Francisco

Prof.

Fernando

Calibrating the Economic Impact of a Deficit in the Institutional  Quality of Government: The Case of Spain

Turan

While the majority of economists regard the publication year of Adam Smith’s “The Wealth of Nations” (1776) as the date of the emergence of economics as a separate social science, the subject matter of “the natura and causes of the wealth of nations” has been one of the most fundamental problems of economists since then. For dealing with this problematic, some economists have adopted the historical-institutional method of Adam Smith, while others have embraced David Ricardo’s abstract deductive modeling approach. Especially after Smith, two important theses have been put forward to explain this fundamental problematic (Why did capitalism emerge in Western European Societies in the 16th and 18th years, but not in Eastern Societies?), within the Smith’ (historicalinstitutional) tradition: First were “Oriental Despotism” (Karl Marx), another “Protestant/ Calvinist work ethic” (Max Weber).In the real world, these two theses were falsified in the second half of the 20th century, first by Japan and then the East Asian Tigers. In addition, in theoretical economics world, the dominate of the making economic approach based on mathematical and econometric modelling to mainstream economics (which is known formalist economics) from the second half of the 1950s to the early 1980s caused the studies based on historical-culturalinstitutional factors to fall out of favor. And finally, towards the end of the 20th century, emerging various numerical data regarding cultural and institutional variables (like World Values Survey, The General Social Survey) enabled empirical studies on the subject. This also led to the reintroduction of the question of “the relationship between cultural variables, individual economic behaviors and economic development” on the agenda of economists and triggered to the emergence of important studies.&nbsp;A new review of these studies concludes that some countries seem likely to be rich and others poor due to a complex combination of economic incentives, culture, institutions, chance, and historical accidental factors. In essence, some economists / historians that we can call as the authorities on the subject such as Avner Grief and Joseph A. Schumpeter prioritized this conclusion by emphasizing non-existence of the specific theory to explain “the turning the tradition-bound individual to a profit hunter.” They suggested historical research in detail about this great transformation. Actually, Albert O. Hirschman, who is one of the important names on the subject, has put an end to us on the function of (economic) history or what to expect from history of (economic) ideas: “This is probably all one can ask of history, and of the history of ideas in particular: not to resolve issues, but to raise the level of the debate.”&nbsp;Prof. Dr. Ahmet Güner Sayar examines the history of the economic and cultural development of Ottoman-Turkish Society in the studies which has published in the last forty years, using a cultural and institutional perspective based on economic methodology and the history of economic thought. In Professor Sayar’s works, the traces of the historical-institutional method of Adam Smith and especially the similarities with the frameworks (as a whole of the concepts, views and methodological principles) of Schumpeter, Weber and the German Historian School can be seen very clearly. Prof. Sayar, as a second-generation member of this approach initiated by his teacher Professor Sabri Ülgener with a similar perspective,&nbsp;he continues to raise the “level” of the debate on the economic and cultural development of the Turkish society by his studies. In this regard, it would not be wrong to talk about an Ulgener-Sayar Approach.

The Economics of Culture and the Culture of Economics: On the Methodological  Foundations of the Ülgener-Sayar Research Program

Ayşe

Assoc. Prof.

Zeynep

Demographic changes are one of the long-term challenges that will seriously impact the economy. In many econometric studies, the population variable is used as the explanatory variable; however, it is not the focal point in the economic analysis of the population. The demographic changes have occurred worldwide in the last terms. For the changes in the population structure, studies have increasingly paid attention to how variables in the population impact the macro-variables. Moreover, the economic variables are affected by the interaction of the change in the population on supply and demand, consumption, savings, and investment. Therefore, inflation will also be affected by these variables.There is no standard theoretical explanation on how demographic changes can affect inflation. At least two potential channels are discussed in the literature: (1) the real interest channel and (2) the inflation preferences of young people and elderly ones. The first channel posits that although the over-saving of the working-age population increases savings, it is decreasing the natural interest rate. By contrast, the increase in the dependent population decreases the savings rates and increases the natural interest rate. These changes in the natural interest rate also impact inflation. Meanwhile, the second channel states that young age groups initially do not have assets, and their wages are the main sources of income. This age group is indebted and therefore prefers a low real interest rate and relatively high inflation rate. Meanwhile, older groups work less, so they prefer a higher rate of return in their savings and relatively low inflation rates. In this way, they can change the inflation degree. The general opinion in the literature is that aging has a disinflationary effect on the economy. Recent studies have been conducted to determine whether or not the decreasing inflation is related to age dynamics. These surveys were mostly done in developed countries and Japan. Japan has transformed from an aging society to an old society in a short time; hence, demographic effects have come to the fore.The effects of demographic change on inflation of population has been investigated in the central bank in Turkey by Turkish economists. Meanwhile, this research analyzes the effects of inflation that, to our knowledge, has not been observed in any other academic work. Therefore, this study tried investigating how changes in the structure and speed of the population affect inflation. First, the effect of the channels of demographic changes on inflation is discussed. Then, related literature on the subject is reviewed. Subsequently, data, methods, and findings of the study are presented. Results of the analysis reveal the relationship between demographic transformation and inflation, which is evaluated in the conclusion part. The variables used in the analysis covering the period 1995–2017 were obtained from World Bank’s (2019) World Development Indicators database for 23 Emerging Economies countries determined by the IMF. In analyzing the relationships between variables, panel data analysis allows for more effective results by expanding the dataset, increasing the degree of freedom, and reducing the possibility of multiple linear connections, considering the time and cross-section size. In the dynamic models, the correlation between the lagged values of the dependent variable and the error term causes the OLS estimators to give biased and inconsistent results. To overcome these problems, the GMM method has been proposed in dynamic panel estimates. This method is widely used in predicting dynamic models, as it relies on relatively simple assumptions about the tool variables required for ease of implementation and prediction. Among the estimators based on the GMM method, the estimator developed by Arellano and Bond is widely used. This approach, known as Difference GMM, treats the model within the framework of the first differences of variables and uses the lagged values of the independent variables as tool variables. Results of the analysis using the GMM method reveal that as the proportion of the young population increases, the inflation decreases, which is statistically significant. By contrast, the increase in the elderly population also increases inflation. Hence, the use of instrument variables in the model is appropriate, and there is no autocorrelation problem. Moreover, the model was tested to be meaningful as a whole.

The Effect of Demographic Change on Inflation

Özer

Abdulkadir

Ömer

Res. Assist.

