Hüseyin

Res. Assist.

GÜÇLÜ KAPİTALİSTLERİN KARARLARI VE BELİRSİZLİK: RASYONEL  BEKLENTİLER YAKLAŞIMI

Gülden

The crisis of 2007-2008 was the largest financial crisis since the 1930s and is characterised by being the deepest, most large scale and severe crisis of its predecessors. Davis and Karim (2008) suggested that the global financial crisis of 2007-2008 was revealed as a surprise for both most of the market participants and policymakers. In the early years of 2007, financial institutions such as the European Central Bank (ECB), BIS and the IMF couldn’t anticipate the severity of the crisis or its scope of the international. The recent financial crisis has triggered significant debates concerning economic theory and policy. The most important discussions focused on the question ‘why was the crisis not foreseen?’. In this context, the question that why the global financial crisis in 2007-2008 is not foreseen is considered in three different perspectives. The first view is that the crisis could not be predicted by economists in general and that the recent financial crisis emerged as a surprise for most of the academicians and policy makers. In this respect, the most important criticism towards the question “Why wasn’t the crisis predicted” is directed to the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models. These models include real sector variables except for money supply and interest rates. Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models provide detailed predictions about the real economy. Moreover, the equations that composed in these models do not include finance and banking sectors despite the fact that their failures may turn the general economy upside-down. Therefore, It is indicated that by their nature of these models don’t have the appropriate tools in order to struggle with the financial crisis and a suitable structure that cover the dynamics of the crisis. Considering that the long-term stagnations were due to the balance sheet problems partly in the financial sector as a result of the collapse of asset prices since the late 1980s (Bezemer, 2009: 19), necessitate the inclusion of financial markets to these models. Existing deficiencies in Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models emerged along with the global crisis. Thus, since 2016, The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) began to use a new macroeconomic model called MARTIN (Macroeconomic Relationships for Targeting INflation) in its policy analysis and forecasts. In this respect, the study provides a discussion of the methods used by economists in analysing the economy and formulating their proposals. Within this scope, two explanations can be given to the question of why the 2008 global financial crisis could not be predicted. The first was that the failure of economists to expand these models in a way to cover the risk of crisis or consciously prefer to do not so (Davies and McGoey, 2012). The second explanation is the fact that the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models that widely used today keep the especially financial markets out of the model, underestimated the new financial system created by financial institutions and weaknesses in risk assessment techniques. Considering all these factors, it may help explain the question of why the 2007-2008 global crisis couldn’t be predicted. The second view is that the crisis was predicted by some of the economists, but&nbsp;these predictions were not considered and ignored. As mentioned above, the idea that “no one could foresee the crisis” is a widespread opinion among the public, policymakers, and economists in general. Contrary to this view, although the economist/finance managers who are predicting the crisis warned that predominantly financial globalization, the real estate market of the U.S. and derivative products have significant risks, the question of ignoring why these warnings can be answered with a tendency towards “strategic ignorance”. The last opinion is the approach that economics/economists do not need to predict the crisis. This approach explains in the framework of the efficient market hypothesis and rational expectations that economics or economist does not need to predict the crisis.

2007-2008 Küresel Finansal Krizin Öngörülebilirliği Üzerine Tartışmalar

@JOURNAL_BOX_MOSTREAD

Prof.

Corruption and Public Service in an Extended Solowian Growth Model with Endogenous Labor Supply

Emerson

Mohamed

Edmund

Augustine

Adoption of Inflation Targeting in Sierra Leone: An Empirical Discourse

Mert

Assoc. Prof.

