Abuzer

Prof. Dr.

Özgür

Herbaryumun Ekolojik Çalışmalarda Kullanımı: Biyoçeşitlilik ve Alan İzleme

Ademi

Tuğkan

Hasan

Genus Lilium (Lily) is represented by approximately 100 species worldwide. The genus is generally distributed in the cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species of Lilium have been cultivated. They are mostly famous for their particularly pleasant scent and beautiful appearance. It is represented by 8 taxa in Türkiye. Two of these taxa are endemic, an endemism ratio is 25%. Lilium candidum (Madonna Lily) was first described by Carl von Linne. However, the first records of the species appear many years ago as drawings in Dioscorides’ work De Materia Medica. The species was known to be distributed throughout Muğla, Aydın, and Antalya. In recent years, however, a natural population of the plant has also been found in Balıkesir province. Although some known populations occur in Mersin, İstanbul, and Mardin provinces, whether they are natural populations or cultivated forms there remains unknown. This study has found within its scope many natural populations in Izmir province. The species was listed as Near Threatened (NT) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List in 2014 and later evaluated in 2017 as Least Concern (LC). However, the species was evaluated as Vulnerable (VU) in the IUCN’s Red Book of Turkey published in 2000, while not evaluated in the most current IUCN Red List of threatened plant species in Türkiye. Except for some small-scale studies, no comprehensive protection and action plan study on L. candidum has been found in the national or international literature. The materials of the current study consist of Lilium candidum samples collected during field studies carried out in Izmir province and its districts between 2014-2020. This study frequently encountered individual samples whose bulbs had been eaten but whose flowers had not been consumed and thus had been destroyed in their natural habitat. These plucked specimens were determined to have produced small bulbs in nodes near the base as a result of a certain waiting period. A similar situation has been observed to be used as a cultivation technique among the people who grow L. candidum in their gardens in the Karaburun district of Izmir province. The experiments this study carried observed that the flowering axes removed from the bulbs can produce bulbs from the nodes within 45-60 days, especially when kept under dark conditions. This situation is thought to be a survival strategy developed by the plant during its evolutionary process, as its juicy and fleshy bulbs were frequently damaged by their natural predators. This study presents the dimensions of the spread of Lilium candidum within the borders of Izmir province, the limiting factors that negatively affect the species’ development and spread, and the population characteristics of L. candidum, as well as its habitat demands, adult numbers, population distribution limits, and reproduction and survival strategies. This study has conducted comprehensive research on the populations of the L. candidum species in İzmir province, and the results from the field studies show the population size to have increased to 17. The study also discusses within its scope suggestions for developing in-situ and ex-situ protection and agriculture strategies for L. candidum populations in Izmir. The study additionally has expanded the description of the species and reevaluated its IUCN categorization there. As a result of all this research, a large number of new populations of the species have been found, and due to reasons such as the high attractiveness of the species and the intense overlap of locations with human activities, the study has made plans to urgently implement strategies related to conservation studies and forwarded these to the authorized institutions. This study has also obtained new and comprehensive information about the systematics, ecology, and reproduction of the L. candidum species and proposed a primary habitat conservation approach based on this information regarding the conservation studies on the species. In addition, this article suggests conducting studies on protecting the species outside its natural area in botanical gardens, conservation gardens, gene conservation centers, as well as conducting studies on the agriculture production of the species using different production techniques. In light of all the obtained information, this study has learned different production techniques for Lilium candidum (Madonna Lily) and determined based on this knowledge that new productive bulbs from the nodium parts can form, especially when kept for 1.5-2 months after the bulb disassembly and collection process. This knowledge is very useful for the protection of the species and its cultivation as an ornamental plant and has been evaluated as an important method.

Lilium candidum L. (Ak zambak) Türünün İzmir İli Popülasyonları ve Tür Koruma Stratejileri

Seher

Hayri

Ahmet

Zeki

Türkiye Florası İçin Yeni Bir Tür Kaydı: Astragalus schmalhausenii Bunge (Fabaceae)

