Meral

Animal dung serves as a crucial supplementary resource extensively utilized by rural communities worldwide. Its diverse applications include cooking, heating, and serving as a significant building material. Traditionally, animal dung has also found application in agricultural fields. Moreover, it is utilized in disease treatment, pottery making, and various other processes. This multifaceted utility has entrenched animal dung as an indispensable component of rural life for millennia.&nbsp;Since the Neolithic period, people in southeastern Turkiye have relied heavily on animal husbandry, making animal dung a cornerstone of rural life in the region. Despite its significant role in daily life and the rural economy, there has been a notable absence of systematic studies exploring the uses and cultural significance of animal dung in southeastern Turkiye. While the importance of meat and dairy products in local communities is well documented, a knowledge gap exists regarding the cultural significance of animal dung in the region. This dearth of data hampers our understanding of the role of animal dung in rural livelihoods and its cultural importance in southeastern Turkiye. Consequently, it also poses challenges in developing educated guesses and developing comprehensive interpretations of the utilization of animal dung in archaeological societies within the region.&nbsp;This study presents the findings of a 15-month ethnographic investigation into the uses and cultural significance of animal dung in rural communities in southeastern Turkiye. The research encompassed pastoral villages across the provinces of Mardin, Siirt, Diyarbakır, and Şanlıurfa. Data were gathered from 11 rural settlements, including Leblebitaş and Murattaşı villages in Diyarbakır; Çıkrık, Eğriçay, and Ertem villages in Şanlıurfa; Kekliktepe village in Siirt; and Göllü, Soğanlı, and Kütüklü villages, as well as Ortaköy and Ekinlik neighborhoods in Mardin.&nbsp;&nbsp;The ethnographic research spanned for 15 months, from November 2021 to January 2023, encompassing observations of dung use across all seasons. Particular attention was paid to discerning variations in dung utilization in response to different weather conditions throughout the year. Weather fluctuations directly influence dung preparation methods and usage patterns. Thus, pastoral settlements included in the study were visited during each season, and regular observations were conducted to document stages such as collection, processing, storage, and preservation of dung according to seasonal changes. Information was gathered on how dung is managed and stored within households during hot, dry, rainy, and cold weather conditions.Given that the predominant animal species raised in the region are cattle, sheep, goats, horses, donkeys, and camels, the study initially documented the varied uses of dung from these different animals. Moreover, recognizing that distinct socio-cultural settings can impact resource utilization in rural areas, variables such as the socio-economic status of dung users, gender-based division of labor related to dung preparation, and traditional cultural&nbsp;associations with dung use were considered during field observations. Furthermore, the collected data were compared with dung usage practices in diverse rural settings worldwide.&nbsp;A significant number of families in these villages face economic challenges and the consequences of deforestation, leading to an inability to afford an adequate supply of firewood and fuel. Consequently, they heavily rely on animal dung to address this issue. Despite the societal perception that using dung for winter heating is associated with lower social status, during the harsh winter months, nearly all families experiencing financial hardships turn to animal dung for heating their homes. In addition, almost all households in these villages use dung-cakes (tezek) for baking tandir bread, which they bake regularly. The majority of lowincome families store dried dung cakes to sustain their needs throughout the year.&nbsp;In terms of household responsibilities, while men typically oversee animal grazing activities, it is predominantly the women’s responsibility to clean barns and prepare dung for various uses. Most farmers integrate animal dung into their agricultural fields at least once every two years. Low-income families in these villages continue to construct adobe houses, where animal dung and urine are recognized as essential elements in the construction process. People also rely on animal dung for various other irregular purposes, including using it as bait in winter hunting, as a medicinal ingredient for treating ailments or for body tattooing purposes, and even as a substitute for dishwashing agents. These multifaceted usages underscore the indispensable role of animal dung in the daily lives of rural southeastern Anatolia (Turkiye).&nbsp;

Dung Use in Rural Southeastern Türkiye (Anatolia)

Ahmet

Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Alper

Bioarchaeological Assessment of Skeletal Remains from A  Salvage Excavation in Antalya Province

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Ayşe

Assist. Prof. Dr.

