, Fornell-Larcker criteria and VIF values were examined to evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity of the scale.The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the First-Order Multifactor Model (χ²/df=3,607, GFI=0,892, NFI=0,914, CFI=0,936, RMSEA=0,098) had the best fit values. This model presented significantly better fit indices compared to other alternative models (Unrelated Model: χ²/df=9,625, GFI=,736, NFI=,765, CFI=,783, RMSEA=,178 and Single-Factor Model: χ²/df=8,127, GFI=,656, NFI=,797, CFI=,817, RMSEA=,162).&nbsp;In the structural equation model, the three-factor structure (Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion) is clearly visible. The Diversity factor includes items a1–a7, the Equity factor includes items a8–a11, and the Inclusion factor includes items a12–a16. Factor loadings range from 0.68 to 0.87 for the Diversity dimension, from 0.76 to 0.90 for the Equity dimension, and from 0.81 to 0.91 for the Inclusion dimension.Reliability analyses showed that all dimensions had high levels of internal consistency. For the Diversity dimension, the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was determined to be 0,920. The CR value was 0,922 and the AVE value was 0,675. For the Equity dimension, the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was calculated as 0,893. The CR value as 0,897 and the AVE value as 0,759. For the Inclusion dimension, the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was determined to be 0,941. The CR value was 0,943, and the AVE value was 0,810.Correlations between factors confirmed that the three dimensions were related but distinct constructs. The correlation between Diversity and Equity was 0.89, between Diversity and Inclusion was 0.79, and between Equity and Inclusion was 0.91.This research aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish form of the DEI Scale. The findings revealed that the three-dimensional structure of the scale is valid and reliable in the Turkish context as well.The high factor loadings and reliability coefficients obtained for the Diversity dimension indicate that this dimension is meaningfully perceived among aviation sector employees in Türkiye. This finding is an important indicator of how Türkiye’s diverse cultural and demographic structure is made sense of in an organizational context. Especially in a field like the aviation sector where international interactions are intense, the distinct perception of diversity can be evaluated as a reflection of global integration processes.&nbsp;The psychometric properties of the Equity dimension provided results consistent with the literature on organizational justice perception in Türkiye. The relationship of this dimension with other factors, especially its high correlation with the Inclusion dimension (0.91), suggests that the concepts of equity and inclusion are closely associated within the organizational context in Türkiye. This may indicate that fair treatment and a sense of belonging are perceived as complementary values in Turkish workplace culture.The fact that the Inclusion dimension has the highest reliability coefficient and AVE value indicates that this concept is perceived as a separate and distinct structure in organizations in Türkiye. Especially in Türkiye, where collectivist cultural characteristics are dominant, the high level of internal consistency of the inclusion concept can be interpreted as a reflection of the need to belong and be accepted in the organizational context.&nbsp;Comparison of research findings with the literature reveals that the Turkish form of the DEI Scale shows similar psychometric properties to the original structure developed in Western literature. However, the relatively higher correlation values between factors compared to Western samples suggest that these three concepts are perceived in a more intertwined way in Türkiye. This can be explained by Türkiye's high-context and relational cultural structure.In conclusion, this research has revealed that the Turkish form of the DEI Scale is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to measure the concepts of diversity, equity, and inclusion in the aviation sector and other organizational contexts. This scale will make an important contribution to evaluating DEI strategies of institutions in Türkiye and measuring progress in this field. In future research, it is recommended to test the scale in different sectors and larger samples, to make cross-cultural comparisons, and to examine the relationship of DEI concepts with various organizational variables.

The Turkish Adaptation of the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Scale