Lütfi

Economic theory is in a broad consensus that enhancing youth population’s prospects is the most effective way to achieve productive employment and sustainable economic growth. Therefore, every single country cares about the status of the younger population and invests in their human capital in order to reach these macroeconomic goals. Despite of all these efforts, however, youth unemployment rates have still been very high across the globe over the last two decades. For example, the average youth unemployment rate for Organization for Economic Cooperation &amp; Development countries as well as European Union (EU) member states was above 12%, which was slightly higher than that for Turkey in the early 2000s. In the late 2010s, however, Turkey experienced youth unemployment rates almost over 20%, which was higher than the averages experienced by the EU and OECD countries. Given this prominence, it is very important to investigate the dynamics of youth unemployment to shed light on what drives the youth labor force to become unemployed. In this direction, there exist a great number of studies examining the dynamics of youth unemployment, not only for multi-country cases (see, for example: Awad, 2019; Jimeno and Rodriguez-Palenzuela, 2003; among others), but also for those in the case of Turkey (see, for example: Kabaklarli and Gur, 2011; Sever and Igdeli, 2018; among others). Although the literature in the case of Turkey is very well-documented, we still do not know much about what the dynamics are once the issue is using micro-level data. To the best of our knowledge, Didin Sonmez and Ozerkek (2018) is the only study that examines this issue in Turkey from the regional point of view.&nbsp;In terms of market structure, Turkey looks like a men-dominated labor market where only one third of women participate in. When the split between youth female unemployment and youth male unemployment is examined, in addition, it is very apparent that average unemployment of youth females is higher than that of youth males. It is therefore likely to expect that regional unemployment dynamics in Turkey could vary by gender.&nbsp;Given the aforementioned information, the goal of this study is to investigate the determinants of youth unemployment in 26 regions categorized under NUTS-2 in order to find out whether those determinants vary by gender. To this end, we use annual observations spanning from 2014 to 2019 within a regional panel framework.Having found that all the variables in the system are I(0), we estimate the slope coefficients using regression with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors, proposed by Driscoll and Kraay (1998). The error structure in this estimator is assumed to be heteroskedastic, autocorrelated up to some lag, and possibly correlated between the cross sections. Given that this approach does not limit the number of cross sections, it becomes very feasible even when the number of cross sections is much larger than the time dimension. Estimation results indicate that per capita income negatively affects both total youth unemployment and youth unemployment by gender. Relative cohort size and internal migration positively affects all of the three youth unemployment categories. An increase in the inflation rate increases youth female unemployment whereas youth male unemployment decreases with inflation. In addition, while an increase in age at first marriage increases youth female unemployment, it decreases youth male unemployment.&nbsp;Overall, the findings reveal that the impact that regional youth unemployment dynamics has on youth female unemployment is greater than on youth male unemployment. As a crucial policy recommendation, this study emphasizes that gender-based differences should be taken into account while developing policies towards the integration of youth into the labor market. In order to eliminate the exclusion effect that the findings address, for instance, youth female-oriented employment policies should be supported much more. Other potential policy implications pertaining to the empirical results are also discussed in the study.

Türkiye’de Bölgesel Genç İşsizlik: Belirleyiciler Cinsiyete Göre Değişken mi?