This study presents the first bioarchaeological examination of human remains, accompanied by a small collection of zooarchaeological remains that were discovered during the 2019 archaeological excavations at Burial 6 in the Late Roman Cemi-i Çeto cave in Siirt-Kurtalan, Southeastern Turkey. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the population structure, biological distance, height, and way of life of the Late Roman community residing in Cemi-i Çeto. Furthermore, a comparative analysis was conducted between the Cemi-i Çeto and contemporary human populations from diverse Anatolian regions.Human skeletal remains were analyzed in the Human Osteology Laboratory, while animal remains were examined at the Zooarchaeology Laboratory at Mardin Artuklu University in Turkey. Experts examined the skulls, mandibles, and hip bones to determine the sex of the human remains. To estimate the age of adult individuals, a complex aging method was employed, considering factors such as the eruption stages of deciduous and permanent teeth, epiphyseal fusion, and the length of long bones. For the age estimation of infants and children, the formulas proposed by Üner in 1972 were utilized for life table calculations. To estimate the height of the Cemi-i Çeto population, the formulas proposed by Pearson in 1899, Trotter and Gleser in 1952, and Sağır in 1994 were applied. The identification of animal bones was supported by modern reference collections available at the Zooarchaeology Laboratory of Mardin Artuklu University. To distinguish between goats and sheep, the criteria presented by Boessneck (1969) were used. The age of the cattle was estimated based on mandibular tooth wear, following the methods of Boessneck and von den Driesch in 1975 and Howell-Meurs in 2001 (p. 163). For age determination of sheep and goats, the criteria relied on epiphyseal fusion of postcranial elements, following Zeder in 2006. The age of horses and dogs was also determined based on epiphyseal fusion, following the criteria proposed by Silver in 1963 (p. 252).A total of 116 individuals and a small assemblage (n = 62) of animal bones were identified. Within the Cemi-i Çeto human population, there were 4.31% infants, 38.79% children, 22.41% females, 26.72% males, and 7.75% individuals of unknown sex. Infant and child mortality together accounted for 43.10% of the population. The population comprised 30.17% young adults, 11.20% adults, and 4.31% elderly individuals. The average age of the adult individuals was 28.67 years. However, although there was a significant difference between the average ages of adult females (28.65 years) and adult males (30.37 years). The age groups ranging from 0 to 5 years and 5 to 10 years had the highest mortality rates within&nbsp;the Cemi-i Çeto population. The average height of the Cemi-i Çeto population was 164.01 cm. Notably, both females and males in Cemi-i Çeto surpassed the average height of middleaged populations in Anatolia. The Trotter-Glesser and Sagır’s height formulas have yielded compatible results for the Cemi-i Çeto population. According to these two methods, the average height of Cemi-i Çeto females exceeded the average height of Late Roman females in Anatolia by more than 2 cm, while the average height of Cemi-i Çeto males surpassed the average height of Late Roman males in Anatolia by more than 1.2 cm. Therefore, the taller stature of individuals in the Cemi-i Çeto population can be considered as an indicator of good health within their society.Various species were identified from the small assemblage of 61 animal bones discovered in burial no. 6 at Cemi-i Ceto. These bones were scattered among a large number of human bones. The identified animal species include fox (Vulpes vulpes), dog (Canis familiaris), sheep (Ovis aries), goat (Capra hircus), cattle (Bos taurus), horse (Equus caballus), hare (Lepus europaeus), and various birds (Aves spp.). Among these, fox bones comprised the highest ratio at 35.14%, with 13 identified bones, whereas horse bones had the lowest ratio at 2.70%, consisting of only a complete radial bone. Notably, all these animal bones belonged to sub-adult to adult individuals, and no cultural marks were observed on any of these bones.The burial tradition observed at Cemi-i Ceto shares similarities with burial traditions found at other sites, such as Gercus in Batman, Dara Ancient City, and Midyat Aktas in Mardin. These sites also exhibited a significant proportion of infant and child deaths, which is a trend observed in many other contemporary populations in Anatolia. It is likely that famines, possibly caused by periodic wars, have had an impact on children, who are often more vulnerable in such circumstances. However, despite these challenges, the overall health and nutritional status of the Late Roman population at Cemi-i Ceto does not seem to be worse off compared to many other contemporary populations in Anatolia. Their diet appeared to consist of a combination of plant and animal sources, with a significant emphasis on meat and grains. In contrast, the presence of joint diseases in the Cemi-i Ceto population can be attributed to physical activities.