Arif

Osman

Bibliometric Analysis of Human Factor Literature in Aviation

Gizem

Süleyman

Bilal

Scenario-based learning to promote active learning among Airline Pilots

Kübra

Self-compassion, which has gained increasing importance in positive psychology research in recent years, helps individuals cope with life’s difficulties, reduce stress, and achieve a balanced and fulfilling life. Employees in the airline industry, who often face uncertainty and demanding work conditions, are particularly vulnerable to stress. This raises the question of how they can effectively manage work-related challenges. Supporting this, research has shown that service-oriented employees adopt appropriate coping strategies to conserve resources and reduce stress (Jennings et al., 2023). However, the limited research on this topic highlights the need for further study.This study aims to contribute both theoretically and practically by exploring self-compassion within an organizational context. It is believed that fostering self-compassion can help employees develop healthier coping mechanisms in stressful work environments. Self-compassion provides the necessary resources and motivation for employees' selfregulation, ultimately enhancing their well-being. Previous studies suggest that compassion in the workplace is an interpersonal process and that employees benefit from showing kindness to themselves at work. Furthermore, the study indicates a linear relationship between employees' levels of self-compassion and their overall well-being.Self-compassion, in its simplest definition, is the ability to treat oneself with the same kindness and understanding that one would offer to others. It involves approaching personal struggles with acceptance rather than selfcriticism or harsh judgment (Neff &amp; McGehee, 2010). The key components of self-compassion include self-kindness, mindfulness, and common humanity. On the other hand, subjective well-being refers to an individual’s cognitive and emotional evaluation of their own life. It can be broken down into three components: the presence of positive emotions, the absence of negative emotions, and overall life satisfaction.This article aims to provide a strong rationale for self-compassion as a crucial factor in regulating organizational dynamics and managing employee stress. Specifically, it examines the impact of self-compassion on the subjective well-being of airline cabin crew members and proposes a useful framework for future research on self-compassion in workplace settings. To achieve this, the study first presents existing conceptualizations and definitions of selfcompassion and subjective well-being, along with their interrelation in the broader literature. Then, findings from semi-structured interviews, including key themes and sub-themes, are discussed. Finally, based on these findings, recommendations for future organizational studies are provided.In the current study, the sample group was selected from cabin crew working in companies operating in the aviation sector in order to reveal a specific purpose. In this study, the phenomenological research method, which is one of the qualitative research designs, was used. This method is carried out in order for individuals to express their experiences, understandings, feelings, perspectives and perceptions about a concept. At the same time, the interviews were conducted through 9 semi-structured questions created by compiling the literature (Dunkley-Smith et al. 2021; Binder et al., 2019; Zessin et al., 2015). The interviews with the participants were conducted online via the “Zoom Program” in a total of one month after obtaining the approval of the ethics committee and for 25-35 minutes with each participant. In addition, the data were analyzed with the “MAXQDA 24 Analysis Program”, the findings were associated with each other and main and sub-themes (8 main themes and 32 sub-codes) were created. The themes created were interpreted in the light of the preliminary research in the literature.&nbsp;Implementing mindfulness-based self-compassion training for cabin crew members, particularly in the early years of their careers, could help them develop a more accepting mindset, reduce self-judgment, and manage work-related stress and anxiety more effectively (Bluth &amp; Blanton, 2014; Marshall &amp; Brockman, 2016). Since self-compassion shapes individuals' perceptions of life quality and emotional experiences, specific practices such as meditation could help employees cultivate self-kindness, detach from overwhelming emotions, and recognize shared human experiences during stressful times. In essence, self-compassion can be strengthened, much like a muscle.&nbsp;Given that cabin crew members are required to constantly interact with and accommodate different people, developing self-compassion may be essential in minimizing emotional exhaustion and long-term stress. Therefore, further research is needed to fully understand the extent to which self-compassion influences working life. As this study is based on a small sample of airline cabin crew members, additional research, particularly focusing on newly recruited employees, would be valuable in reinforcing and expanding these findings.&nbsp;

The Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Subjective Well-Being From the Perspective of Cabin Crew

Zehra

The Role of Online Virtual Reality Therapy: New Approaches in Treatment of Aviophobia

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The primary aim of this journal is to publish articles that center on the study of human factors in aviation and aerospace sciences, aviation and aerospace psychology, organizational behavior in the aviation industry, and crew resource management. We invite submissions covering different dimensions of aviation and aerospace research with the emphasis on human factors. Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace is an online, open-access, peer-reviewed journal published twice a year (April and October) by the Institute for Aviation Psychology Research. The publication language of the journal is English and Turkish. For articles written in Turkish, an extended abstract in English is required. There are no submission fees, publication fees, or page charges for this journal.

Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics. Ethics committee approval must be obtained for all research that requires ethics committee approval, and this approval must be stated and documented in the method section.