Yusuf

The Campanulaceae Juss. (Asterales) family is a cosmopolitan family with 84 genera and approximately 2400 species worldwide. The genus Campanula is the largest genus in the Campanulaceae family in terms of taxon number. There are approximately 450 species worldwide, mostly distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, South Asia and Central Africa. The gene centre of the Campanula genus is the mountainous areas of the Mediterranean and Caucasus regions and is represented by approximately 150 species in these regions. Campanula is represented over 140 species in Turkey, and more than 50% of them are endemic. The genus Campanula is a group that attracts the attention of almost all taxonomy researchers, with its mostly locally distributed taxa and especially with its beautiful flowers. The most comprehensive study on Campanula taxa was the revision of the genus Campanula in the 6th volume of Flora of Turkey edited by P.H. Davis in 1978 by Damboldt. After this comprehensive study, many new taxa have been defined and continue to be defined under this genus in Türkiye. Many species under the Campanula are morphologically very similar to each other, the number of newly discovered species is increasing and the potential for new species that have not yet been discovered is high, making it a taxonomically quite complex group. Endemic species of the Campanula genus are found mostly in the Eastern Mediterranean, the Balkans, the Caucasus and Türkiye. Campanula aghrica Kit Tan &amp; Sorger is a locally endemic species spreading in Doğubeyazıt district of Ağrı province. C. aghrica was introduced to the scientific world in 1984. The morphology of C. aghrica was examined under a stereo-binocular microscope, and the measurements of these samples were made with a millimetre ruler. The diagnostic characters and an extended full description are given here. Based on morphological features, C. aghrica belongs to the Campanula subgen. Campanula sect. Rupesters. It is seen that the taxa under the Rupestres section consist of perennial polycarpic or perennial monocarpic species. In addition to the forms that mostly find a chance to live in the main rock cracks and adapt to these difficult conditions, there are also taxa that live on soils such as gypsum and marl among dense calcareous soils. One of the reasons for the high endemism of Rupestres is that its distribution area is limited because it is mostly casmophytic. It is a rather isolated species and has no close relatives. It is a quite characterised species with its greyish appearance due to its dense tomentose hair structure, its stems bearing numerous sterile rosettes, its rosette leaves being quite small, its base being distinctly lignified, its rather fragile and flexible stems and small flowers. This study was carried out with the materials obtained within the scope of the TUBITAK 1001 project titled “Taxonomic Revision and Phylogenetic Relationships of Sections Symphyandriformes (Fomin) Charadze., Rupestres Boiss.) Charadze., Scapiflorae (Boiss.) Charadze., Saxicolae (Boiss.) Charadze., Tracheliopsis (Buser) Damboldt., Dictyocalyx (Fed.) Damboldt. and Platysperma Damboldt. in the Subgenus Campanula of Campanula L. (Campanulaceae) Distributed in Turkey” conducted between 2014 and 2018 under the supervision of the first author of the article, with the aims of contributing to the description of this species, revealing its intraspecific variation and re-determining the IUCN threatened category of the species. Although the only known locality of these species to date is the type locality, its current threat category is VU. However, Kalus village near Doğubayazıt of Ağrı province is under intense quarry pressure. This species, known only from a single point, is in danger of extinction because of the pressure that will occur in its habitat. For this reason, the IUCN category was redefined and updated in this study as Critically Endangered [CR B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)+B2ab (i,ii,iii,v)] according to the most recent IUCN criteria.&nbsp;

Campanula aghrica (Campanulaceae) için Yeni IUCN Tehlike Kategorisi Önerisi

Ogün

Burçin

Evren

Verbascum salgirensis Soldano (Scrophulariaceae) Türünün Tarihsel Geçmişi ve Taksonomik Değerlendirmesi

Osman

Levent

@JOURNAL_BOX_CURRENT

@JOURNAL_BOX_EARLYVIEW

@JOURNAL_BOX_FEATURED

@JOURNAL_BOX_MOSTREAD

Herbarium Turcicum, İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi bünyesinde faaliyet gösteren hakemli, açık erişimli, akademik bir dergidir. Yılda iki kez (Mart ve Eylül) elektronik olarak yayımlanan Herbarium Turcicum Dergisinde, filogenetik çalışmalara, modern herbaryum tekniklerine, makine öğrenmesine dayalı bitki teşhis yöntemlerine, morfometrik çalışmalara yer verilmektedir. Yayın dili Türkçe ve İngilizcedir.

Dergiye gönderilen makaleler için herhangi bir işlem ücreti veya yayın bedeli talep edilmez.

Gale Cengage

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@METRIC_OPENACCESS

Herbarium Turcicum

Herbarium Turcicum, is a peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly journal of the Istanbul University Faculty of Science. Published twice a year in March and September, Herbarium Turcicum covers phylogenetic studies, modern herbarium techniques, computer-based plant identification including machine-learning and data-science-driven methods and morphometric studies. The publication languages of the journal are English and Turkish.

Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

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Editor in Chief

Co Editor in Chief

Honorary Editor

Language Editor

Publicity Manager

Editorial Assistant

Editorial Board Member

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The journal Herbarium Turcicum is devoted to phylogenetic studies, modern herbarium techniques, computer-based plant identification including machine-learning and data-science-driven methods and morphometric studies, in order to fill the current gap in this type of literature. The journal's purpose and scope are summarized below:1. New taxa, synonyms, transfers, revisional studies, typification studies2. Plant taxa previously deposited in herbaria but not later collected and those preserved in herbaria but endangered in the wild3. Organizational and digitization activities of herbaria4. Herbarium stories: new species described from herbarium specimens, scientific work resulting from international collaborations among scientists working in various herbaria, 5. Herbaria and their relationships with other disciplines, such as molecular phylogeny, plant anatomy, forensic biology and graphology studies using herbarium specimens6. Herbarium pests: modern techniques and methods of control7. Herbarium curators and their academic lives8. Interesting and historical collections9. Live plant collections10. Historical and ancient place and region names on herbarium labels11. Invalid names persisting on herbarium labels12. Monumental trees and their presentation13. Plants and history14. Plants in culture and art15. Stories of plant epithets16. Ethical rules17. Herbarium techniques and innovations18. Fighting pests and physical conditions19. Herbarium types20. Archaeobotanical studies and collections21. Technology and herbaria, machine learning and digital classification studies

Aim and Scope

<ul><li><a href="https://go.gale.com/ps/dispAdvSearch.do?userGroupName=anon~84c5a0c7&amp;prodId=AONE" target="_blank">Gale Cengage</a></li></ul>

Indexing and Abstracting

The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the Journal. Only those manuscripts approved by every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the Journal requires written permission of all declared authors.Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviors. All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication.Plagiarism Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. If plagiarism/self-plagiarism will be found authors will be informed. Editors may resubmit manuscript for similarity check at any peer-review or production stage if required. High similarity scores may lead to rejection of a manuscript before and even after acceptance. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity score taken from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 15 or 20%.Double Blind Peer-Review After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by the editors-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The editor provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles and hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Policies

The journal is an open access journal and all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read" target="_blank">BOAI</a> definition of open access.The open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) license.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Authors publishing with the journal retain the copyright to their work licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</a> ) and grant the Publisher non-exclusive commercial right to publish the work. CC BY-NC 4.0 license permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Editor should consider publishing correction if minor errors that do not effect the results, interpretations and conclusions of the published paper are detected. Editor should consider retraction if major errors and/or misconduction that invalidate results and conclusions are detected.Editor should consider issuing an expression of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are not reliable and institutions of the authors do not investigate the case or the possible investigation seems to be unfair or nonconclusive. The guidelines of <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> and <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> are taken into consideration regarding correction, retractions or expression of concern.RetractionJournal follows <a href="https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/retraction-guidelines-cope.pdf" target="_blank">COPE’s Retraction Guidelines</a> in case of retraction. The editor has the right to retract an article if: <ul><li>There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable; either as a result of a major error (e.g. miscalculation or experimental error), or as a result of fabrication (e.g. of data) or falsification (e.g. image manipulation).</li><li>It contains plagiarised content. </li><li>It has been published elsewhere without proper attribution. </li><li>It contains material or data without authorisation for use.</li><li>There is copyright infringement or there is some other serious legal issue.</li><li>It reports unethical research. </li><li>There is evidence that the peer-review process is compromised or manipulated.</li><li>The author(s) failed to disclose a significant competing interest (also known as a conflict of interest) that, in the opinion of the editor, would have unduly influenced the interpretation of the work or the recommendations of the editors and peer reviewers.</li></ul>In case of retraction the following steps are followed:<ul><li>Retraction notice including article title is published in a subsequent issue of the journal. The retraction notice is paginated and listed in the table of contents. </li><li>A link is provided between the retraction notice and the original article in the electronic version. </li><li>The online article is preceded by a page containing the retraction notice; the reader can then proceed to the article itself.</li><li>The original article remains unchanged, except for a watermark on the .pdf on each page stating that it has been &#34;retracted”.</li></ul>Article Removal for Legal ReasonsIn the following circumstances, except the metadata (title and authors), the text of the article is removed and a page informing that the article has been removed for legal reasons replaces the article. <ul><li>The article is found to be defamatory or to infringe the legal rights of others, and retraction is not deemed to be an adequate solution.</li><li>The article has been, or is reasonably likely to be the subject of a court order.</li><li>There is a significant risk to public health. </li></ul>

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark which serves as a  national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to  collect, preserve, and serve the content.Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with  that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of IUPress journal website.