Political participation addresses public actions that aim to influence political decisions and the policymaking processes of divergent organs and bodies of government, such as voting for elections to determine the distribution of parliamentary seats or in a municipal council, participating in deliberative workshops for formulating a policy, or involvement in protests and demonstrations to influence a policy agenda. Typologies of participation vary in the relevant literature and public participation actions are frequently aligned along a spectrum or ladder. We installed a typology used frequently in literature and considered every genre of participation per se, rather than arranging them in a hierarchical relationship along a spectrum or a ladder. In this way, our participation scheme included information, consultations, and active participation.&nbsp;This study focused specifically on citizen engagement in urban policy. As a part of urban politics, policymaking at the city level addresses courses of action or inaction by certain officials when addressing a policy problem on an urban scale. Urban policymaking was assumed to be a cyclical process composed of sequential stages. We adopted a policy process model that contained agenda-setting, formulation, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation stages to depict the relationships between types of participation and policy stages.Our legal and institutional analysis revealed several participation types and methods related to different policy stages in municipalities in Turkey, i.e., the right to information, voluntarily joining in the distribution of local public services, Local Agenda 21 projects, and city councils. However, this study focused on the participation of ordinary citizens in municipality council meetings to become informed about council activities, policies, and decisions. This type of participative action resembles the activities of what Milbrath and Goel (1977) termed as “spectators” who eye political discussions, follow political incidents, and maintain information about daily politics. Participating in municipality council meetings seemed to be important for their political education. Getting information about urban policymaking could also influence their future participation behavior.&nbsp;According to literature, there is a lack of research on citizen engagement in municipality councils. In this context, this study investigated the demographic traits, participation frequency, and motives of citizens involved in municipal councils. Moreover, their perceptions of local democracy and their views on the modes of political participation were analyzed. To achieve this, we attended and monitored five different city councils in Sakarya province for over nine months (from March to November 2018). We collected qualitative and quantitative data from these meetings using participatory observation and survey methods.&nbsp;Our evidence indicated that participants were mostly middle-aged, highly educated, had an average income, were settled in the city, and self-employed. Participants were predominantly male and frequently attended council meetings. Their interest in local and national politics was high, and they voted regularly in national and local elections. Most of them had a party affiliation.&nbsp;Citizens involved in council meetings generally intend to follow the council’s agenda or gain knowledge of municipal operations and decisions. Consequently, we suggested that the timings of monthly meetings, items on the agenda, and summaries of decisions&nbsp;should be disseminated to all city residents using digital and mobile technologies to encourage citizens’ interest in council meetings.&nbsp;Most of the participants did not support the idea of the appointment of mayors and councilors in municipalities and thought that councils should have a critical role in the enhancement of democratic culture. The evidence indicates that citizens involved in council meetings have a strong perception of local democracy. Moreover, the legitimation of the elected bodies of the municipality was a priority in the eyes of the participants. Participants had a strong expectation of active participation methods such as referenda and participative budgeting. As a result, we suggested that new mechanisms that support active participation might improve the democratic culture at the local level. In conclusion, the survey data gathered indicated that participants were not just “spectators,” but also potential “gladiators” who have a potential to actively participate in politics.

A Study of Citizen Participation in Municipality Council Meetings in the Context of  Political Participation

Yavuz

In Italy, many governments and coalitions have formed and dissolved in the post-1993 era, called the Second Republic. During these days, various legal changes have affected political life. In the past 25 years, political agents have struggled to make good on the wishes for change, and society’s renewal has reshaped the country. This study focuses on these developments since the mid-1990s to understand the recent shifts in Italy. The article emphasizes the effects of Lega and the M5S, the newest political agents rising in Italian democracy, and examines them in the context of the crisis of populism and liberal democracy. The study argues that the continuing democratic debate in Italy protects democracy from the tendency to turn authoritarian. Conversely, the never-ending crises and fluctuations make the stability of central politics more and more challenging. This tension in democracy extends beyond Italy to the whole of European politics.Similar political debates, seen in other Mediterranean countries within the EU, such as Greece and Spain, can be analyzed in the context of the representation crisis of liberal democracies. The representation crisis exposes the dissolution of the old established actors and institutions and the rise and fall of new formations that express the demands of the masses. Populism is an essential tool that becomes crucial at this point. The failure of liberal democracy to produce solutions in crisis ignites the search for urgent solutions like populism. Although this discursive framework reflects the search for new politics, it symbolizes the constriction in liberal democracy. The case in Italy, with its differences in the search for modern politics, is reflected globally.The impact of populism is visible in Italy. It was exposed when trying to overcome the crisis with technocratic governments, including the independent leadership of unelected persons, and the rapid politicization of non-political figures. Although there are various definitions, populism generally includes an overall reaction to the established formations of politics, the sharp break with the political past, and dispersed searches to make the public voice more audible against them. The rise of M5S and Lega in Italy in recent years was due to claims that the public lacks representation. The triumphs of these two parties in 2018 resulted in replacing central politics with populism.This study focuses on the changes in Italy in the 2010s, starting in the mid-1990s. It argues that these changes are related to the crisis of populism and liberal democracy. But in the case of Italy, the ongoing democratic debate protects democracy from authoritarianism. On the other hand, populism is increasingly determinant in central politics. As in the examples of M5S and Lega, the rising trend of new actors promoted by populist politics and social democrats will largely determine the course of democracy. This critical stage involves the debate on whether democracy will remain on authoritarian or pluralist lines. Due to limitations in this study, the theoretical discussion is narrow and limited to Italian examples. Italian politics constantly oscillates between the influence of internal and external problems and developments. It has difficulty forming a stable government.

M5S, Lega, PD, and Italy’s Never Ending Political Crises

Murat

Assist. Prof.

Cumali

Analysis of Transforming Security Through the Water Resources  and Affiliated Conflicts Between 2000 and 2019: Case of Iraq,  Syria and Turkey

Ertan

One of the most concrete and durable products of the Mexican Revolution (1910– 1920) has been the corporatist state system, which purportedly identified the country as one of the most stable political systems within the Latin American region. With the dominance of an official “state party,” namely, the Institutional Revolutionary Party, a strong presidential system, and state bureaucracy, a relatively complex relationship between the state and civil society has been established during the post-revolutionary era. Nevertheless, such a relationship and socioeconomic and political forms should be considered parts of a dynamic and constantly changing process instead of a stable and successfully controlled structure.Moreover, the capitalist international division of labor in the early 20th century created a suitable environment for the consolidation of such a sui generis post-revolutionary structure. The peripheral capitalist accumulation model emerged with the implementation of the import substitution-oriented industrialization. In this manner, the state was prompted to unfold as a significant economic actor not only by taking responsibility for economic development and industrial production but also by promoting the development of the local industrial bourgeoisie. The sui generis form of state was conditioned by inner (passive) revolutionary demands and struggles and the international transformation of capitalist world economy. Thus, it could be identified as corporatist because it successfully controlled the mobilized classes, such as the peasantry and working class, by organizing and mobilizing them through official mechanisms. Moreover, it incorporated the middle classes into the political system, and at the same time forced the incipient industrial bourgeoisie (bourgeoisie-in-formation) to negotiate with the state in terms of wage–investment–political participation in return for the creation of the necessary condition for expansion.The climax of this corporatist state power can be observed during periods in which a hegemonic alliance functioned in the continuation of peripheral capitalist accumulation and derivation of political support from popular bases. However, as previously mentioned, the process is open-ended and dynamic. However, the capacity of the state to reproduce corporatist relations has declined due to inner dynamics and struggles as well as the transformation of the international division of labor.In this vein, the study aims to identify the periods of the formation, consolidation, crisis, and dissolution of the post-passive revolutionary Mexican state structure on the basis of domestic and foreign forces. Such a periodization identifies the institutionalization period of the Mexican Revolution (1920–1940), post-war developmentalist period (1940–1976), and dissolution of the corporatist state after 1982. With this periodization, the limits of the corporatist state structure in Mexico can be analyzed with the constant presence of class struggle conditioned with a particular mode of capitalist accumulation and its inevitable contradictions.