EBSCO

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Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace

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Editor in Chief

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The primary aim of this journal is to publish articles that center on the study of human factors in aviation and aerospace sciences, aviation and aerospace psychology, organizational behavior in the aviation industry, and crew resource management. We invite submissions covering different dimensions of aviation and aerospace research with the emphasis on human factors. Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace is an online, open-access, peer-reviewed journal published twice a year (April and October) by the Institute for Aviation Psychology Research. The publication language of the journal is English and Turkish. For articles written in Turkish, an extended abstract in English is required. There are no submission fees, publication fees, or page charges for this journal.Our journal is inter- and multidisciplinary in nature, covering a wide scope of areas:<ul><li>Aviation and aerospace psychology </li><li>Crew resource management</li><li>Aviation accidents and incidents</li><li>Organizational behavior in aviation</li><li>Human-machine interactions in aviation and aerospace </li><li>Human performance, limitations, and errors in aviation</li><li>Soft skills and competencies required for aviation professionals</li><li>HRM functions in aviation</li><li>Personnel selection in aviation industries</li><li>Cognitive abilities involved in performing aviation-related tasks</li><li>Effects of spaceflight on psychological health</li><li>Selection and training of astronauts and space travellers.</li></ul>

Aim and Scope

<ul><li>EBSCO Academic Search </li><li>EBSCO Central &amp; Eastern European Academic Source</li></ul>

Indexing and Abstracting

The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the Journal. Only those manuscripts approved by every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the Journal requires written permission of all declared authors.Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviors. All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication.Plagiarism Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. If plagiarism/self-plagiarism will be found authors will be informed. Editors may resubmit manuscript for similarity check at any peer-review or production stage if required. High similarity scores may lead to rejection of a manuscript before and even after acceptance. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity score taken from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 15 or 20%.Double Blind Peer-Review After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by the editors-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The editor provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles and hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Policies

The journal is an open access journal and all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read" target="_blank">BOAI</a> definition of open access.The open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) license.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Authors publishing with the journal retain the copyright to their work licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</a> ) and grant the Publisher non-exclusive commercial right to publish the work. CC BY-NC 4.0 license permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Editor should consider publishing correction if minor errors that do not effect the results, interpretations and conclusions of the published paper are detected. Editor should consider retraction if major errors and/or misconduction that invalidate results and conclusions are detected.Editor should consider issuing an expression of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are not reliable and institutions of the authors do not investigate the case or the possible investigation seems to be unfair or nonconclusive.The guidelines of <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> and <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> are taken into consideration regarding correction, retractions or expression of concern.RetractionJournal follows <a href="https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/retraction-guidelines-cope.pdf" target="_blank">COPE’s Retraction Guidelines</a> in case of retraction. The editor has the right to retract an article if: <ul><li>There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable; either as a result of a major error (e.g. miscalculation or experimental error), or as a result of fabrication (e.g. of data) or falsification (e.g. image manipulation).</li><li>It contains plagiarised content. </li><li>It has been published elsewhere without proper attribution. </li><li>It contains material or data without authorisation for use.</li><li>There is copyright infringement or there is some other serious legal issue.</li><li>It reports unethical research. </li><li>There is evidence that the peer-review process is compromised or manipulated.</li><li>The author(s) failed to disclose a significant competing interest (also known as a conflict of interest) that, in the opinion of the editor, would have unduly influenced the interpretation of the work or the recommendations of the editors and peer reviewers.</li></ul>In case of retraction the following steps are followed:<ul><li>Retraction notice including article title is published in a subsequent issue of the journal. The retraction notice is paginated and listed in the table of contents. </li><li>A link is provided between the retraction notice and the original article in the electronic version. </li><li>The online article is preceded by a page containing the retraction notice; the reader can then proceed to the article itself.</li><li>The original article remains unchanged, except for a watermark on the .pdf on each page stating that it has been &#34;retracted”.</li></ul>Article Removal for Legal ReasonsIn the following circumstances, except the metadata (title and authors), the text of the article is removed and a page informing that the article has been removed for legal reasons replaces the article. <ul><li>The article is found to be defamatory or to infringe the legal rights of others, and retraction is not deemed to be an adequate solution.</li><li>The article has been, or is reasonably likely to be the subject of a court order.</li><li>There is a significant risk to public health. </li></ul>

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark which serves as a  national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to  collect, preserve, and serve the content.Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with  that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of IUPress journal website.