A Newly Discovered Rock-Cut Tomb from the Eastern Roman Empire: Human and Animal Remains from Cemi-i Çeto, SiirtKurtalan, Southeastern Anatolia, Turkiye

Hasan

19th–20th Century Greek Ossuary Architecture and Islets of the Dead in the Gulf of Edremit

Açelya

Tolga

Death and Burial: In the Light of the Graves Recovered from the Ancient City of Idyma - Akyaka Castle and its Surroundings (Muğla, Turkey)

İsmail

Yüksel

Prof. Dr.

This study focuses on the relationship patterns between the Baribas and Fulbés, the two dominant demographic elements of Banikoara, one of the 77 communes of the West African country Benin. The agricultural income earned in Benin over the years comes from the production of food products and cotton. Banikoara is the main center of cotton production in the country, where the Bariba is the main provider. While the Bariba is a sedentary community that produces cash crops, primarily cotton and also food crops, the Fulbé, a semi-nomadic community, are mostly identified with animal husbandry. They raise small livestock such as sheep and goats, and poultry, and also engage in aquaculture, including shrimp and other mollusks. Conflicts between these two communities occasionally arise from the limitations and problems in the agricultural and livestock activities of the region and ecological crises (CARDER, 2000; FAO, 2004).Banikoara consists of one urban (Banikoara-Marou city) and nine rural (Founougo, Gomparou, Goumori, Kokey, Kokiborou, Ounet, Somperekou, Soroko and Toura districts) local government districts. The rural districts (arrondisement) consist of sixty-nine (69) villages. The country’s population is diverse, with approximately thirty ethno-linguistic communities. It consists of Bariba (70%), Fulbé (23%), Dendi (1.6%), Yoruba (1.3%), Fon (0.8%) and other groups (3.3%). (RGPH4-2013). Although each of these communities speak their vernacular language, 57 different languages ​​are known to be spoken throughout the country (Bio Bigou, 1987). Bariba people speaking the Baaton language make up the majority of Banikoara’s population, while Fulbé people speaking the Fulfulbé language are the second largest community in the commune. Both communities span multiple regions and countries. Baribas are found in the Alibori, Borgou and Atacora regions of Benin and Nigeria; Fulbé people live in almost every region of Benin and in countries such as Cameroon, Nigeria, Niger, Burkina Faso, Guinea and Mali.This study explores the joking relationship, which is a bulwark against the open crises occurring between the Baribas and Fulbés of the Banikoara commune in Benin. The article is grounded in an ethnographic research conducted in 2019, employing methods such as observation, focus group discussions, and personal interviews within the Banikoara commune in Benin. The research delves into the reflections of agricultural policies aimed at rural development in the Republic of Benin, specifically examining their impact on the socioeconomic conditions of the Banikoara commune. A substantial portion of our interviews, totaling 90 individuals, engaged active members of local development associations—12 individuals from each of the 5 associations. Additionally, we interviewed religious leaders (5 individuals) and other residents of the region. This article heavily relies on interviews conducted with members of the Bariba and Fulbé communities, providing insights into their daily interactions.&nbsp;Although the ‘peaceful’ history of the two communities has been emphasized in interviews with community members and in common narratives, it is known that there are" silinecek. "conflicts" kelimesinden sonra "arise" eklenecek. Yani düzelti şöyle görünecek: ", conflicts arise between these two communities from time to time, especially due to the limitations and problems in the agricultural and livestock activities of the region and ecological crises. It is necessary to evaluate these conflicts within national and regional socio-ecological, economic, and political contexts. The first part of the article outlines the major reasons for the past and future conflicts between the Baribas and Fulbés. The second part discusses the socio-cultural implications of various types of joking relationships between these communities.Research findings point to the importance of the joking relationship between the two communities in social rapprochement processes, such as mutual adaptation, kinship, and alliance formation. The practice of joking, an ancestral tradition, has been shown to lead to a kind of virtual kinship, creating patterns of harmony and alliance. The tradition of joking facilitates neighborly relations within the commune between the Baribas and the Fulbés.&nbsp;

The Joking Relationship as a Bulwark Against Open Crises Between Baribas and Fulbés in Banikoara

Belkis

Henna

The Femoral Midshaft Index as Evidence of a Transition in Mobility Patterns in the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Populations of Anatolia

Nuran

Constantinople in the Heart: An Urban Anthropological Picture of How Istanbul’s Former Greek Minority Remember Their City

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Istanbul Anthropological Review (Istanb. Anthropol. Rev.) – İstanbul Antropoloji Dergisi is a peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly journal of the Istanbul University Department of Anthropology. Published once a year in December, IAR covers empirical and theoretical research from all the subfields of anthropology and related humanities and social sciences, including interdisciplinary studies. The publication languages of the journal are English and Turkish. 

Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Ecevit

Prof.

Güldem

Assist. Prof.

EBSCO

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Istanbul Anthropological Review

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Editor in Chief

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English Language Editor

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The annually published Istanbul Anthropological Review (IAR) aims at reaching out to researchers from various fields of humanities and social sciences, primarily from anthropology with its all subfields, and at bringing them together with a multidisciplinary audience. IAR seeks to publish methodologically innovative interdisciplinary research, conceptual papers, and book reviews, besides case studies using well-established research methods.

Aim and Scope

EBSCO Central &amp; Eastern European Academic Source EBSCO Sociology Ultimate

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The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a> The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the Journal. Only those manuscripts approved by every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the Journal requires written permission of all declared authors.Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviors. All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. Plagiarism Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. If plagiarism/self-plagiarism will be found authors will be informed. Editors may resubmit manuscript for similarity check at any peer-review or production stage if required. High similarity scores may lead to rejection of a manuscript before and even after acceptance. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity score taken from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 15 or 20%. Double Blind Peer-Review After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by the editors-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The editor provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles and hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

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The journal is an open access journal and all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read" target="_blank">BOAI</a> definition of open access.The open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) license.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Authors publishing with the journal retain the copyright to their work licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</a> ) and grant the Publisher non-exclusive commercial right to publish the work. CC BY-NC 4.0 license permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Editor should consider publishing correction if minor errors that do not effect the results, interpretations and conclusions of the published paper are detected. Editor should consider retraction if major errors and/or misconduction that invalidate results and conclusions are detected.Editor should consider issuing an expression of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are not reliable and institutions of the authors do not investigate the case or the possible investigation seems to be unfair or nonconclusive. The guidelines of <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> and <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> are taken into consideration regarding correction, retractions or expression of concern.

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark which serves as a  national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to  collect, preserve, and serve the content.Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with  that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of IUPress journal website.

Istanbul Anthropological Review (IAR) – İstanbul Antropoloji Dergisi  is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing issued by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a> All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Each manuscript is reviewed by one of the editors and at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviours.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication.

Ethics

Istanbul Anthropological Review (IAR) – İstanbul Antropoloji Dergisi adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.<ul><li>Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.</li><li>The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.</li><li>The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.</li><li>Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.</li><li>Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.</li><li>The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.</li><li>In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.</li><li>If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.</li><li>In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.</li></ul>

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. Authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g., tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analysing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research are not sufficient for being accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/A0C74FA9E8E5490CB4212A624DA674FC" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form.</a>The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor-in-Chief to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. S/he provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. S/he must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. Editor-in-chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international external referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by editor-in-chief upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor-in-chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal. Reviewers’ judgments must be objective.Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.- Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?- Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?- Is the problem significant and concisely stated?- Are the methods described comprehensively?- Are the interpretations and conclusions justified by the results?- Are references made to other works in the field adequate?- Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and they must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the reviewing process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and members of editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

Manuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iar" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iar</a> and it must be accompanied by a cover letter indicating that the manuscript is intended for publication, specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist), <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/2692BE4371C3468A89535DEEFB74E8F8" target="_blank">title page</a>, <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/BA6CFEF67757432BA0C490DA3C2CCE21" target="_blank">author form</a>, and <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/E82A52FE8ED046F5A0930324DCCB3E71" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors.1. The manuscripts should be in A4 paper standards: having 2.5 cm margins from right, left, bottom and top, Times New Roman font style in 11 font size and line spacing of 1.5. Due to double blind peer review, the main manuscript document must not include any author information.2. A title page including author information must be submitted together with the manuscript. The title page is to include fully descriptive title of the manuscript and, affiliation, title, e-mail address, postal address and phone number of the author(s) (see The Submission Checklist).3. Before the introduction part, there should be an abstract of 180-240 words in English. If the manuscript is in Turkish, both abstract in Turkish between 180-240 word and extended abstract in English between 600-800 word is required. Underneath the abstracts, 3 keywords that inform the reader about the content of the study should be specified. 4. The manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords; extended abstract in English, sections and references.5. Tables, graphs and figures can be given with a number and a defining title.6. References should be prepared in accordance with American Psychological Association (APA) 6 reference system. 7. Authors are responsible for all statements made in their work submitted to the Journal for publication.