Asef

Turkey’s economy has recently undergone several major financial crises among which the 2000-2001 crisis seriously hit the banking sector through exchange rate fluctuations. Exchange rate shocks have become a source of risk for the banking sector. After the crisis, many banks were liquidated through the TMSF (Savings Deposit Insurance Fund), and strict supervision and surveillance measures were implemented; as a result, the sector recovered from the shock. Due to the uncompromising maintenance of these measures, the sector was not affected by the Global Financial Crisis in 2008, and proved itself to be one of the most robust banking systems among its counterparts within the framework of the Basel criteria. However, the growth of foreign capital share in the sector during the recent years and the increase of syndicated loans and foreign currency deposit accounts led to a rise in foreign exchange liabilities of Turkish banks, and hence, the vulnerability of the sector to sudden increases in exchange rates.Major emerging economies such as Turkey have a rapid growth. However, in many of these countries, the national savings level is not sufficient to support the growth process and the savings deficit covered by foreign funds. When these funds are short-term and speculative, then, there is a problem regarding the sensitivity to exchange rate shocks.&nbsp;The increase in the share of foreign capital in the Turkish banking sector is seen during the recent years. The increase in the foreign exchange liabilities of banks is due to syndicated loans and high foreign exchange deposit accounts making the sector vulnerable to sudden increases in exchange rates. It was observed that excessive volatility as well as sudden and large increases in foreign exchange rates pose a risk for banks. The findings of the studies reviewed in the literature indicate that this situation adversely affects the performance of the banking sector.In the analyses carried out on the exchange rate and the banking crises, which are called “twin crises” due to their relation and succession, the relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and the banking crises is ignored, and the effects on the performance of the banking sector are ignored. In other words, the effects of exchange rate fluctuations on the banking sector performance is an important but neglected research topic.This study has two objectives: first, to examine the effects of the movements in exchange rates on the performance of the Turkish banking sector using the ARDL model for the time period of 2007 to 2016; second, to make suggestions for the improvement of the banking sector performance. Apart from the exchange rates, other factors affecting the banking sector performance have not been considered in the study.This paper consists of three parts. In the first part, the factors affecting the banking sector performance are reviewed within the framework of the literature review. The examined studies were conducted on developed and developing countries. In the second part, there are evaluations regarding the general outlook of the Turkish banking sector. In the third part, the relationship between the fluctuations in the exchange rate and the performance of the banking sector is investigated with the aid of an econometric model. In the econometric analysis, the course of the banking sector in the face of rising exchange rates is traced and an answer is sought for the question of whether there is a long-term relationship between the exchange rate fluctuations and the banking sector performance.In the literature, indicators such as return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are used to measure and evaluate profitability-based bank performance, and analyze the market structure. Studies on profitability-based performance in developed countries have increased since the late 1970s. In the first studies, like Short’s (1979), the relations between profitability and concentration were discussed. In other important studies, including Demirgüç-Knut and Huizinga (1999), Goddard et al. (2004), Athanasoglouv.d. (2006) and Dietrich and Wanzenried (2010), the focus was on the effects of internal and external factors on the profit or interest margin performance.A peer integration analysis was conducted to investigate the long-term relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and the banking sector performance. As the analysis technique, the Peseranv.d. (2001), ARDL model developed by Pesaran and Shin (1999) was used. In this study, ROA, ROE and NIM variables were used as dependent variables, and Dollar and Euro exchange rates were used as independent variables.The monthly data of 2007 to 2018 used in the analysis are derived from the official websites of the Banks Association of Turkey and the Central Bank. According to the analysis results, the Turkish banks’ profitibility performance was not affected by exchange rate&nbsp;fluctuations, and it could be stated that the Turkish banking system is resistant to the exchange rate shocks.There are many methods to minimize the exchange rate risk. Many of these methods are available in the futures market. Therefore, the development of the futures market is important in terms of making the banking sector resistant to the exchange rate risk. For this purpose, the infrastructure of the sector should be strengthened by fully complying with the regulations restricting foreign exchange risk sensitive transactions, establishing and following policies that encourage banks to share their experiences in this matter, and observing international standards and criteria.

Döviz Kurlarının Bankacılık Sektörünün Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği (2007-2016)

@JOURNAL_BOX_CURRENT

@JOURNAL_BOX_EARLYVIEW

Hasan

KOBİ’LERİN ULUSLARARASI TİCARETTE KARŞILAŞTIĞI TARİFE DEZAVANTAJLARI

Şule

Öğretim Görevlisi

Elifcan

Ahmet

In the globalized world market, the developments made in the fields of trade and industry are of great importance for countries to achieve economic growth. With this movement, the liberalization of trade positively affected the course of international trade in general. As a result of international trade becoming a competitive factor between countries and companies, logistics attracts attention. In line with these developments, the logistics sector gains a strategic dimension and acts as a lever in the economy in order to ensure the sustainability of international trade in the desired dimensions. The logistics sector is one of the most important sectors that attracts intense attention with its investments in the country’s economy, employment and national income, and the development of it through globalized trading networks. In particular, enterprises and countries aiming to increase their competitiveness have been making significant investments for the development of the sector and have great expectations about the possible returns of the sector. As a result of the investments and the expectations, manufacturing sectors are highly affected by the logistics parameters. In addition to this, the investments made for logistics directly affect the commercial formation of businesses or countries in a positive way and increase the trade volume.The importance of logistics for companies and countries in terms of global trade develops and eventually becomes vital. The importance of logistics may vary for the countries in terms of geographies and logistic opportunities. Especially for the countries who have a coast side and can ensure sea transportation efficiently may gain greater profit. Otherwise, it can be observed that the countries in the same region have similarities in terms of economics and global trade. In this study, the common point in logistics activities and the economic point of view are similar to each other. In order to examine the economic magnitude of the countries and the effect of logistics activities on the economic magnitude of the countries concerned, The impact of the logistics sector on the economies of the 15 Mediterranean coasts was analyzed for the period 1980-2018 using the logistic performance index and gross domestic product values with panel data analysis. The results of the analysis covering the years 2007, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016 revealed a moderate positive relationship and 32% of the changes in the gross domestic product could be explained by the logistic performance index. On the other hand the strongest relationship between the gross domestic product and logistics performance index is observed Turkey and Albania. Changes in the value of gross domestic product in Turkey and Albania is explained by the high proportion of logistics performance index. This situation shows the importance of logistics activities in the economic magnitude of the two countries concerned. In addition, it is determined that if countries concentrate heavily on “Infrastructure” and “Customs” activities among the activities constituting the logistic performance index, they may have higher gross domestic product.