The Artificial Intelligence Policy, prepared in light of developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and practices in scholarly publishing, sets out the editorial and ethical principles that authors, reviewers, and editors should follow when using such technologies. The following sources have been considered in the preparation of the AI policy:Committee on Publication Ethics <a href="https://publicationethics.org/guidance/cope-position/authorship-and-ai-tools" target="_blank">(COPE) - Authorship and AI tools</a>; International Committee of Medical Journal Editors <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html#four" target="_blank">(ICMJE) - Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Assisted Technology; World Association of Medical Editors  (WAME) Chatbots, Generative AI, and Scholarly Manuscripts</a><a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html#four"></a>AI-assisted technologies (such as large language models [LLMs], chatbots, or image generators) can develop and produce a wide variety of content, including text, images, audio, and synthetic data. When used ethically and safely, these capabilities can increase productivity and foster innovation, but when used without human guidance, they pose risks such as inaccurate and biased results, omissions and errors in citations, deficiencies in protecting privacy and intellectual property rights, and potential violations of authors' and publishers' rights. IUPress adopts the following core principles to avoid these risks in the use of AI:  <ul><li>Details of any AI used in the production of content (including but not limited to text, figures, images, and code) must be declared and clearly explained in the appropriate section of the paper (as an acknowledgement and/or in the methods section). </li><li>No AI tool may be listed as an author in any scientific paper. </li><li>Authors are responsible for the accuracy, completeness, and originality of their work, even if AI is used in any way; they are responsible for the proper referencing and attribution of others' ideas, data, words, or other materials. </li><li>Reviewers and editors must not upload submitted work, in whole or in part, to any generative AI application.</li></ul>In the editorial processes of IUPress publications, tools are available to assist editors in identifying AI-generated content. On the other hand, it is common to use AI tools that provide suggestions for improving and enhancing readability, language, and grammar, and such AI tools can be used in IUPress publications under the supervision of editors and authors.

Artificial Intelligence Policy

<ul><li>Authors are required to declare if they have used AI-assisted technologies (such as large language models [LLMs], chatbots, or image generators) in the creation of their submitted work. </li><li>Authors should explain, both in the cover letter and in the appropriate section of the submitted paper (as a footnote and/or in the methods section), which AI tool and which version of it they have used and for what purpose. </li><li>Authors should also indicate how they used the AI tool and how they assessed the validity of the results obtained using this technology, and what aspects of the paper, manuscript content, data or supporting files were influenced by the use of the AI tool or were generated by AI.</li><li>It is the authors' responsibility to ensure the accuracy, validity and appropriateness of content and citations generated by AI-assisted technologies and to eliminate potential errors, inconsistencies and biased results. </li><li>Authors should always check the original sources to eliminate possible plagiarism, recognising that there is a potential for plagiarism in texts produced with AI-assisted technologies. They should confirm that they have checked and that the sources are original.  </li><li>AI-assisted tools (such as ChatGPT) cannot be listed as authors because they cannot be responsible for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the work, and these responsibilities are essential to authorship. Therefore, authors are responsible for all material involving the use of AI-assisted technologies. Authors should ensure that all statements in the article that state the hypotheses, interpretations, conclusions, limitations, and implications of the study represent their own opinions.  </li><li>Studies created by authors using AI tools in the following ways, which substitute for the basic researcher's and author's responsibilities, violate the principles of scientific publishing and publication ethics, and such studies are not eligible for inclusion in publications: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Generation of text or code without rigorous review, </li><li>Generation of synthetic data to replace missing data without a robust methodology, </li><li>Creation of any inaccurate, synthetic content, including abstracts or supplementary materials, </li><li>Creation and manipulation of images and figures (pictures, graphs, data tables, medical images, image snippets, computer codes and formulae) or original research data (enhancing, hiding, moving, removing or adding a particular feature within an image or figure) using AI.</li></ul></ul>