The Artificial Intelligence Policy, prepared in light of developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and practices in scholarly publishing, sets out the editorial and ethical principles that authors, reviewers, and editors should follow when using such technologies. The following sources have been considered in the preparation of the AI policy:Committee on Publication Ethics <a href="https://publicationethics.org/guidance/cope-position/authorship-and-ai-tools" target="_blank">(COPE) - Authorship and AI tools</a>; International Committee of Medical Journal Editors <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html#four" target="_blank">(ICMJE) - Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Assisted Technology; World Association of Medical Editors  (WAME) Chatbots, Generative AI, and Scholarly Manuscripts</a><a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html#four"></a>AI-assisted technologies (such as large language models [LLMs], chatbots, or image generators) can develop and produce a wide variety of content, including text, images, audio, and synthetic data. When used ethically and safely, these capabilities can increase productivity and foster innovation, but when used without human guidance, they pose risks such as inaccurate and biased results, omissions and errors in citations, deficiencies in protecting privacy and intellectual property rights, and potential violations of authors' and publishers' rights. IUPress adopts the following core principles to avoid these risks in the use of AI:  <ul><li>Details of any AI used in the production of content (including but not limited to text, figures, images, and code) must be declared and clearly explained in the appropriate section of the paper (as an acknowledgement and/or in the methods section). </li><li>No AI tool may be listed as an author in any scientific paper. </li><li>Authors are responsible for the accuracy, completeness, and originality of their work, even if AI is used in any way; they are responsible for the proper referencing and attribution of others' ideas, data, words, or other materials. </li><li>Reviewers and editors must not upload submitted work, in whole or in part, to any generative AI application.</li></ul>In the editorial processes of IUPress publications, tools are available to assist editors in identifying AI-generated content. On the other hand, it is common to use AI tools that provide suggestions for improving and enhancing readability, language, and grammar, and such AI tools can be used in IUPress publications under the supervision of editors and authors.

Artificial Intelligence Policy

<ul><li>Authors are required to declare if they have used AI-assisted technologies (such as large language models [LLMs], chatbots, or image generators) in the creation of their submitted work. </li><li>Authors should explain, both in the cover letter and in the appropriate section of the submitted paper (as a footnote and/or in the methods section), which AI tool and which version of it they have used and for what purpose. </li><li>Authors should also indicate how they used the AI tool and how they assessed the validity of the results obtained using this technology, and what aspects of the paper, manuscript content, data or supporting files were influenced by the use of the AI tool or were generated by AI.</li><li>It is the authors' responsibility to ensure the accuracy, validity and appropriateness of content and citations generated by AI-assisted technologies and to eliminate potential errors, inconsistencies and biased results. </li><li>Authors should always check the original sources to eliminate possible plagiarism, recognising that there is a potential for plagiarism in texts produced with AI-assisted technologies. They should confirm that they have checked and that the sources are original.  </li><li>AI-assisted tools (such as ChatGPT) cannot be listed as authors because they cannot be responsible for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the work, and these responsibilities are essential to authorship. Therefore, authors are responsible for all material involving the use of AI-assisted technologies. Authors should ensure that all statements in the article that state the hypotheses, interpretations, conclusions, limitations, and implications of the study represent their own opinions.  </li><li>Studies created by authors using AI tools in the following ways, which substitute for the basic researcher's and author's responsibilities, violate the principles of scientific publishing and publication ethics, and such studies are not eligible for inclusion in publications: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Generation of text or code without rigorous review, </li><li>Generation of synthetic data to replace missing data without a robust methodology, </li><li>Creation of any inaccurate, synthetic content, including abstracts or supplementary materials, </li><li>Creation and manipulation of images and figures (pictures, graphs, data tables, medical images, image snippets, computer codes and formulae) or original research data (enhancing, hiding, moving, removing or adding a particular feature within an image or figure) using AI.</li></ul></ul>

It is essential to maintain confidentiality in the peer review process and not to share or use the reviewed work in this process. <a href="https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/ethical-guidelines-peer-reviewers-cope.pdf" target="_blank">(COPE – Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers</a>)<ul><li>Reviewers should not upload a manuscript or part of a manuscript submitted to them for review to generative AI tools or large language models to assist in the review, evaluation or decision-making process, as uploading content to such AI tools by reviewers violates the authors' privacy and property rights.  </li><li>Reviewing a scientific paper is a responsibility that can only be undertaken by human beings. The critical thinking and original evaluation required for peer review is beyond the scope of this technology, and there is a risk that the technology will produce inaccurate, incomplete or biased conclusions about the paper. The peer review report and decision letters should reflect the personal assessment of the reviewers and editors of the submitted content. The reviewer is responsible and accountable for the content of his/her report. </li><li>AI tools may be used in a limited way to improve the quality of the language of the peer review report (for translation or language editing) in the context of peer review. If such use is made, the reviewer must declare the use when submitting the report. </li><li>Reviewers who suspect inappropriate or undisclosed use of generative AI in a submission should report their concerns to the editor.</li></ul>