Formation, Crisis, and Dissolution of the Corporatist State in Mexico

The Formation and Development of the Black Lives Matter  Movement: A Political Process Perspective

Eren

Meral

As behavioral economics expanded its research area, the number and content of the research on economic expectations and decision-making becomes wider. The research agenda of the behavioral economics literature mostly focuses on the inclusion of irrational behaviors of economic agents and attempts to explain and examine irrational behavior to implement new methods. In addition to behavioral sciences, neuroscience and thus neuroeconomic methods focus on exploring the nature of expectations and decision anomalies.Approaches studying emotions regarding the economic phenomena aim to reveal the process in which feelings arise in different complex situations, the prediction of the possible emotions felt by decision-maker, and the effect of the predicted emotions on decision-making process (Bandelj et al., 2017). The economic research in emotions also has a direction that focuses on revealing the effect of immediate feelings on the rational decision-making process. Happiness economics research agenda includes various research considering anticipatory emotions that may bring happiness to the life of an individual.Understanding how human reasoning and decision-making work and what factors affect them has become important in a complex and uncertain world. Evidently, a purely rational information processing and decision-making process are not valid in an agent’s reasoning and decision-making process.The metaphor of the mind (consciousness) is identified and associated with rational reasoning that relies on probabilistic calculations. The heart metaphor (emotions) is associated with ordinary feelings and emotions in daily life. Scientists working in the fields of psychology, philosophy, and cognitive science do not agree on a universal definition and nature of emotions but it is necassary to define not only the notion of emotion but also the definitons of mood, affect, affective state and emotion.&nbsp;Dual-process theories categorize the factors that affect mental processes into two classes. These two separate categories make a distinction according to whether social reasoning and behavior occur automatically or in a controlled order for an agent.&nbsp;Dual-process theories developed in the social psychology discipline have firstly focused on domain-specific approach. Subsequently, they mostly focused on generalized models that divide the cognitive process into two basic categories (Gawronski &amp; Creighton, 2013). In this work, generalized dual-process models are seen to be more useful in exploring economic expectations and decision-making processes and explaining emotions evaluated according to that framework.In this work, different generalized dual-process models such as Cognitive–Experiential Self-Theory developed by Epstein (1994) and Intuitive and Deliberate Thinking Systems developed by Kahneman (2003) explained with their relationship w related to behavioral economics.According to Cognitive–Experiential Self-Theory, an individual feels emotions not according to objective occurrence of outer things or events, but according to his/her perception of those. Cognitive–Experiential Self-Theory proposes that emotions are processed in an experiential system, whereas rational thinking and judgment are processed in the rational system, which has relatively less affective components than experiential system. The experiential system has evolved adaptively, and thus, an individual may have biases.&nbsp;Kahneman’s (ibid.) Intiutive and Deliberate Thinking Systems approach separates a person’s reasoning in two systems, namely, intiutive and deliberate systems that help explain the concepts such as heuristics and biases in behavioral economics literature. Hence, when an individual makes a decision or forms an expectation, both the deliberate and intuitive system works. Therefore, people do not always have to make rational economic decisions and cannot form expectations rationally.In this study, different approaches and models study the aforementioned affect and emotions. The somatic marker hypothesis developed by Bechara and Damasio (1994) addresses the impact of emotions in the decision-making process. According to this hypothesis, the decision-making process is affected by somatic markers, which manifests as feelings and emotions that can arise consciously or unconsciously. In a situation in which an individual must make a fast choice, emotions are an important source of information and aid a better decision.&nbsp;Affect Heuristic approach devepoled by Slovic et al. (2002) claims that feelings arised by positive or negative affect impacts the decision-making process and guide the judgment. Affect-as-Information (Gasper &amp; Clore, 2002) and Risk-as-feelings (Loewenstein et al., 2001) approaches address different impacts of affect and emotions in the decision-making process.Through these models and approaches, we can conclude that rational information processing and the experiential system work together and contrary to common belief, experiential system is necessary in forming a decision beneficial for an individual. The relationship between the two systems shows that economic agents are not only cognitive machines but emotional creatures that adaptively learn from their emotional and affective states to behave for their best interest. However, emotions and fast choices or decisions may cause some behavioral anomalies. Concepts such as fear, desire and hope contain both cognitive and affective factors. Therefore, studies on economic expectations and decision-making processes need to obtain a broader understanding regarding those phenomena.

Cognitive and Experiential Processes in Economic Expectations and Decision-Making

Esra

Call For Papers  Rethinking Forced Migration and Welfare Inclusion

Damla

Assist. Prof. Dr.

Thomas

Prof. Dr.

Talking Past while Needing One Another: The Complex and Ambiguous Relationship between the EU and Türkiye

Pelin

The “Magic” Number: Women’s Critical Mass and Substantive Representation in Angola

Düzgün

The Changing Faces of Populism in Turkey: From “Inclusionary Populism” to “Exclusionary Populism”?

Osman

End of the Quest: Rising “Russian Civilisation” Concept In Russian Politics

The People’s Republic of China’s Strategy in The Three Sea Domain: The East China Sea, South China Sea, Indian Ocean, and The US’s Struggle for Presence in This Region

Hüseyin

Bahar

Lecturer

The Problem of Freedom of Expression in the Public Sphere of Social Media: Descriptive Analysis of the Echo Chamber Effect

Caner

Labour Policies of the Centre Right in the Neoliberal Era: The True Path Party

Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Problem of Unemployment in Turkiye at the Focus of Unemployment of Educated People and Underutilisation (1991-2023)

Yusuf

Res. Assist. Dr.

Corporate Hedging and IPO Underpricing in Türkiye

Nazlı

Yüksel

Ayfer

The Relation between Corruption and Tax Revenues: An Assessment of Transitional economies