It is essential to maintain confidentiality in the peer review process and not to share or use the reviewed work in this process. <a href="https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/ethical-guidelines-peer-reviewers-cope.pdf" target="_blank">(COPE – Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers</a>)<ul><li>Reviewers should not upload a manuscript or part of a manuscript submitted to them for review to generative AI tools or large language models to assist in the review, evaluation or decision-making process, as uploading content to such AI tools by reviewers violates the authors' privacy and property rights.  </li><li>Reviewing a scientific paper is a responsibility that can only be undertaken by human beings. The critical thinking and original evaluation required for peer review is beyond the scope of this technology, and there is a risk that the technology will produce inaccurate, incomplete or biased conclusions about the paper. The peer review report and decision letters should reflect the personal assessment of the reviewers and editors of the submitted content. The reviewer is responsible and accountable for the content of his/her report. </li><li>AI tools may be used in a limited way to improve the quality of the language of the peer review report (for translation or language editing) in the context of peer review. If such use is made, the reviewer must declare the use when submitting the report. </li><li>Reviewers who suspect inappropriate or undisclosed use of generative AI in a submission should report their concerns to the editor.</li></ul>

Editors are obliged to ensure that the confidentiality of the manuscripts submitted to the journal is maintained during the evaluation process, and it is essential that the peer-reviewed work is not shared or used outside the parties involved in that process. (COPE - Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors) <a href="https://publicationethics.org/files/Code_of_conduct_for_journal_editors_Mar11.pdf" target="_blank">(COPE – Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors)</a>.<ul><li>Editors should not upload a submitted article, or any part of it, to generative Artificial Intelligence tools or Big Language Models to assist in the review, evaluation or decision-making process, as this may violate authors' privacy and property rights. </li><li>Managing the editorial review of a scientific article implies responsibilities that can only be attributed to humans. Generative AI or AI-assisted technologies should not be used by editors to assist in the evaluation or decision-making process of an article, as the critical thinking and original evaluation required for this task is beyond the scope of this technology and there is a risk that the technology will produce inaccurate, incomplete or biased conclusions about the article. The editor is responsible and accountable for the editorial process, the final decision and its communication to the authors.</li><li>Editors should not use generative AI tools to compose decision letters or abstracts of unpublished research. </li><li>Editors may use generative AI tools to help find appropriate reviewers.</li><li>If editors suspect the use of generative AI in a submitted manuscript or a submitted referee report, they should conduct an editorial review of the matter and consider the policy.</li></ul>

Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.Each manuscript is reviewed at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. In accordance with the code of conduct we will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing.

Ethics

Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.<ul><li>Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.</li><li>The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.</li><li>The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.</li><li>Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.</li><li>Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.</li><li>The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.</li><li>In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.</li><li>If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.</li><li>In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.</li></ul>

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/9304324A991A4DB89BCF6C0E39962560" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form.</a> The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor-in-Chief to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.  Editor-in-chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international external referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by editor-in-chief  upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor in chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.<ul><li>Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?</li><li>Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?</li><li>Is the problem significant and concisely stated?</li><li>Are the methods described comprehensively?</li><li>Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?</li><li>Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?</li><li>Is the language acceptable?</li></ul>Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

<ul><li>Times New Roman 12-point and double spaced should be used.</li><li>There is no word and page limit.</li><li>Original research, review, meta-analysis and document analysis articles are accepted. The publication language of the journal is English and Turkish.</li><li>All correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified. Manuscpript is to be submitted online and it must be accompanied by a title page including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist) and cover letter to the editor. Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word 2003 and upper versions. In addition, Copyright Agreement Form that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted.</li><li>In-text and end-text reference format should be prepared according to APA-7 style.</li><li>There are no limits for the number of tables and figures.</li><li>The text should consist of the following sections; abstract (Turkish and English), extended English abstract (for the articles written in Turkish), introduction (literature), method, results, discussion, reference list, tables and figures, appendices (when necessary).</li><li>English and Turkish abstracts should be 150-200 words. For articles written in Turkish, an extended abstract in English is required. The extended English abstract should be between 600-800 words and include introduction, method, results, and discussion titles. </li><li>Tables and figures should be submitted as a separate document. The tables and figures should be placed in the main text, specifically mentioning their number (For instance, “Table 1 should be placed here.’’).</li></ul>