Editors are obliged to ensure that the confidentiality of the manuscripts submitted to the journal is maintained during the evaluation process, and it is essential that the peer-reviewed work is not shared or used outside the parties involved in that process. (COPE - Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors) <a href="https://publicationethics.org/files/Code_of_conduct_for_journal_editors_Mar11.pdf" target="_blank">(COPE – Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors)</a>.<ul><li>Editors should not upload a submitted article, or any part of it, to generative Artificial Intelligence tools or Big Language Models to assist in the review, evaluation or decision-making process, as this may violate authors' privacy and property rights. </li><li>Managing the editorial review of a scientific article implies responsibilities that can only be attributed to humans. Generative AI or AI-assisted technologies should not be used by editors to assist in the evaluation or decision-making process of an article, as the critical thinking and original evaluation required for this task is beyond the scope of this technology and there is a risk that the technology will produce inaccurate, incomplete or biased conclusions about the article. The editor is responsible and accountable for the editorial process, the final decision and its communication to the authors.</li><li>Editors should not use generative AI tools to compose decision letters or abstracts of unpublished research. </li><li>Editors may use generative AI tools to help find appropriate reviewers.</li><li>If editors suspect the use of generative AI in a submitted manuscript or a submitted referee report, they should conduct an editorial review of the matter and consider the policy.</li></ul>

Herbarium Turcicum is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing issued by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Each manuscript is reviewed by one of the editors and at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviours.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication.

Ethics

Herbarium Turcicum adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.<ul type="disc"> <li>Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.</li> <li>The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.</li> <li>The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.</li> <li>Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.</li> <li>Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.</li> <li>The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.</li> <li>In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.</li> <li>If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.</li> <li>In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.</li> </ul>

Research on wild plants, including collection of plant material must follow international principles and guidelines. The journal advises authors to comply with with the &#34;<a href="http://www.cbd.int/convention/" target="_blank">Convention on Biological Diversity</a>, <a href="http://www.cites.org/" target="_blank">Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora</a> and <a href="https://www.iucn.org/resources/commission-statement/iucn-commission-statement-research-involving-species-risk-extinction" target="_blank">IUCN Commission Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction</a>In accordance with the Environmental Law and the Convention on Biodiversity, the Permit Certificate required for the collection of all kinds of biological materials (plants, animals, microorganisms, etc.) or samples containing biological materials from nature throughout Turkey obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks must be acquired. The journal recommends following these rules.Collection of research materials from nature for scientific research for flower bulbs, whose collection, production, harvest and export from nature are subject to quota, is subject to the permission of the Ministry. The permit must be obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Plant Production (BÜGEM). To collect “Plant Genetic Resources”; Permission from BÜGEM is not sufficient. In accordance with the Environmental Law and the Convention on Biodiversity; a permit must also be obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks.  In case of entering forest, national park, wetland, conservation area etc to  collect “Plant Genetic Resources”;  the required permit document(s) for these areas must be obtained separately. The journal recommends following these rules.

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. Authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g., tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analysing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research are not sufficient for being accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/51B335D33A7F45ADBD2A0761343133E9" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form.</a>The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor-in-Chief to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. S/he provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. S/he must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.  Editor-in-chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international external referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by editor-in-chief  upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor in chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.-    Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?-    Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?-    Is the problem significant and concisely stated?-    Are the methods described comprehensively?-    Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?-    Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?-    Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

LanguageThe language of the journal is both Turkish and English.Manuscript SubmissionManuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/hturcicum" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/hturcicum</a> and it must be accompanied by a cover letter indicating that the manuscript is intended for publication, specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist), <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/B9A9DF3A02DA4279909B8F44A011662D" target="_blank">title page</a>, <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/52F61EB3844B44469E5950A17DC31EC5" target="_blank">author form</a>, and <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/0E936D4B94754E01AFAABC0AE77A65A2" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors.By submitting an article, the authors indicate that the work has not been previously published, nor is simultaneously being considered for publication elsewhere, and that it has been approved – tacitly or expressly – by all co-authors, as well as by the responsible authorities of unit where the work was produced. The publisher cannot be held legally responsible in the event of claims for compensation.Permissions Authors wishing to include figures, tables or text passages previously published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder for both print and online format and include evidence of such permission when submitting an article. Any material received without such evidence will be deemed the work of the authors.Online Submission Please follow the link “Submit manuscript” on the right and upload all relevant files following the instructions provided.Ensure that you provide all relevant editable source files. Failing to submit these source files may lead to unnecessary delays in the review and production process.TablesAll tables should be numbered using Arabic numerals.Tables should always be referenced in the text in sequential numerical order.Provide a title describing the components of each table.For tables taken from other sources, provide the source as a reference at the end of the title.Footnotes should be shown in superscript lowercase (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data) and included at the bottom of the table.Herbarium Turcicum encourages online-only publication of comprehensive tables that supplement the article but are more user-friendly in electronic form.Visual MaterialFor the best end result, it is highly recommended that all work (including photos, drawings, etc.) is submitted in electronic format. Published work is a direct reflection of the quality of the visual material provided.Electronic Figure SubmissionNumbers and letters used in figures must be on a separate layer.Specify the image editor used.The preferred format for vector graphics is EPS. For black and white images, use the TIFF format. MS Office files are also acceptable.Name Figure files &#34;Figure&#34; and the number.Figure NumberingFigures must be numbered using Arabic numerals.All figures should be referenced in the text in sequential order.Figure parts should be indicated with lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).If an appendix appears in your article and contains one or more figures, continue with the sequential numbering of the main text. Do not number appendix figures &#34;A1, A2, A3, etc.&#34; However, figures found only in the online appendices [Supplementary Information (SI)] should be numbered separately.Figure TitlesEach figure should have a short title that describes exactly what it represents. Include subtitles in the text file, not the image file.Figure titles begin with “Figure” followed by the figure number, both in bold.Do not use punctuation after the figure number or at the end of the title.Define all the figure elements in the title and use boxes, circles, etc. as coordinate points in images.Identify any and all previously published material by citing the original source as a reference at the end of the figure title.