Author Guidelines

Papers accepted but not yet included in the issue are published online in the Early View section and they should be cited as “advance online publication”. Citing a “personal communication” should be avoided unless it provides essential information not available from a public source, in which case the name of the person and date of communication should be cited in parentheses in the text. For scientific articles, written permission and confirmation of accuracy from the source of a personal communication must be obtained.Reference Style and FormatIstanbul Anthropological Review – İstanbul Antropoloji Dergisi complies with APA (American Psychological Association) style 6th Edition for referencing and quoting. For more information:- American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American PsychologicalAssociation (6th ed.). Washington, DC: APA.- <a href="http://www.apastyle.org/" target="_blank">http://www.apastyle.org</a> Accuracy of citation is the author’s responsibility. All references should be cited in text. Reference list must be in alphabetical order. Type references in the style shown below.Citations in the TextCitations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year within the parenthesis.If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;).Samples:More than one citation;(Esin et al., 2002; Karasar, 1995)Citation with one author;(Akyolcu, 2007)Citation with two authors;(Sayıner &amp; Demirci, 2007)Citation with three, four, five authors;First citation in the text: (Ailen, Ciambrune, &amp; Welch, 2000) Subsequent citations in the text: (Ailen et al., 2000)Citations with more than six authors;(Çavdar et al., 2003)Citations in the ReferenceAll the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.Basic Reference TypesBooka) Turkish BookKarasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (8th ed.) [Preparing research reports]. Ankara, Turkey: 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.b) Book Translated into TurkishMucchielli, A. (1991). Zihniyetler [Mindsets] (A. Kotil, Trans.). İstanbul, Turkey: İletişim Yayınları.c) Edited BookÖren, T., Üney, T., &amp; Çölkesen, R. (Eds.). (2006). Türkiye bilişim ansiklopedisi [Turkish Encyclopedia of Informatics]. İstanbul, Turkey: Papatya Yayıncılık.d) Turkish Book with Multiple AuthorsTonta, Y., Bitirim, Y., &amp; Sever, H. (2002). Türkçe arama motorlarında performans değerlendirme [Performance evaluation in Turkish search engines]. Ankara, Turkey: Total Bilişim.e) Book in EnglishKamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.f) Chapter in an Edited BookBassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. In G. Hall &amp; C. Birchall (Eds.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 220–237). Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.g) Chapter in an Edited Book in TurkishErkmen, T. (2012). Örgüt kültürü: Fonksiyonları, öğeleri, işletme yönetimi ve liderlikteki önemi [Organization culture: Its functions, elements and importance in leadership and business management]. In M. Zencirkıran (Ed.), Örgüt sosyolojisi [Organization sociology] (pp. 233–263). Bursa, Turkey: Dora Basım Yayın.h) Book with the same organization as author and publisherAmerican Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American psychological association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.Articlea) Turkish ArticleMutlu, B., &amp; Savaşer, S. (2007). Çocuğu ameliyat sonrası yoğun bakımda olan ebeveynlerde stres nedenleri ve azaltma girişimleri [Source and intervention reduction of stress for parents whose children are in intensive care unit after surgery]. Istanbul University Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 15(60), 179–182.b) English Articlede Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., &amp; Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002c) Journal Article with DOI and More Than Seven AuthorsLal, H., Cunningham, A. L., Godeaux, O., Chlibek, R., Diez-Domingo, J., Hwang, S.-J. ... Heineman, T. C. (2015). Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 2087–2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1501184d) Journal Article from Web, without DOISidani, S. (2003). Enhancing the evaluation of nursing care effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(3), 26–38. Retrieved from http://cjnr.mcgill.cae) Journal Article wih DOITurner, S. J. (2010). Website statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to measure library website effectiveness. Technical Services Quarterly, 27, 261–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910f) Advance Online PublicationSmith, J. A. (2010). Citing advance online publication: A review. Journal of Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a45d7867g) Article in a MagazineHenry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28–31.Doctoral Dissertation, Master’s Thesis, Presentation, Proceedinga) Dissertation/Thesis from a Commercial DatabaseVan Brunt, D. (1997). Networked consumer health information systems (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 9943436)b) Dissertation/Thesis from an Institutional DatabaseYaylalı-Yıldız, B. (2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portalic) Dissertation/Thesis from WebTonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley). Retrieved from http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar /phd/ickapak.htmld) Dissertation/Thesis abstracted in Dissertations Abstracts InternationalAppelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture amplifica&#173;tion, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.e) Symposium ContributionKrinsky-McHale, S. J., Zigman, W. B., &amp; Silverman, W. (2012, August). Are neuropsychiatric symptoms markers of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome? In W. B. Zigman (Chair), Predictors of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in adults with Down syndrome. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.f) Conference Paper Abstract Retrieved OnlineLiu, S. (2005, May). Defending against business crises with the help of intelligent agent based early warning solutions. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Miami, FL. Abstract retrieved from http://www.iceis.org/iceis2005/abstracts_2005.htmg) Conference Paper - In Regularly Published Proceedings and Retrieved OnlineHerculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H., &amp; Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593–12598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105h) Proceeding in Book FormParsons, O. A., Pryzwansky, W. B., Weinstein, D. J., &amp; Wiens, A. N. (1995). Taxonomy for psychology. In J. N. Reich, H. Sands, &amp; A. N. Wiens (Eds.), Education and training beyond the doctoral degree: Proceedings of the American Psychological Association National Conference on Postdoctoral Education and Training in Psychology (pp. 45–50). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.i) Paper PresentationNguyen, C. A. (2012, August). Humor and deception in advertising: When laughter may not be the best medicine. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.Other Sourcesa) Newspaper ArticleBrowne, R. (2010, March 21). This brainless patient is no dummy. Sydney Morning Herald, 45.b) Newspaper Article with no AuthorNew drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.c) Web Page/Blog PostBordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/d) Online Encyclopedia/DictionaryIgnition. (1989). In Oxford English online dictionary (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://dictionary.oed. comMarcoux, A. (2008). Business ethics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/e) PodcastDunning, B. (Producer). (2011, January 12). inFact: Conspiracy theories [Video podcast]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com/f) Single Episode in a Television SeriesEgan, D. (Writer), &amp; Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate. [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive producer), House; New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.g) MusicFuchs, G. (2004). Light the menorah. On Eight nights of Hanukkah [CD]. Brick, NJ: Kid Kosher.