Author Guidelines

Author(s) are expected to cite primary sources in their studies.References to articles published as Early View should be given as &#34;publication in preparation&#34;.The author(s) are responsible for the accuracy of the references. All sources should be cited in the text and listed alphabetically.Reference Style and Format-    Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, adopts 7th edition of APA (American Psychological Association) style for in-text citation and references. The rules for this style can be found at the link below:-    <a href="https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/" target="_blank">https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/</a>-    References should be cited as indicated in the examples below.In-Text CitationSources should be indicated in the text by writing the surnames of the authors and the publication date in parentheses. If more than one source is to be shown, a semicolon (;) should be inserted between the sources. References should be listed alphabetically.Citations in the TextCitations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year and page number within the parenthesis. If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;). References should be listed alphabeticallySamples: Citation with one author; (Carpentier, 2011) Carpentier (2011)Citation with two authors; (Deleuze &amp; Guattari, p. 1992) Deleuze and Guattari (1992) aim to explain schizophrenia in a positive manner (p. 45).Citation with three or more authors; (Curran et al., 2009) Citation with abbreviation: First Citation: (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2020) Next Citations: (WHO, 2020) First Citation: World Health Organisation (WHO, 2020) Next Citations: WHO (2020)To avoid ambiguity in in-text citations If the same author published more than one study in the same year: (Fiske, 2010a) (Fiske, 2010b) &#8288;If the first authors of multiple references share the same surname but have different initials, include the first authors’ initials in all in-text citations, even if the year of publication differs. (A.    A. Berger, 2010; J. Berger, 2010) If the authors of the same publication have the same surname, there is no need to include the first letters of their names. (Chen &amp; Chen, 2019)  Direct quotations When citing directly, sentence(s) are enclosed in quotation marks and page numbers are also indicated in in-text quotations. According to Luhmann (1982), “Subjectivity is an abstract term invented by philosophers which does not refer to human beings. The real subject of social action is the social system” (p. 324). If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;). References should be listed alphabetically. (Mulvey, 2012; Ryan &amp; Kellner, 2012, p. 152).Citations in the Reference All the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.Book a) Citation with one author; Berger, A. A. (2017). Media analysis techniques. Sage Publications. Kamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. McGraw-Hill Education.b) Translated book Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punishment: The birth of the prison. (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Vintage Books.c) Book with Multiple Authors Bordwell, D. &amp; Thompson, K. (2010). Film Art: An Introduction. McGraw-Hill.ç) Edited book Miller, T., &amp; Stam, R. (Eds.). (2004). A companion to film theory (Vol. 18). John Wiley &amp; Sons.d) Chapter in an Edited Book Jenkins, H. (2004). The work of theory in the age of digital transformation. T. Miller &amp; R. Stam (Eds.), A Companion to Film Theory (pp. 234-261). Blackwell.e) Chapter in the translation book Schmeder, G. (2015). İşbölümü dinamiğinde kopmalar ve kesintiler. C. Vercellone (Ed.) ve D. Kundakçı (Trans.). Bilişsel kapitalizm. (1st ed., 61-75). Otonom Yayıncılık.Piaget, J. (1988). Extracts from Piaget’s theory (G. Gellerier &amp; J. Langer, Trans.). In K. Richardson &amp; S. Sheldon (Eds.) Cognitive development to adolescence: A reader (pp. 3-18). Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum. (Reprinted from Manual of child psychology, pp. 703-732, by P.H. Myssen, Ed., 1970. Wiley)f) Book Review Gül Ünlü, D. (2018). Kitap incelemesi [Şeffaflık toplumu: Şeffaf toplumun eleştirisi üzerine bir okuma]. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, 28, 279-290. http://iletisimdergisi.gsu.edu.tr/tr/pub/issue/37677/436058Seo, S. (2016). [Review of the book Journalism and Human Rights: How Demographics Drive Media Coverage by John C. Pollock]. Journal of Communication, 66 (6), E-15-E-17. https://academic.oup.com/joc/article-abstract/66/6/E15/4082402?redirectedFrom=fulltextg) Book with Organization as Author American Psychological Association. (2009). Crediting sources: Citing references in text. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed., p. 177).Articlea) Article Seyidov, I. (2020). On conceptual and methodological deficiencies of data journalism-related studies in Turkey. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 58, 273-289. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0070 b) Online article without DOI Grist, L. (2007). Masculinity, violence, resistance: A new psychoanalytic reading of Raging Bull. Atlantis, 29(1), 11-27. Retrieved from https://go.gale.com/c) Popular magazine article Salmon, C. (2016, Oct). Ken Loach is right: British film and TV has become too cosy and conservative. Little White Lies. https://lwlies.com/articles/ken-loach-fake-nostalgia-tv-period-dramas/Thesis, Symposiuma) Thesis Kendrick, J. (2005). Screen violence and the new Hollywood [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. Indiana University. https://www.proquest.com/openview/433bbaa0b9973dad53d0aa735d1f941a/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=18750&amp;diss=yb) Symposium contribution Gündüz, U. &amp; Pembecioğlu N. (2021, October, 26-27). Covid-19. H. Adıyaman (Chairs), The health agenda of media in the lights of information ethics and the Covid-19 sentiment analysis of garlic news [Symposium]. 18. International Communication in the Millennium Symposium, Erzurum, Turkey.Other Sourcesa) Newspaper Article Lee, E. (2019, February 1). Digital Media: What Went Wrong. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/01/business/media/buzzfeed-digital-media-wrong.htmlb) İnternet sayfası kaynakları Bordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized. http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/ adresinden 15 Eylül 2020 tarihinde alınmıştır.c) Official publications and press release Turkish Statistical Institute (2022). Foreign Trade Statistics (Publication number: 45536). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Foreign-Trade-Statistics-January-2022-45536&amp;dil=2 The White House, Office of the Press Secretary. (2010, August 4). Administration officials continue travel across the country holding “Recovery Summer” events [Press release]. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/realitycheck/the-press-office/administration-officials-continue-travel-across-country-holding-recovery-summer-eveç) Dictionary Oxford University Press. (n.d.). Communication. In Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved January 1, 2022, from https://www.lexico.com/definition/communicationd) Podcast West, S. (2020, December). On Media pt. 1- Manufacturing Consent (Episode 148) [Audio podcast]. In Philosophize this!. https://open.spotify.com/episode/04YIh1REL6KOxlnaJWlvfh?si=86782f420d744114e) Video/Film Zizek, S. (2008). Violence [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_x0eyNkNpL0 Scorsese, M. (Director). (1976). Taxi Driver [Film]. Columbia Pictures.f) TV series Chase, D. (Producer). (1999-2007). The Sopranos [TV Series]. HBO.g) Social Media Manovich, L. [@manovich]. In the late 1990s South Korea became the leader in Internet connections, and they launched one of the first social networks Cyworld. Next, they used YouTube to create k-pop global popularity. Can they repeat their success in metaverse? [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/manovich/status/1462405978356207626  [Tweet] for Twitter, [Twitter profile] etc., [Facebook status] for Facebook, [Timeline] etc., [Picture] for Instagram, [Highlight] can be used.