Author Guidelines

Herbarium Turcicum publishes original articles related to herbariums and live collections that take plant systematics as the main theme. The journal encourages the inclusion of original drawings and high-quality original photographs of rare and endangered species to accompany descriptions. The full spectrum of articles accepted by the journal is presented below. The topic should be original and of interest to our readers. Submitted texts should be written in either Turkish or English with the utmost attention paid to language and spelling rules.Original Research ArticlesArticles presenting the results of empirical and theoretical research that address questions or hypotheses regarding herbariums, living collections and plant systematics.Review ArticlesArticles dealing with herbariums, living collections and the latest significant developments and advances in plant systematics. Reviews should be of interest to a wide audience and are expected to both summarize current knowledge and propose new ideas and hypotheses for future research.Letters To The EditorShort CommunicationsThese are short articles written in response or in addition to previously published research articles and provide additional scientific contributions, comments and criticism, and new findings that offer an alternative interpretation. A maximum of 3 pages (4,000 words) is recommended.Title PagePlease ensure your title page contains the following information.<ul><li>Title</li></ul>The title should be concise and informative.<ul><li>Author information</li></ul>The name(s) of the author(s),The affiliation(s) of the author(s), and their addresses,A clear indication of the corresponding author and their active e-mail address.<ul><li>Abstract</li></ul>The abstract should be 150 to 250 words and should not contain any undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.<ul><li>Keywords</li></ul>Please provide 4 to 6 keywords to be used for indexing purposes.<ul><li>Statements and Declarations</li></ul>Competing Interests: Authors are required to disclose any and all financial or non-financial interests directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication.Please note that the abstract should be available as a stand-alone document presenting the main results and conclusions of the article using simple, factual statements.Manuscript StructureThe text of a research paper should be divided into: Title Page, Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, Final Word (optional), Acknowledgments, and References. Figure captions should follow the text. Tables, Figures and Electronic Supplementary Material must be uploaded as separate files.IntroductionThe introduction should state the reason for carrying out the study and the questions under consideration, and outline the essential background information. The introduction section typically ends with specific, testable hypotheses.Materials and methodsThe materials and methods section should describe applied methods and techniques in sufficient detail to allow replication of all parts of the study. Standard techniques and approaches need not be described in detail; use references to previously published work instead.Note that for all plant material studied, a voucher specimen must be submitted to an herbarium registered with the Index Herbariorum (<a href="http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/" target="_blank">http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/</a>).Discussion and ConclusionThe Discussion section should describe and evaluate the findings in terms of the questions and hypotheses presented in the introduction and in the context of other relevant studies. The conclusion section should logically state the results, drawing attention to important details in the tables and figures.Final Word (Optional)In this section, the authors can briefly describe the main contributions and results of the research and make a clear statement about its importance and relevance.Taxonomic TreatmentDescriptions and taxonomic innovations should be presented in separate paragraphs immediately after the &#34;Discussion and Conclusion&#34; section.TextText FormattingManuscripts should be submitted in Word.Regular 10-point Times New Roman font should be used for text. Use single-line spacing and 6 pt before and after paragraph spacing. Italics may be used for emphasis.All page margins should be 2.5 cm.The automatic page numbering function should be used to number the pages.Tab stops or other commands should be used for indentations, not the spacebar.Use the table function rather than spreadsheets to make tables.Use the equation editor or MathType for equations.Files should be submitted in .docx format (Word 2007 or higher) or .doc format (older Word versions).HeadingsPlease use no more than three levels of displayed headings.AbbreviationsAbbreviations should be defined at first mention and used consistently thereafter.FootnotesFootnotes should avoided except in special circumstances which require additional clarification for a reference not adequately described by a standard citation.AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments of persons, donations, funds, etc. should be placed in a separate section on the title page. The names of funding organizations should be written in full.Scientific Style<ul><li>Use SI units and internationally accepted signs and symbols.</li><li>Species and subspecies names should be italicized in normal text. Higher taxonomic levels should not be italicized.</li><li>It is sufficient to provide plant author names at first mention of the relevant taxon, except in special circumstances. We recommend <a href="http://www.ipni.org">www.ipni.org</a> for plant authors. Please provide your source in the reference list as appropriate.</li><li>Herbarium Turcicum requires that supporting data be stored in an appropriate repository to facilitate reader access prior to final acceptance of the manuscript.</li></ul>Genetic information, such as DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, should be sent to an appropriate database such as GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/) or EMBL (<a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/embl/" target="_blank">www.ebi.ac.uk/embl/</a>). All sequences produced from next-generation sequencing techniques may be archived in an appropriate public repository such as the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra), ENA (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/about/sra_submissions) or Dryad (<a href="http://datadryad.org/" target="_blank">http://datadryad.org/</a>). TreeBase (<a href="http://www.treebase.org" target="_blank">http://www.treebase.org</a>) and Dryad http://datadryad.org/) are public access and recommended for alignments used for phylogenetic work.