@JOURNAL_BOX_CURRENT

@JOURNAL_BOX_EARLYVIEW

Esin

Saniye

Öğretim Görevlisi

Cansu

Considering that there are nearly two hundred countries in the world today; the economic, socio-cultural and political situation of each state differs from one another. These differences occur according to the political and bureaucratic traditions of the countries, the nature of the political regime, the party or social groups that hold political power, the level of development of the countries, and the characteristics of the historical process in which they exist etc. For this reason, the aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of the political crisis between Turkey and Russian Federation after the airplane crises on November 24, 2015. When examined in the context of economic and political relations, Turkey downed the Russian Federation’s plane on November 24, 2015 which added another strain to already turbulent Turkey and Russia relations. The crisis that took place on November 24, 2015 was the biggest crisis in the recent period.The scope of this study is the reflection of political risk on commercial relations between Turkey and the Russian Federation. There is a comprehensive list of academic studies on business issues which have already been carried out such as Tourism relations, energy relations etc. However, the scope of this study - the effect of the aircraft crash on Turkey’s import and export values – is not from an academic perspective. The study has three parts. In the first part, we look at the political risk concept and political and commercial relations. In the second part of the study, a time series regression analysis was conducted with the STATA program. In the last part of the study, the results obtained were evaluated and recommendations were made.After Turkey downed the aircraft belonging to Russia on November 24, 2015, it faced a weakening of its strong trade relations with the Russian Federation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of trade relations between the two countries in terms of the volume of foreign trade as a result of political risk. The effect of commercial relations between the two countries by linking variables has been shown in a quantitative study. For this purpose, a time series regression analysis was performed in the STATA program. The data was constituted with the Turkey Statistics Institute (TUIK) and the Central Bank (MB) reports. The political crisis is the independent variable and the control variables are the CPI-based real effective exchange rate, the monthly percentage change in the CPI and industrial production index. The Turkey-Russia trade volume is considered as the dependent variable. We analyzed the effect of the political crisis on foreign trade volume within the scope of these variables. Monthly values of the data are used in the study and the time series covers the period from January 2005 to November 2017. The regression coefficient of the CRIS variable was negative (- 507). As mentioned in the literature, the political crisis between the two countries caused a decrease in the trade volumes of the countries. In this context, the hypothesis that political risk leads to disruption of international trade relations has been supported.&nbsp;In addition to the regression analysis, changes in the volume of imports and exports are shown with the help of graphs. The results obtained from the regression analysis and the drawn graphics were supported and decreases in the volume of imports and exports are shown in the graphs. The lowest import volume with the Russian Federation was observed in the subsequent months after the aircraft crises covering Russia’s sanctioning period. Traces of the political crisis created by the aircraft crisis were observed a year&nbsp;after the incident. In 2016, both import and export data were generally low. The levels of imports and exports seen in the data of 2015 could not be reached in 2017 but they paint a better picture than the levels in 2016.In this study, Turkey’s downing of an aircraft belonging to the Russian Federation and the implication of this event, consisting of political risk on commercial activities, was analyzed with time series regression and examined through two years of data shown in before and after graphs. As a result of the study, we can see that the political crises has had an effect on import and export volumes and also the severity of the crises has affected communication between the countries and the process of re-engaging in business activities. Economic relations between Turkey and Russia are sensitive to political events. It can be said that Turkey’s strategies implemented after the crisis were not successful because Turkey’s export data still has not reached that of 2014.&nbsp;&nbsp;In conclusion, the political crises between the two countries have had a negative impact on the commercial activities of the countries. In order for political crises to have less negative impacts on the commercial activities of countries, it may be advisable to establish a partnership rather than a direct investment in countries with high political risks.

The Effect of Changes in the Political Climate on Intercountry Trade: An Econometric Analysis on Turkey-Russia Aircraft Crisis

Gökhan

Şule

The impact of international migration on foreign trade manifests itself through two channels: preference and network effects. The continuation of the consumption habits of the immigrant in his/her country of origin also leads to a demand for the goods of the immigrated country in the host country. Besides, immigrants can lead to changes in the consumption patterns of the citizens in the host country where they live. Considering all these effects, the increase in the demand for the goods of the home countries will increase the imports in the host country. This is called the preference effect. There is a network system that connects individuals in the home country and the host country. Social and economic relations between individuals are maintained through some formal or informal groups. These connections contribute to the increase in the relationship between the two countries. Immigrants help business activities to increase by establishing business contacts with individuals in the host country. Another important effect is that they accelerate the flow of information between the host and home countries by sharing the information they have with their host country. Increased knowledge leads to a reduction in transaction costs in trade. These effects are called network effects. The preference effect increases the imports of the host country, while the network effect increases both exports and imports.This study aims to examine the impact of international migration on foreign trade. For this purpose, panel data analysis is used in the study. The analysis includes the foreign trade data that Turkey made with 125 countries from which Turkey received immigrants between 2013 and 2016. The sample of the study is divided into two groups including 33 industrialized OECD and 92 developing countries. This distinction constitutes a homogeneous sample because it includes the countries that are more similar to each other. The random effect model is preferred because the number of units in the sample is greater than the time period, the sample does not include all possible countries, and the use of a variable that does not change over time such as distance. The variables used in the analysis are determined according to the augmented gravity model. In the models, foreign trade variables include exports, imports and the sum of the two are used as dependent variables, while income level, distance, population and nominal exchange rate variables as well as migration variable are considered as explanatory variables. Taking Turkey as a home country, some studies examined the impact of international migration on trade. These studies have been carried out on migration from Turkey to Western countries. To the best of our knowledge, there is no empirical study taking Turkey as the host country in the relevant literature.As the distance variable representing the distance between Turkey and other countries does not change in years in the panel gravity model, it has a dummy structure. Therefore, the distance variable cannot be used in the fixed effects model based on many dummy variables by their nature. In addition, the countries included in the sample consist of a random selection as their data are available. For these reasons, all of the models in the study are estimated using the random-effects model. The Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) estimator is used to make a prediction free of problems such as crosssectional dependence, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation in the estimated linear regression models based on panel data method.According to the main result of the study, the impact of international migrants coming to Turkey between 2013 and 2016 contributed positively to Turkey’s trade. This result is valid for Turkey’s trade both with OECD countries and with developing countries. Also, international migration has a positive impact on Turkey’s exports and imports in both groups of countries. The main result of the study is in accord with the expectations. This result shows that international migrants contribute to the welfare of the communities they live in. In other words, foreign trade has an important social benefit for the acceptability of international migration. This is because, the positive effect of international migration on foreign trade in a country is known by the citizens in that country, which may favorably change the perspective towards migrants or reduce negative attitudes towards immigrants in host countries&nbsp;When the empirical results are examined in detail in terms of variables representing foreign trade, another significant result emerges. Accordingly, the impact of international migrants on import is larger than export in Turkey. This is valid for both OECD countries and developing countries. This result shows that the preference effect emerges predominantly. It is possible to say that migrants in Turkey meet a part of the demand for final goods through imports. For this purpose, new empirical studies on the determinants of intra-industry trade are needed in future studies. The impact of international migration on import is larger than export meaning that migrants residing in Turkey lack high-quality human capital.