Lojistik Faaliyetlerin Akdeniz Ülke Ekonomileri ile İlişkisi

@JOURNAL_BOX_FEATURED

Journal of Economic Policy Researches - İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi is the publication of Istanbul University Center for Practice and Research in Economic Policy . It is an open access, peer-reviewed, international, scholarly journal published biannually in January and July. The manuscripts submitted for publication inthe journal must be scientific and original work in Turkish or English.

Journal of Economic Policy Researches - İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi aims to publish articles of high quality dealing with issues in economic policy which impact on national and global economies. The journal provides an international forum for economic theory and practice and aims to publish highly selective, widely cited articles of current relevance that will have a long-term impact on economics research.

Journal of Economic Policy Researches - İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi covers analytical, interpretive, and empirical studies in a number of areas—including political economy, monetary theory and policy, fiscal policy, labor economics, development, micro- and macroeconomic theory, international trade and finance, financial economics, transport economics and social economics.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

RePEc IDEAS

RePEc EconPapers

TR Dizin

@METRIC_VOLUMES

@METRIC_ISSUES

@METRIC_ARTICLES

@METRIC_OPENACCESS

Journal of Economic Policy Researches

@INFO_TAB_ABOUT

Editor in Chief

Editor

Associate Editor

Language Editor

Editorial Board Member

@INFO_TAB_BOARDS

Journal of Economic Policy Researches - İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi aims to publish articles of high quality dealing with issues in economic policy which impact on national and global economies. The journal provides an international forum for economic theory and practice and aims  to publish highly selective, widely cited articles of current relevance that will have a long-term impact on economics research.Journal of Economic Policy Researches - İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi covers analytical, interpretive, and empirical studies in a number of areas—including political economy, monetary theory and policy, fiscal policy, labor economics, development, micro- and macroeconomic theory, international trade and finance, financial economics, transport economics and social economics.

Aim and Scope

<ul type="disc"> <li>RePEc IDEAS</li> <li>RePEc EconPapers</li> </ul>

Indexing and Abstracting

The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the journal. The journal gives priority to original researchpapers submitted for publication.Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticatesoftware. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.Short presentations that took place in scientific meetings can be referred if indicated in the article.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims. Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the Journal requires written permission of all declared authors. Refused manuscripts and graphics are not returned to the author.

Policies

Journal of Economic Policy Researches - İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.Journal of Economic Policy Researches - İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, are open access articles licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en</a> )

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Authors publishing with Journal of Economic Policy Researches - İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi retain the copyright to their work, licensing it under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license that gives permission to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format other than commercial purposes as well as remix, transform and build upon the material by providing appropriate credit to the original work.

Journal of Economic Policy Researches - İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced. Each manuscript is reviewed by one of the editors and at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication.