Papers accepted but not yet included in the issue are published online in the Early View section and they should be cited as “advance online publication”. Citing a “personal communication” should be avoided unless it provides essential information not available from a public source, in which case the name of the person and date of communication should be cited in parentheses in the text. For scientific articles, written permission and confirmation of accuracy from the source of a personal communication must be obtained.Reference Style and FormatHerbarium Turcicum complies with APA (American Psychological Association) style 7th Edition for referencing and quoting. For more information:- American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). APA.- <a href="http://www.apastyle.org/" target="_blank">http://www.apastyle.org</a>Accuracy of citation is the author’s responsibility. All references should be cited in text. Reference list must be in alphabetical order. Type references in the style shown below.Citations in the TextCitations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year within the parenthesis.If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;).Samples:More than one citation;(Esin et al., 2002; Karasar, 1995)Citation with one author;(Akyolcu, 2007)Citation with two authors;(Sayıner &amp; Demirci, 2007)Citation with three, four, five authors;In references with three or more authors, valid for the first use; (Ailen et al., 2000)Citations in the ReferenceAll the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.Basic Reference TypesBooka) Turkish BookKarasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (8th ed.) [Preparing research reports]. 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.b) Book Translated into TurkishMucchielli, A. (1991). Zihniyetler [Mindsets] (A. Kotil, Trans.). İletişim Yayınları. (Original work was published in 1990, 7th Edition.)c) Edited BookÖren, T., Üney, T., &amp; Çölkesen, R. (Eds.). (2006). Türkiye bilişim ansiklopedisi [Turkish Encyclopedia of Informatics]. Papatya Yayıncılık.d) Turkish Book with Multiple AuthorsTonta, Y., Bitirim, Y., &amp; Sever, H. (2002). Türkçe arama motorlarında performans değerlendirme [Performance evaluation in Turkish search engines]. Total Bilişim.e) Book in EnglishKamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation.  McGraw-Hill Education.f) Chapter in an Edited BookBassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. In G. Hall &amp; C. Birchall (Eds.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 220–237). Edinburgh University Press.g) Chapter in an Edited Book in TurkishErkmen, T. (2012). Örgüt kültürü: Fonksiyonları, öğeleri, işletme yönetimi ve liderlikteki önemi [Organization culture: Its functions, elements and importance in leadership and business management]. In M. Zencirkıran (Ed.), Örgüt sosyolojisi [Organization sociology] (pp. 233–263). Dora Basım Yayın.h) Book with the same organization as author and publisherAmerican Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American psychological association (6th ed.). Author.Articlea) Turkish ArticleMutlu, B., &amp; Savaşer, S. (2007). Çocuğu ameliyat sonrası yoğun bakımda olan ebeveynlerde stres nedenleri ve azaltma girişimleri [Source and intervention reduction of stress for parents whose children are in intensive care unit after surgery]. Istanbul University Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 15(60), 179–182.b) English Articlede Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., &amp; Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002c) Journal Article with DOI and More Than Twenty AuthorsKalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., . . . Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40- year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(3), 437–471. <a href="http://doi.org/fg6rf9" target="_blank">http://doi.org/fg6rf9</a>d) Journal Article from Web, without DOISidani, S. (2003). Enhancing the evaluation of nursing care effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(3), 26-38. Retrieved from http://cjnr.mcgill.cae) Journal Article wih DOITurner, S. J. (2010). Website statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to measure library website effectiveness. Technical Services Quarterly, 27, 261–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910f) Advance Online PublicationSmith, J. A. (2010). Citing advance online publication: A review. Journal of Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1037/a45d7867g) Article in a MagazineHenry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28–31.Doctoral Dissertation, Master’s Thesis, Presentation, Proceedinga) Dissertation/Thesis from a Commercial DatabaseSarı, E. (2008). Cultural identity and politics: Interculturalism in Mardin. (Unpublished PhD Thesis). Ankara University.b) Dissertation/Thesis from an Institutional DatabaseVan Brunt, D. (1997). Networked consumer health information systems (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 9943436)c) Dissertation/Thesis from WebYaylalı-Yıldız, B. (2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Retrieved from: http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portalid) Dissertation/Thesis abstracted in Dissertations Abstracts InternationalTonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley). http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar /phd/ickapak.htmle) Master's/PhD Thesis in Dissertations Abstracts InternationalAppelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture amplifica&#173;tion, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.f) Symposium ContributionKrinsky-McHale, S. J., Zigman, W. B., &amp; Silverman, W. (2012, August). Are neuropsychiatric symptoms markers of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome? In W. B. Zigman (Chair), Predictors of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in adults with Down syndrome. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.g) Conference Paper Abstract Retrieved OnlineLiu, S. (2005, May). Defending against business crises with the help of intelligent agent based early warning solutions. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Miami, FL. Abstract retrieved from http://www.iceis.org/iceis2005/abstracts_2005.htmh) Conference Paper - In Regularly Published Proceedings and Retrieved OnlineHerculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H., &amp; Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593–12598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105i) Proceeding in Book FormSchneider, R. (2013). Research data literacy. S. Kurbanoğlu ve ark. (Ed.), Communications in Computer and Information Science: Vol. 397. Worldwide Communalities and Challenges in Information Literacy Research and Practice in (s. 134–140). Cham, İsviçre: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03919-0j) Paper PresentationNguyen, C. A. (2012, August). Humor and deception in advertising: When laughter may not be the best medicine. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.Other Sourcesa) Newspaper ArticleBrowne, R. (2010, March 21). This brainless patient is no dummy. Sydney Morning Herald, 45.b) Newspaper Article with no AuthorNew drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure.(1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.c) Web Page/Blog PostBordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/d) Online Encyclopedia/DictionaryIgnition. (1989). In Oxford English online dictionary (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://dictionary.oed.comMarcoux, A. (2008). Business ethics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/e) PodcastDunning, B. (Producer). (2011, January 12). inFact: Conspiracy theories [Audio podcast].  http://itunes.apple.com/f) Single Episode in a Television SeriesEgan, D. (Writer), &amp; Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate. [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive producer), House; New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.g) MusicFuchs, G. (2004). Light the menorah. On Eight nights of Hanukkah [CD]. Brick, NJ: Kid Kosher.