<ul><li><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/9C67F34EE0104078B1F488BCDAE7D04F" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a></li><li><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/E562DC53D20F44BC8B1051236C2C1D84" target="_blank">Author Form</a></li><li><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/D558EBBBB23E47879D6F745150CDF6F3" target="_blank">Title Page</a></li><li><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/85C1FA1875E64C3AB432D24DEBD060D1" target="_blank">Sample Article File</a> </li></ul>

Ensure that the following items are present:●    Cover letter to the editor<ul type="disc"> <li>Confirming that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.</li> <li>Including disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement.</li> <li>Confirming that last control for fluent English was done.</li> <li>Confirming that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.</li> <li>Confirming that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in line with APA 7.</li> </ul><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/A123B325D12A44D2B4C15B356E7E1F4C" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/E9FED17826F14F528310039D9BFF7CE5" target="_blank">Author Form</a>Permission of previous published material if used in the present manuscript<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/6575C5875ABB4FEAA22CA9A2EEDEF319" target="_blank">Title page</a><ul><li>The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in English</li><li>All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country),e-mail addresses</li><li>Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax number</li> <li>ORCIDs of all authors.</li><li>Grant support, Conflict of interest, and Acknowledgement (if exists)</li></ul>●    Main Manuscript Document<ul type="disc"><li>The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in English</li><li>Abstract (150-200 words),  For articles written in Turkish, an extended abstract in English is required. The extended English abstract should be between 600-800 words and include introduction, method, results, and discussion titles.</li> <li>Keywords: 3-5 words</li><li>Body text</li><li>References</li><li>All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)</li> </ul>

Issue Type	Regular
Editor(s)	Cem Güney Özveren

Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace

VOLUME 2, ISSUE 1, 2025

METRICS