Ethics

Journal of Economic Policy Researches - İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.- Principles of integrity, quality and ransparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.- The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.- The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.- Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.- Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.- The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.- In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.- If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.- In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="http://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/FileHandler2.ashx?f=copyright_agreement_form_jepr.doc" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>. The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor-in-Chief to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.  Editor-in-chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by editor-in-chief  upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor in chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.-    Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?-    Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?-    Is the problem significant and concisely stated?-    Are the methods described comprehensively?-    Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?-    Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?-    Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process. The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

LanguageThe language of the journal is both Turkish and American English.Manuscript Organization and FormatAll correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified. Manuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="http://dergipark.gov.tr/login" target="_blank">http://dergipark.gov.tr/login</a> that can be accessed at <a href="http://istanbul.edu.tr:8080/en/journal/jepr/home" target="_blank">http://istanbul.edu.tr:8080/en/journal/jepr/home</a>. It must be accompanied by a <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8B20DEB62CBF403F814A12C0F208F32B" target="_blank">title page</a> specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist), a cover letter. Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word 2007 and upper versions. In addition, a <a href="http://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/FileHandler2.ashx?f=copyright_agreement_form_jepr.doc" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted.1. The manuscripts should be in A4 paper standards: having 2.5 cm margins from right, left, bottom and top, Times New Roman font style in 12 font size and line spacing of 1.5 format.2. Footnotes, figures and tables should be placed as much as possible within the page in which they are referred or within the following page. The notes below the figures or tables should be aimed to make these materials understandable without returning to the main text. Tables and Graphics should not be computer output and must fit to A4 paper size.3. Before the introduction part, there should be an abstract of 200-250 words both in English and Turkish. Extended abstract is not required for articles in English. The abstracts should concisely present the aim or the purpose of the study, the methodology, the results, and the conclusion remarks. The abstracts must not contain abbreviations or acronyms. Underneath the abstracts, 5 keywords that inform the reader about the content of the study should be specified in Turkish and in English.4. Submitted manuscripts must involve three JEL code (Journal of Economic Literature) at two digit level (i.e., Q11). For the JEL codes which should be chosen according to the subject of the manuscript, the JEL list given in the web address of <a href="http://www.aeaweb.org/journal/jel_class_system.html" target="_blank">http://www.aeaweb.org/journal/jel_class_system.html</a>  can be used.5. The manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title in English and Turkish, abstract in English and Turkish and keywords in English and Turkish; extended abstract (if the article is in Turkish), sections, footnotes and references.6. Research article sections are ordered as follows: “Introduction”, “Aim and Methodology”, “Findings”, “Discussion and Conclusion”, “Endnotes” and “References”. For review and commentary articles, the article should start with the “Introduction” section where the purpose and the method is mentioned, go on with the other sections; and it should be finished with “Discussion and Conclusion” section followed by “Endnotes”, “References” and “Tables and Figures”.7. Submitted manuscript should contain Turkish and English title of the manuscript, Turkish and English abstracts, Turkish and English keywords, JEL Classification, the main body of the manuscript and references. All should be submitted in one 2007 word document.8. <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8B20DEB62CBF403F814A12C0F208F32B" target="_blank">Title page</a> including author information must be submitted together with the manuscript. The title page is to include fully descriptive title of the manuscript and authors’ information (affiliation, title, e-mail address, postal address, phone, fax number and ORCID). See The Submission Checklist.9. The responsibility of the articles published in the Journal of Economic Policy Researches belongs to the author.10. In the manuscripts in Turkish, the orthography and writing rules of Turkish Language Association (TDK) should be followed. For detailed information, please go to the web site of TDK: <a href="http://www.tdk.gov.tr/" target="_blank">www.tdk.gov.tr</a>. Instead of foreign words, usage of Turkish words should be preferred. In case of using new or unfamiliar Turkish words, the English equivalent can be provided in parenthesis in the first occurrence.11. All manuscripts submitted in English language, and all English parts of the Turkish manuscripts should be edited professionally before submission.  Apart from its content, some of the manuscripts which are poor in language usage are returned/ rejected.12. Communication regarding manuscript submission and evaluation procedure is done via e-mail.13. For information regarding citations and reference format, please see References section.