The Effect of International Migration on Foreign Trade: An Empirical Analysis for Turkey

@JOURNAL_BOX_FEATURED

Umut

The 1980s were the beginning of a radical restructuring process in the political economy of contemporary capitalism. The erosion of real capital accumulation in the 1970s and crisis conjuncture in which capitalism faces were tried to be overcome with a paradigm shift. Thus, neoliberal ideology and its polities have replaced the Keynesian paradigm. In this context, global economic architecture (system) has witnessed the processes of neoliberalism, globalization and finally financialization, after 1980. Even though the concept of financialization is dealt with in different approaches and the extent of its scope makes it difficult to make a clear definition, it is defined that financialization is a process whereby financial markets, financial institutions, financial motive, and financial elites gain major power over economic policy design and economic outcomes (Epstein, 2005; Krippner, 2005; Palley, 2007a; Orhangazi, 2008a).Another development observed in the world economy in simultaneously with the financialization process has been the increase in the unemployment rate. Mainstream economists generally explain the causes of unemployment by labor market rigidities, education level, and work motivation (Snowdon ve Vane, 2005, s.404; Gonzalez ve Sala, 2014, s.596). On the other hand, how financialization affects unemployment is not much included in the mainstream analysis.&nbsp;Discussions on the causes and consequences of financialization have increased rapidly in recent times. Looking at the relevant literature, financialization studies are generally focused on real capital accumulation and growth (Stockhammer, 2004; Orhangazi, 2008b; Demir, 2008), crises (Akyüz ve Boratav, 2003; Lee ve Cheng; 2011) and income distribution (Van Arnum ve Naples, 2013; Flaherty, 2015; Stockhammer, 2017; Dünhaupt, 2017). On the other side, there have been deficiencies in the literature about a systematic analysis of how financialization can influence the unemployment rate through which mechanisms. This study is built on the view that the damage caused by the financialization process on real economic activities affects the job creation and unemployment rate. Within this framework, four different channels have been defined in which financialization will affect the unemployment rate in this study. The four potential explanations of the relationship between financialization and the unemployment rate are as follows:• Shareholder value orientation on non-financial corporates (NFC) • Income inequality caused by financialization • the replacement of full employment macroeconomic policy with low inflation targeting policy • Financial crises and its impacts on the real economyThese developments may affect the unemployment rate by eroding real capital accumulation and production capacity in the economy.The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between financialization and unemployment rate in 9 OECD countries1 during 1980-2015 by means of panel cointegration and causality methods. The study is thought to contribute to the literature due to the lack of empirical analysis of the relationship between financialization and unemployment. In this study, the share of finance, insurance and real estate sectors (FIRE) in total value added is used as financialization variable. FIRE is a commonly used financialization variable because it is a comprehensive indicator (Van Arnum ve Naples, 2013; Flaherty, 2015; Darcillon, 2015). This data is gathered from EU-KLEMS. Unemployment rate (UNEMP) data is obtained from the World Bank World Development Indicators (WDI) database.Firstly, homogeneity of the slope coefficient is carried out by way of delta test developed by Pesaran and Yamagata (2008). Thus, the slope coefficient is concluded to be homogeneous. Subsequently, the presence of cross-sectional dependence is revealed by Breusch and Pagan (1980) and Pesaran (2004) tests. Whether the series contains a unit root has been investigated via the second generation Pesaran (2007) CADF unit root test taking cross-sectional dependence into account. Both FIRE and the unemployment rate possess unit at levels but when the first-difference of the series is taken, both series become stationary. After finding that the series were stationary at first-difference, the long-term relationship between the variables is examined by Westerlund (2007) ECM test. According to Westerlund (2007) ECM, there is a long-term relationship between financialization and unemployment rate. In other words, the series are co-integrated. Finally, the causality relationship between the variables is examined by Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) panel causality test. It is found evidence of bidirectional causality between variables. In other words, financialization is the cause of unemployment and vice versa.The results of the study show that financialization for the countries examined affects unemployment. In the financialization era, the decrease in real capital accumulation, shift of macroeconomic policies, the deterioration in income distribution and the financial crises may constitute the potential mechanisms of increasing the unemployment rate. Another important result of the study is the determination of causality from unemployment to financialization. The increasing unemployment rate creates people who are deprived of income. In the conjuncture where the unemployment rate rises, people have to use their savings or borrow from financial institutions to keep up their basic needs. Increasing borrowing through credit cards and consumer credits also may raise the share of the financial sector in value added.These results may play an important role in policymaking. Firstly, the control and regulations on financial markets should be increased in these countries. This situation is very important in reducing the destructive effects of financialization. Secondly, The speculative activities of NFC’s have to be reduced. Increasing real economic activities will create new job opportunities and reduce the unemployment rate. Finally, full employment policies should be returned.

Unemployment as a Significant Problem in the Process of Finance-dominated Capitalism: Debate and Analysis

Figen

Buket

Fatma

In the modern business world, enterprises realize the importance of human resourcesoriented activities and act with the awareness that employee job satisfaction must first be ensured for customer satisfaction. Evaluating which factors can be effective on the variables such as employee satisfaction and job performances and developing policies in this direction is possible by identifying employees’ motivation factors. For this reason, today, organizations take into account the motivation factors that enable employees high performance.&nbsp;Motivation is a psychological process that can be expressed as a voluntary action to achieve a goal. The “Work Preference Inventory” (Amabile, Hill, Hennessey and Tighe 1994) is a four-dimensional measurement tool of motivational factors. It has been cited 2146 times until today. As there is not a Turkish version of the Work Preference Inventory, the purpose of this study is to translate the scale in Turkish and execute reliabilty and validity analysis. In Amabile Hill, Hennessey and Tighe’s work, the factors of intrinsic motivation were divided into two sub-dimensions: ‘challenge’ and ’enjoyment’. esinde in the behavioral struggle. Challenge is the tendency to reward yourself by overcoming difficult tasks. Enjoyment is when the activities are interesting and satisfying. Extrinsic motivation factors are considered in two sub-dimensions - ‘compensation’ and ‘outward. Compensation is a reward or income that is commensurate with the effort of the person. Outward is based on recognition and acceptance by others.Banking is an area in the services sector where product diversity is difficult to create. The main factor that will create a competitive advantage in the banking sector is human resources. Therefore we determined the population of this study as the employees of the Turkish Banking Sector. The four-dimensional motivation assessment tool the ‘Work Preference Inventory’ developed by Amabile et. al. , detailed above, was used to identify the motivation elements of the banking sector employees.The questionnaire, which was prepared to collect data from banking sector employees, was distributed to the banking sector employees via social media by the random sampling method. While 405 questionnaire forms were returned, the analysis was performed on 338 observations after clearing missing data forms and outliers.Analysis showed that motivation of banking sector employees in Turkey has a fivedimensional structure. These dimensions are ‘Meaningful job and self-efficacy’, ‘Desire for unstructured works’, ‘Success at structured works’, ‘Awareness of success target’, ‘The search for specificity and consideration of others’ opinion’. ‘Meaningful job and self-efficacy’ means that the employee feels that she is doing something meaningful and valuable for herself and others and that she is competent in it. ‘Desire for unstructured works’ means the employee’s willingness to undertake new, compelling, complex tasks and responsibilities. ‘Success at structured works’ is the high performance of the employee, compared to others, in the tasks in which the requirements, characteristics, and manner of work are determined. ‘Awareness of success target’ means employee awareness of his career goals and curiosity to achieve them .‘The search for specificity and consideration of others’ opinion’ means an employee’s willingness to work in jobs where what is to be done is stated clearly, and a tendency to consider others’ thoughts.The other purposes of this study are to determine the main elements that motivate the employees of the Turkish banking sector and to test the differences of these motivations in terms of demographic and structural factors of the sector. ‘Meaningful job and selfefficacy’ is identified as the most affecting factor on the motivation of the banking sector employees. ‘Awareness of success target’, ‘Desire for unstructured works’ and ‘The search for specificity and consideration of others’ opinion’ are evaluated as additional motivating factors consecutively. In comparison, ‘Success at structured works’ is determined as the least motivating factor. The differences in the motivation of the employees, in terms of experience, department, gender, age, education level and position are also examined. According to the analysis, banking employees with less than 3 years of experience or under 29 years of age have a higher motivation level for the ‘Meaningful job and selfefficacy’ factor; but the motivation of ‘The search for specificity and consideration of others’ opinion’of those under 29 years of age is lower; employees who don’t have a university degree have a high motivation in ‘Success at structured works’. According to the business departments in the study, the operation group employees’ motivation is lower than the employees of the support group; but the operation group employees have a higher motivation in ‘Success at structured works’ than the other groups; and the support group employees have high motivation to ‘The search for specificity and consideration of others’ opinion’. There is no difference between motivational dimensions in terms of the positions and genders of banking employees.