<div><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/034BA2C952994000A3418B95C262860F" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/7A63783CDC904514A65AC40EA1E067E2" target="_blank">Author Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/15312F3FEE1B46B2A6068815EBE2784F" target="_blank"></a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/9AE013F4C1164F238B3D123026CF3DE5" target="_blank">Title page</a></div>

Ensure that the following items are present: Cover letter<ul><li>Confirm that the category of the manuscript is indicated.</li><li>Confirm that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.</li><li>Confirm that final language control is done.</li><li>Confirm that journal policies have been reviewed.</li><li>Confirm that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in line APA 6 reference system.</li></ul><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/489D4DDC6EF540DC8736CFCC533D9A23" target="_blank"></a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/E9CD13F5B7AD431F9C819A67F16A708C" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> Permission for non-published material<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/42C11BE98B23426C8066C4391F59EC0A" target="_blank">Author Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/15312F3FEE1B46B2A6068815EBE2784F" target="_blank"></a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/847176D0EADC4D93A3D86CFD9887B397" target="_blank">Title page</a><ul><li>The category of the manuscript</li><li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the manuscript and in English</li><li>All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addresses</li><li>Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax number</li><li>ORCIDs of all authors.</li><li>Acknowledgements, grant supports, conflicts of interest should be indicated</li></ul>Main Manuscript Document<ul><li>Important: Please avoid mentioning the author (s) names in the manuscript.</li><li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the manuscript and in English</li><li>Abstracts (180-240 words) both in the language of manuscript and in English</li><li>Key words: 5 words both in the language of manuscript and in English</li><li>Extended abstract (600-800 words) in English (required only for articles in Turkish)</li><li>Manuscript body text</li><li>References</li></ul>

Istanbul Anthropological Review

IAR

EARLY VIEW

Dung Use in Rural Southeastern Türkiye (Anatolia)

Bioarchaeological Assessment of Skeletal Remains from A Salvage Excavation in Antalya Province

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