Author Guidelines

Although references to review articles can be an efficient way to guide readers to a body of literature, review articles do not always reflect original work accurately. Readers should therefore be provided with direct references to original research sources whenever possible. On the other hand, extensive lists of references to original work on a topic can use excessive space on the printed page. Small numbers of references to key original papers often serve as well as more exhaustive lists, particularly since references can now be added to the electronic version of published papers, and since electronic literature searching allows readers to retrieve published literature efficiently. Papers accepted but not yet included in the issue are published online in the Early View section and they should be cited as “advance online publication”. Citing a “personal communication” should be avoided unless it provides essential information not available from a public source, in which case the name of the person and date of communication should be cited in parentheses in the text. For scientific articles, written permission and confirmation of accuracy from the source of a personal communication must be obtained. Accuracy of citation is the author’s responsibility. All references should be cited in text. Reference list must be in alphabetical order.Reference Style and FormatJournal of Economic Policy Researches - İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi complies with APA (American Psychological Association)  style 6th Edition for referencing and quoting. For more information:- American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American PsychologicalAssociation (6th ed.). Washington, DC: APA.- <a href="http://www.apastyle.org" target="_blank">http://www.apastyle.org</a>Accuracy of citation is the author’s responsibility. All references should be cited in text. Reference list must be in alphabetical order. Type references in the style shown below.Citations in the TextCitations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year within the parenthesis. If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;).Samples:More than one citation;(Esin et al., 2002; Karasar, 1995)Citation with one author;(Akyolcu, 2007)Citation with two authors;(Sayıner &amp; Demirci, 2007)Citation with three, four, five authors;First citation in the text: (Ailen, Ciambrune, &amp; Welch, 2000) Subsequent citations in the text: (Ailen et al., 2000)Citations with more than six authors;(Çavdar et al., 2003)Citations in the ReferenceAll the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.Basic Reference TypesBooka) Turkish BookKarasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (8th ed.) [Preparing research reports]. Ankara, Turkey: 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.b) Book Translated into TurkishMucchielli, A. (1991). Zihniyetler [Mindsets] (A. Kotil, Trans.). İstanbul, Turkey: İletişim Yayınları.c) Edited BookÖren, T., Üney, T., &amp; Çölkesen, R. (Eds.). (2006). Türkiye bilişim ansiklopedisi [Turkish Encyclopedia of Informatics]. İstanbul, Turkey: Papatya Yayıncılık.d) Turkish Book with Multiple AuthorsTonta, Y., Bitirim, Y., &amp; Sever, H. (2002). Türkçe arama motorlarında performans değerlendirme [Performance evaluation in Turkish search engines]. Ankara, Turkey: Total Bilişim.e) Book in EnglishKamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.f) Chapter in an Edited BookBassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. In G. Hall &amp; C. Birchall (Eds.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 220–237). Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.g) Chapter in an Edited Book in TurkishErkmen, T. (2012). Örgüt kültürü: Fonksiyonları, öğeleri, işletme yönetimi ve liderlikteki önemi [Organization culture: Its functions, elements and importance in leadership and business management]. In M. Zencirkıran (Ed.), Örgüt sosyolojisi [Organization sociology] (pp. 233–263). Bursa, Turkey: Dora Basım Yayın.h) Book with the same organization as author and publisherAmerican Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American psychological association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.Articlea) Turkish ArticleMutlu, B., &amp; Savaşer, S. (2007). Çocuğu ameliyat sonrası yoğun bakımda olan ebeveynlerde stres nedenleri ve azaltma girişimleri [Source and intervention reduction of stress for parents whose children are in intensive care unit after surgery]. Istanbul University Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 15(60), 179–182.b) English Articlede Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., &amp; Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002c) Journal Article with DOI and More Than Seven AuthorsLal, H., Cunningham, A. L., Godeaux, O., Chlibek, R., Diez-Domingo, J., Hwang, S.-J. ... Heineman, T. C. (2015). Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 2087–2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1501184d) Journal Article from Web, without DOISidani, S. (2003). Enhancing the evaluation of nursing care effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(3), 26–38. Retrieved from http://cjnr.mcgill.cae) Journal Article wih DOITurner, S. J. (2010). Website statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to measure library website effectiveness. Technical Services Quarterly, 27, 261–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910f) Advance Online PublicationSmith, J. A. (2010). Citing advance online publication: A review. Journal of Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a45d7867g) Article in a MagazineHenry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28–31.Doctoral Dissertation, Master’s Thesis, Presentation, Proceedinga) Dissertation/Thesis from a Commercial DatabaseVan Brunt, D. (1997). Networked consumer health information systems (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 9943436)b) Dissertation/Thesis from an Institutional DatabaseYaylalı-Yıldız, B. (2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portalic) Dissertation/Thesis from WebTonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley). Retrieved from http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar /phd/ickapak.htmld) Dissertation/Thesis abstracted in Dissertations Abstracts InternationalAppelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture amplifica&#173;tion, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.e) Symposium ContributionKrinsky-McHale, S. J., Zigman, W. B., &amp; Silverman, W. (2012, August). Are neuropsychiatric symptoms markers of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome? In W. B. Zigman (Chair), Predictors of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in adults with Down syndrome. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.f) Conference Paper Abstract Retrieved OnlineLiu, S. (2005, May). Defending against business crises with the help of intelligent agent based early warning solutions. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Miami, FL. Abstract retrieved from http://www.iceis.org/iceis2005/abstracts_2005.htmg) Conference Paper - In Regularly Published Proceedings and Retrieved OnlineHerculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H., &amp; Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593–12598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105h) Proceeding in Book FormParsons, O. A., Pryzwansky, W. B., Weinstein, D. J., &amp; Wiens, A. N. (1995). Taxonomy for psychology. In J. N. Reich, H. Sands, &amp; A. N. Wiens (Eds.), Education and training beyond the doctoral degree: Proceedings of the American Psychological Association National Conference on Postdoctoral Education and Training in Psychology (pp. 45–50). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.i) Paper PresentationNguyen, C. A. (2012, August). Humor and deception in advertising: When laughter may not be the best medicine. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.Other Sourcesa) Newspaper ArticleBrowne, R. (2010, March 21). This brainless patient is no dummy. Sydney Morning Herald, 45.b) Newspaper Article with no AuthorNew drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.c) Web Page/Blog PostBordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/d) Online Encyclopedia/DictionaryIgnition. (1989). In Oxford English online dictionary (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://dictionary.oed. comMarcoux, A. (2008). Business ethics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/e) PodcastDunning, B. (Producer). (2011, January 12). inFact: Conspiracy theories [Video podcast]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com/f) Single Episode in a Television SeriesEgan, D. (Writer), &amp; Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate. [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive producer), House; New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.g) MusicFuchs, G. (2004). Light the menorah. On Eight nights of Hanukkah [CD]. Brick, NJ: Kid Kosher.