The Work Preference Inventory: Motivation Factors of Banking Sector Employees

@JOURNAL_BOX_MOSTREAD

Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences,published by the Istanbul University, Faculty of Political Sciences
Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences, of Istanbul University was first published in 1983 and since then it has become one of the most pioneering and prominent political sciences journal in Turkey. While the name of the journal was “İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi” since 1983, it has been changed as “Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences” as of October, 2017.

Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences is an international open-access peer-reviewed scholarly journal published biannually.
The Journal is currently indexed by,

*Web of Science - Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)
*EBSCO Political Science Complete
*TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Index
*DOAJ
*ERIH PLUS
*SOBIAD

Mustafa

Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)

EBSCO

ERIH PLUS

TR Dizin

DOAJ

SOBIAD

Gale Cengage

@METRIC_VOLUMES

@METRIC_ISSUES

@METRIC_ARTICLES

@METRIC_OPENACCESS

Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences

@INFO_TAB_ABOUT

Editor in Chief

Co Editor in Chief

Editorial Management Board Member

Section Editor

Statistics Editor

Publicity Manager

Language Editor

Editorial Board Member

@INFO_TAB_BOARDS

<div>The Journal accepts and publishes both international and interdisciplinary articles on the fields of political sciences, public administration and international relations.The journal covers, but are not limited to, following topics:- all subfields of political science, including political theory, political philosophy, political behavior, political institutions and political history,- all subfields of public administration,- all topics pertaining to international relations: including law, ethics, strategy, philosophy, culture, environment, security, terrorism, regional studies, globalization and other topicsThe Journal publishes theoretical, conceptual as well as research-based articles concerning various aspects of aforementioned disciplines in both Turkish and English languages. Turkish manuscripts are published along with an extended abstract in English. Moreover, it publishes special issues on various themes in collaboration with co-editors from the international academic community.</div>

Aim and Scope

<a href="https://mjl.clarivate.com/search-results" target="_blank">Web of Science - Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) </a> <a href="https://www.ebsco.com/title-lists" target="_blank">EBSCO Political Science Complete </a> <a href="https://search.trdizin.gov.tr/dergi/detay/2196" target="_blank">TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Index</a> DOAJ<a href="https://dbh.nsd.uib.no/publiseringskanaler/erihplus/submission/info.action?id=50613" target="_blank">ERIH PLUS</a> <a href="https://atif.sobiad.com/index.jsp?modul=dergi-sayfasi&amp;ID=3214" target="_blank">SOBIAD</a>Gale Cengage

Indexing and Abstracting

The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the &#65279;<a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a>&#65279; on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a> The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the Journal. Only those manuscripts approved by every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the Journal requires written permission of all declared authors.Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviors. All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. Plagiarism Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. If plagiarism/self-plagiarism will be found authors will be informed. Editors may resubmit manuscript for similarity check at any peer-review or production stage if required. High similarity scores may lead to rejection of a manuscript before and even after acceptance. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity score taken from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 15 or 20%. Double Blind Peer-Review After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by the editors-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The editor provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles and hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Policies

The journal is an open access journal and all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read" target="_blank" style="background-color: transparent;">BOAI</a> definition of open access.The open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank" style="background-color: transparent;">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) license.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Authors publishing with the journal retain the copyright to their work licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</a> ) and grant the Publisher non-exclusive commercial right to publish the work. CC BY-NC 4.0 license permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Editor should consider publishing correction if minor errors that do not effect the results, interpretations and conclusions of the published paper are detected. Editor should consider retraction if major errors and/or misconduction that invalidate results and conclusions are detected.Editor should consider issuing an expression of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are not reliable and institutions of the authors do not investigate the case or the possible investigation seems to be unfair or nonconclusive. The guidelines of <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> and <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> are taken into consideration regarding correction, retractions or expression of concern.RetractionJournal follows <a href="https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/retraction-guidelines-cope.pdf" target="_blank">COPE’s Retraction Guidelines</a> in case of retraction. The editor has the right to retract an article if: <ul><li>There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable; either as a result of a major error (e.g. miscalculation or experimental error), or as a result of fabrication (e.g. of data) or falsification (e.g. image manipulation).</li><li>It contains plagiarised content. </li><li>It has been published elsewhere without proper attribution. </li><li>It contains material or data without authorisation for use.</li><li>There is copyright infringement or there is some other serious legal issue.</li><li>It reports unethical research. </li><li>There is evidence that the peer-review process is compromised or manipulated.</li><li>The author(s) failed to disclose a significant competing interest (also known as a conflict of interest) that, in the opinion of the editor, would have unduly influenced the interpretation of the work or the recommendations of the editors and peer reviewers.</li></ul>In case of retraction the following steps are followed:<ul><li>Retraction notice including article title is published in a subsequent issue of the journal. The retraction notice is paginated and listed in the table of contents. </li><li>A link is provided between the retraction notice and the original article in the electronic version. </li><li>The online article is preceded by a page containing the retraction notice; the reader can then proceed to the article itself.</li><li>The original article remains unchanged, except for a watermark on the .pdf on each page stating that it has been &#34;retracted”.</li></ul>Article Removal for Legal ReasonsIn the following circumstances, except the metadata (title and authors), the text of the article is removed and a page informing that the article has been removed for legal reasons replaces the article. <ul><li>The article is found to be defamatory or to infringe the legal rights of others, and retraction is not deemed to be an adequate solution.</li><li>The article has been, or is reasonably likely to be the subject of a court order.</li><li>There is a significant risk to public health. </li></ul>

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark which serves as a  national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to  collect, preserve, and serve the content.Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with  that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of IUPress journal website.

Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), and the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All parties involved in the publishing process (Editors, Reviewers, Authors and Publishers) are expected to agree on the following ethical principles.All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Each manuscript is reviewed by one of the editors and at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. In accordance with the code of conduct we will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing.