<div><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/E85256BC74D548658C24019C7CF628CD" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/B9A9DF3A02DA4279909B8F44A011662D" target="_blank">Title Page</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/A1D611D04EAE4BEFB957509AC6EB4249" target="_blank">Author Form</a></div>

Ensure that the following items are present:Cover letter to the editor<ul><li>The category of the manuscript</li><li>Confirming that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.</li><li>Including disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement.</li><li>Confirming that last control for fluent English was done.</li><li>Confirming that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.</li></ul><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8388B9F2AEAC4E05859991D438A5ACD2" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>Permission of previous published material if used in the present manuscript<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/61824E63C2FC47D785897B9E1FFCCA32" target="_blank">Author Form</a> <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/B9A9DF3A02DA4279909B8F44A011662D" target="_blank">Title page</a> <ul><li>The category of the manuscript</li><li>The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in English</li><li>All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addresses</li><li>Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax number</li><li>ORCIDs of all authors</li><li>Grant support, Conflict of interest, and Acknowledgement (if exists)</li></ul>Main Manuscript Document:<ul><li>Important: Please avoid mentioning the author (s) names in the manuscript.</li><li>The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in English</li><li>Abstracts both in Turkish  (150-250 words) and in English  (150-250 words)</li><li>Key words: 4-6 words in Turkish and in English</li><li>Extended Abstract (600-800 words) in English (only for articles in Turkish) [Extended English abstracts are not required for studies of new taxa, new records, floristic studies, scientific plant illustrations, scientific photography techniques.]</li><li>Body text</li><li>References</li><li>All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)</li></ul>

Issue Type	Regular
Editor(s)	Osman Erol, Levent Şık
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Herbarium Turcicum

ISSUE 4, 2023

Herbaryumun Ekolojik Çalışmalarda Kullanımı: Biyoçeşitlilik ve Alan İzleme

Lilium candidum L. (Ak zambak) Türünün İzmir İli Popülasyonları ve Tür Koruma Stratejileri

Türkiye Florası İçin Yeni Bir Tür Kaydı: Astragalus schmalhausenii Bunge (Fabaceae)

Campanula aghrica (Campanulaceae) için Yeni IUCN Tehlike Kategorisi Önerisi

Verbascum salgirensis Soldano (Scrophulariaceae) Türünün Tarihsel Geçmişi ve Taksonomik Değerlendirmesi

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