<ul><li><a href="http://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/FileHandler2.ashx?f=copyright_agreement_form_jepr.doc" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a></li><li><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/FileHandler2.ashx?f=titlepagetemplate_jepr.docx" target="_blank">Title page</a></li></ul>

Ensure that the following items are present:● Cover letter<ul><li>The category of the manuscript</li><li>CV(s) of the author(s)</li><li>Confirming that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”. </li><li>Including disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement.</li><li>Confirming that the statistical design of the research article is reviewed.</li><li>Confirming that last control for fluent English was done.</li><li>Confirming that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.</li><li>Confirming that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in line with APA 6.</li></ul>● <a href="http://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/FileHandler2.ashx?f=copyright_agreement_form_jepr.doc" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>● Permission of previous published material if used in the present manuscript● <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/FileHandler2.ashx?f=titlepagetemplate_jepr.docx" target="_blank">Title page</a><ul><li>The category of the manuscript</li><li>The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in English</li><li>All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addresses</li><li>Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax number</li><li>ORCIDs of all authors.</li></ul>● Main Manuscript Document<ul><li>The title of the manuscript both in Turkish and in English</li><li>Abstracts (200-250 words) both in Turkish and in English</li><li>Key words: 5 words both in Turkish and in English</li><li>JEL code: 3 JEL codes</li><li>Extended Abstract (600-800 words) in English (if the article is in Turkish)</li><li>Main article sections</li><li>Grant support (if exists)</li><li>Conflict of interest (if exists)</li><li>Acknowledgement (if exists)</li><li>References</li><li>All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)</li></ul>

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