Ethics

The journal adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.- Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.- The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.- The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.- Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.- Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.- The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.- In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.- If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.- In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/B869A50A0FB641CD9342CE2BCD36CF49" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form.</a> The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment.When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by Editor-in-Chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international external referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by Editor-in-Chief upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.- Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?- Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?- Is the problem significant and concisely stated?- Are the methods described comprehensively?- Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?- Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?- Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

LanguageThe language of the journal is English.Manuscript Organization and FormatAll correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified. Manuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/siyasal" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/siyasal</a>  and it must be accompanied by a cover letter indicating that the manuscript is intended for publication, specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist). Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word 2003 and upper versions. In addition, <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/B869A50A0FB641CD9342CE2BCD36CF49" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted.1. The manuscripts should be in A4 paper standards: having 2.5 cm margins from right, left, bottom and top, Times New Roman font style in 12 font size and line spacing of 1.5.2. The manuscripts should contain between 4500 and 8500 words and the page numbers must be at the bottom and in the middle.3. The name(s) of author(s) should be given just beneath the title of the study aligned to the right. Also the affiliation, title, e-mail and phone of the author(s) must be indicated on the bottom of the page as a footnote marked with an asterisk (*).4. Submitted manuscripts must have an abstract between 180 and 200 words (English and Turkish), before the introduction, summarizing the scope, the purpose, the results of the study and the methodology used. The titles (English and Turkish) of the study should appear above the abstracts. Underneath the abstracts, 3 to 5 keywords (English and Turkish) that inform the reader about the content of the study should be specified.5. The manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords (in Turkish and English); body text with sections, footnotes and references.6. The 6th versiThe manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords (in Turkish and English); body text with sections, footnotes and references.on of the APA (American Psychological Association) reference style should be used for in-text citation and references list. For information and samples on the APA 6 style please refer to http://jps.istanbul.edu.tr/tr/content/yazarlara-bilgi/kaynaklar section in the Information for Authors.7. Tables, graphs and figures can be given with a number and a defining title if and only if it is necessary to follow the idea of the article. the article. The title of table should be placed above the table; caption of figure should be placed beneath the figure. Features like demographic characteristics that can be given within the text should not be indicated as tables separately.8. A title page including author information must be submitted together with the manuscript. The title page is to include fully descriptive title of the manuscript and, affiliation, title, e-mail address, postal address, phone and fax number of the author(s) (see The Submission Checklist).9. Authors are responsible for all statements made in their work submitted to the Journal for publication.10. The author(s) can be asked to make some changes in their articles due to peer reviews.

Author Guidelines

Before beginning the online submission process please make sure you have the followings available:Cover letter to the editor<ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li>The category of the manuscript</li> <li>Confirming that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.</li> <li>Including disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement.</li> <li>Confirming that the statistical design of the research article is reviewed.</li> <li>Confirming that last control for fluent English was done.</li> <li>Confirming that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.</li> <li>Confirming that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in line with APA 6.</li> </ul> </ul><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/B869A50A0FB641CD9342CE2BCD36CF49" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>Permission of previous published material if used in the present manuscript<a href="http://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/FileHandler2.ashx?f=siyasal_title-page.docx" target="_blank">Title page</a><ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li>The category of the manuscript</li> <li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li>All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addresses</li> <li>Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax number</li> <li>ORCIDs of all authors.</li> </ul> </ul>Main Manuscript Document<ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li>Abstracts (180-200 words) both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li>Key words: 3-5 words both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li>Extended Abstract (600-800 words) in English (only for articles which are not in English)</li> <li>Main article sections</li> <li>Grant support (if exists)</li> <li>Conflict of interest (if exists)</li> <li>Acknowledgement (if exits)</li> <li>References</li> <li>All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)</li> </ul> </ul>Manuscript Submission<ul type="disc"> <li>Dergipark manuscript submission site of the journal is: <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/siyasal" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/siyasal</a> </li><li>While uploading Main Document, make sure that the main document has no information that clarify the author’s identity. Due to double blind peer review, Main Document must not include Title Page, the name of author or any other detail that can disclose the author identity. </li> <li>Additionaly, Supplemental File for Review must not include any detail that can disclose author identity as well.</li> </ul>Files to be uploaded separately<ul type="disc"> <li>Copyright Agreement Form</li> <li>Permissions obtained for previously published material if used in the present manuscript</li> <li>Title page</li> <li>Main Manuscript Document</li> </ul><ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li>Abstracts (180-200 words) both in the language of the article and in English</li> <li>Key words: 3-5 words both in Turkish and in English</li> <li>Extended Abstract (600-800 words) in English (only for articles which are not in English)</li> <li>Main article sections</li> <li>Grant Support (if exists)</li> <li>Conflict of Interest (if exists)</li> <li>Acknowledgement (if exists)</li> <li>References</li> <li>All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)</li> </ul> </ul><ul type="disc"> </ul>

Although references to review articles can be an efficient way to guide readers to a body of literature, review articles do not always reflect original work accurately. Readers should therefore be provided with direct references to original research sources whenever possible. On the other hand, extensive lists of references to original work on a topic can use excessive space on the printed page. Small numbers of references to key original papers often serve as well as more exhaustive lists, particularly since references can now be added to the electronic version of published papers, and since electronic literature searching allows readers to retrieve published literature efficiently. Papers accepted but not yet included in the issue are published online in the Early View section and they should be cited as “advance online publication”. Citing a “personal communication” should be avoided unless it provides essential information not available from a public source, in which case the name of the person and date of communication should be cited in parentheses in the text. For scientific articles, written permission and confirmation of accuracy from the source of a personal communication must be obtained.Reference Style and FormatSiyasal: Journal of Political Sciences complies with APA (American Psychological Association) style 6th Edition for referencing and quoting. For more information:-    American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: APA.-    <a href="http://www.apastyle.org/" target="_blank">http://www.apastyle.org</a>Citations in the TextCitations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year within the parenthesis.If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;).Samples:More than one citation;(Esin, et al., 2002; Karasar, 1995)Citation with one author;(Akyolcu, 2007)Citation with two authors;(Sayıner &amp; Demirci, 2007)Citation with three, four, five authors;First citation in the text: (Ailen, Ciambrune, &amp; Welch, 2000) Subsequent citations in the text: (Ailen, et al., 2000)Citations with more than six authors;(Çavdar, et al., 2003)Citations in the ReferenceAll the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.Basic Reference TypesBooka) Turkish BookKarasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (8th ed.) [Preparing research reports]. Ankara, Turkey: 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.b) Book Translated into TurkishMucchielli, A. (1991). Zihniyetler [Mindsets] (A. Kotil, Trans.). İstanbul, Turkey: İletişim Yayınları.c) Edited BookÖren, T., Üney, T., &amp; Çölkesen, R. (Eds.). (2006). Türkiye bilişim ansiklopedisi [Turkish Encyclopedia of Informatics]. İstanbul, Turkey: Papatya Yayıncılık.d) Turkish Book with Multiple AuthorsTonta, Y., Bitirim, Y., &amp; Sever, H. (2002). Türkçe arama motorlarında performans değerlendirme [Performance evaluation in Turkish search engines]. Ankara, Turkey: Total Bilişim.e) Book in EnglishKamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.f) Chapter in an Edited BookBassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. In G. Hall &amp; C. Birchall (Eds.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 220–237). Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.g) Chapter in an Edited Book in TurkishErkmen, T. (2012). Örgüt kültürü: Fonksiyonları, öğeleri, işletme yönetimi ve liderlikteki önemi [Organization culture: Its functions, elements and importance in leadership and business management]. In M. Zencirkıran (Ed.), Örgüt sosyolojisi [Organization sociology] (pp. 233–263). Bursa, Turkey: Dora Basım Yayın.h) Book with the same organization as author and publisherAmerican Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American psychological association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.Articlea) Turkish ArticleMutlu, B., &amp; Savaşer, S. (2007). Çocuğu ameliyat sonrası yoğun bakımda olan ebeveynlerde stres nedenleri ve azaltma girişimleri [Source and intervention reduction of stress for parents whose children are in intensive care unit after surgery]. Istanbul University Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 15(60), 179–182.b) English Articlede Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., &amp; Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002</a>c) Journal Article with DOI and More Than Seven AuthorsLal, H., Cunningham, A. L., Godeaux, O., Chlibek, R., Diez-Domingo, J., Hwang, S.-J. ... Heineman, T. C. (2015). Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 2087–2096. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1501184" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1501184</a>d) Journal Article from Web, without DOISidani, S. (2003). Enhancing the evaluation of nursing care effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(3), 26–38. Retrieved from <a href="http://cjnr.mcgill.ca/" target="_blank">http://cjnr.mcgill.ca</a>e) Journal Article wih DOITurner, S. J. (2010). Website statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to measure library website effectiveness. Technical Services Quarterly, 27, 261–278. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910</a>f) Advance Online PublicationSmith, J. A. (2010). Citing advance online publication: A review. Journal of Psychology. Advance online publication. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a45d7867" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a45d7867</a>g) Article in a MagazineHenry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28–31.Doctoral Dissertation, Master’s Thesis, Presentation, Proceedinga) Dissertation/Thesis from a Commercial DatabaseVan Brunt, D. (1997). Networked consumer health information systems (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 9943436)b) Dissertation/Thesis from an Institutional DatabaseYaylalı-Yıldız, B. (2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Retrieved from: <a href="http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portali" target="_blank">http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portali</a>c) Dissertation/Thesis from WebTonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley). Retrieved from <a href="http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar%20/phd/ickapak.html" target="_blank">http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar /phd/ickapak.html</a>d) Dissertation/Thesis abstracted in Dissertations Abstracts InternationalAppelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture amplifica&#173;tion, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.e) Symposium ContributionKrinsky-McHale, S. J., Zigman, W. B., &amp; Silverman, W. (2012, August). Are neuropsychiatric symptoms markers of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome? In W. B. Zigman (Chair), Predictors of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in adults with Down syndrome. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.f) Conference Paper Abstract Retrieved OnlineLiu, S. (2005, May). Defending against business crises with the help of intelligent agent based early warning solutions. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Miami, FL. Abstract retrieved from <a href="http://www.iceis.org/iceis2005/abstracts_2005.htm" target="_blank">http://www.iceis.org/iceis2005/abstracts_2005.htm</a>g) Conference Paper - In Regularly Published Proceedings and Retrieved OnlineHerculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H., &amp; Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593–12598. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105</a>h) Proceeding in Book FormParsons, O. A., Pryzwansky, W. B., Weinstein, D. J., &amp; Wiens, A. N. (1995). Taxonomy for psychology. In J. N. Reich, H. Sands, &amp; A. N. Wiens (Eds.), Education and training beyond the doctoral degree: Proceedings of the American Psychological Association National Conference on Postdoctoral Education and Training in Psychology (pp. 45–50). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.i) Paper PresentationNguyen, C. A. (2012, August). Humor and deception in advertising: When laughter may not be the best medicine. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.Other Sourcesa) Newspaper ArticleBrowne, R. (2010, March 21). This brainless patient is no dummy. Sydney Morning Herald, 45.b) Newspaper Article with no AuthorNew drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.c) Web Page/Blog PostBordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post]. Retrieved from <a href="http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/" target="_blank">http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/</a>d) Online Encyclopedia/DictionaryIgnition. (1989). In Oxford English online dictionary (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://dictionary.oed.comMarcoux, A. (2008). Business ethics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from <a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/" target="_blank">http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/</a>e) PodcastDunning, B. (Producer). (2011, January 12). in Fact: Conspiracy theories [Video podcast]. Retrieved from <a href="http://itunes.apple.com/" target="_blank">http://itunes.apple.com/</a>f) Single Episode in a Television SeriesEgan, D. (Writer), &amp; Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate. [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive producer), House; New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.g) MusicFuchs, G. (2004). Light the menorah. On Eight nights of Hanukkah [CD]. Brick, NJ: Kid Kosher.

<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/B869A50A0FB641CD9342CE2BCD36CF49" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/FB185385BB3B497694A9126F62891BDA" target="_blank">Author Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/84226E12067142C28668127D7530EC36" target="_blank">Title Page</a>

Ensure that the following items are present:● Cover letter to the editorü The category of the manuscriptü Confirming that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.ü Including disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement.ü Confirming that the statistical design of the research article is reviewed.ü Confirming that last control for fluent English was done.ü Confirming that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.ü Confirming that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in line with APA 6.● <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/B869A50A0FB641CD9342CE2BCD36CF49" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>● Permission of previously published copyrighted material if used in the present manuscript● <a href="http://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/FileHandler2.ashx?f=titlepagetemplatejecs_636996618674881683.docx" target="_blank">Title page</a>ü The category of the manuscriptü The title of the manuscriptü All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addressesü Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax numberü ORCIDs of all authors.● Main Manuscript Documentü The title of the manuscript in English and Turkishü Abstract 180-200 words in English and Turkishü Key words: 3 to 5 words in English and Turkishü Main article sectionsü Grant support (if exists)ü Conflict of interest (if exists)ü  Ethics Committee Approvalü Acknowledgement (if exists)ü Referencesü All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, description, footnotes)

Issue Type	Regular
Editor(s)	Esra Nemli Çalışkan
Cover (PDF)
Full Text (PDF)
Front Pages (PDF)

Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences

VOLUME 30, ISSUE 1, 2021

Calibrating the Economic Impact of a Deficit in the Institutional Quality of Government: The Case of Spain

The Economics of Culture and the Culture of Economics: On the Methodological Foundations of the Ülgener-Sayar Research Program

The Effect of Demographic Change on Inflation

A Study of Citizen Participation in Municipality Council Meetings in the Context of Political Participation

M5S, Lega, PD, and Italy’s Never Ending Political Crises

Analysis of Transforming Security Through the Water Resources and Affiliated Conflicts Between 2000 and 2019: Case of Iraq, Syria and Turkey

Formation, Crisis, and Dissolution of the Corporatist State in Mexico

The Formation and Development of the Black Lives Matter Movement: A Political Process Perspective

Cognitive and Experiential Processes in Economic Expectations and Decision-Making

INFORMATION

SHARE