Bülent

Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Poetry for children is a world-wide genre of poetry written for children and has a long history. Children’s literature is written to develop children’s language skills, to nurture their imagination, and to offer fun and instructive experiences. In line with this, poetry for children has emerged as the collection of poems that contribute to children’s language development, that amuse them, and that make them think.The Gagauz literature emerged in the 19th century in order to develop and preserve the Gagauz language in Gagauzia. Religious texts and folk tales mostly occurred at the forefront in the early period of Gagauz literature, with specific information about children’s literature being limited. However, more specific steps regarding the development of Gagauz children’s literature and the emergence of poetry for children were able to be taken in the second half of the 20th century, during which time various studies were carried out on preserving and disseminating the Gagauz language and culture. Gagauz authors and poets have written works for Gagauz children and contributed to the development of the Gagauz children’s literature. Schools, children’s literature magazines, and cultural events in Gagauzia played a great role in the spread and growing popularity of Gagauz poetry for children. Gagauz poetry for children has poems written for children in the Gagauz language and on its culture. These poems have been written to improve the language skills of Gagauz children, strengthen their cultural identity, and contribute to their emotional development. Gagauz poetry for children forms an important part of Gagauz literature and is popular with children in general. Various themes are addressed in Gagauz poetry for children. These themes can include nature, family, friendship, animals, adventure, games, fairy tales, heroism, and education and focus on the issues children encounter in their daily lives with the aim of conveying messages about values, cultural heritage, and life skills. For example, children learn concepts in the nature-themed poems about things such as environmental protection and love of nature while also discovering the beauties of nature. Family- and friendship-themed poems emphasize values such as love, loyalty, and solidarity. Local mythological and folkloric elements are also frequently used in Gagauz poetry for children. Legendary characters, mythological elements, and references&nbsp;to local folk tales help children become more connected to Gagauz culture and traditions. These elements feed children’s imaginations and increase their interest in folkloric heritage. In addition, children’s grow in awareness regarding discovering their own cultural identities and protecting their values through Gagauz poetry for children. This poetry also aims to express language and style in a catchy way that children can understand. These poems generally use a rhyming language and provide rhythmic fluency. Carefully chosen words help children develop their language skills while expanding their vocabulary. Simple and understandable language is preferred so that children can enjoy reading and understanding the poems. Gagauz poetry for children has both purposes both educational and entertaining. These poems allow children to develop their language skills, increase their emotional expression and nurture their imaginations. They also provide children with opportunities to develop their own thinking skills, use their creativity, and explore their ability for self-expression. Gagauz poems for children are often published and presented in children’s literature magazines, as well as in schools and events held in Gagauzia. The poems may also be presented in poetry reading competitions among children or in performances at school events.Gagauz poetry for children plays an important role in transferring the Gagauz language and culture to future generations. These poems contributed to the development of Gagauz children’s literature with poems reflecting the Gagauz language, culture, and values onto children. Gagauz poetry for children is an important tool that helps Gagauz children strengthen their identities, express themselves and make sense of the world. In addition, children’s love and devotion to the Gagauz language is reinforced through these poems as they explore the magical world of poetry. Gagauz poetry for children is an invaluable part of the Gagauz literature as well as a legacy to be passed on to future generations. These poems inspire children to preserve and perpetuate the power of language, cultural identity, and local values and can be seen as a promising sign that the Gagauz language and culture will survive into the future.

On Gagauz Poetry for Children

Hacer

Assist. Prof. Dr.

The first military forces of the Ottoman principalities during the reign of Osman Gazi consisted of Turkmen groups. These military forces were unable to siege for long periods and sometimes failed to arrive at the battle in time. This necessitated the establishment of a permanent army. As a result, the decision was made to establish a permanent army consisting of Turkish youth. During the founding years of the Ottoman principalities, the first military units consisted of infantryman (yaya) and cavalryman (müsellem). According to the Ottoman chronicles, they are accepted as first becoming organized units during the time of Orhan Bey. Infantrymen participated in the war on foot, while the cavalrymen participated on horseback. However, as a result of restructuring in the army, the positions of the cavalrymen changed over time, and they started to take on more background roles, fulfilling certain duties such as road construction, cannonball production, mining, or castle restoration in return for their tax exempt status. The Çirmen Sanjak was the most important musellem center in Rumelia, with the towns of Çirmen, Akça Kıznalık, Ergene, Hasköy, Tekfurdağı, Yenice-i Zağra, and Inecik being affiliated with it. This study has been conducted by referring to various archive documents, especially the cadastral registers, and discusses the Ergene musellems, a branch from the Çirmen Sanjak. The city of Ergene was a part of Dimetoka when it was first established. However, due to the presence of many musellems in Ergene, it later became affiliated with the Çirmen Sanjak, the most important center of Rumelia. Musellems lived on farms called ocaks in peacetime. In the Ottoman literature, an ocak meant enough land to support a peasant family. Musellems made a living from the income they got from these farms. The population on musellem farms consisted of the musellems, the musellems’ assistants, called yamak, and the musellems’ sons, brothers, nephews, and freed slaves. When the musellems went to war, their yamak gave 50 akçe [small silver coins] to finance their war expenses. Musellems had served for many years in the Ottoman army but began to disrupt their service in the beginning of the 16th century. As a result of the changes made in the Ottoman military system, the number of musellems began to decrease toward the end of the 16th century. During the 16th century, the musellem corps were found in 14 villages in Ergene, with a total of 24 musellem corps present in these 14 villages. Toward the end of the 16th century, however, both the villages with musellem corps as well as the number of corps in the villages decreased significantly, with the musellem corps finally disappearing completely in the 17th century.

An Example of the Rumeli Eskinci Musellem Corps: The Ergene Musellems in the 15th-16th Centuries

Mehmet

The definition of geographical descriptions regarding the region around the river Ibar and its southern plateau, known commonly as Kosovo (also as Kosovo and Metohija) is an issue that continues to spark political controversies. Likewise, the mere attempt to provide an overview regarding the historiographical interpretations about this area more often than not result in a difficult task for researchers, with the dilemma remaining of whether to include or exclude certain sources, theories, or postulates that are dubbed as non-objective by one party or as extremely biased by another school of thought. Any exclusion as well as any inclusion of sources and viewpoints will create bias, and any attempt to provide political correctness in lieu of academic craftsmanship will ensure that any thesis loses a good portion of its scientific posture as soon as public opinion changes. Therefore, this article postulates that:1. Historical impartiality and absolute scientific objectivity in historical research should be an ideal to be pursued in history research but to also never be fully achievable, including in this study.2. All interpretations of historical events should be treated evenly and be subjected to the reader’s judgment as much as possible.3. Due to the ever-changing zeitgeist, any historical interpretation regarding the research subject or other related themes will unconsciously reflect contemporary values and is relatively sure to be devaluated after a certain amount of time.4. The science of history, unlike in specific areas of natural science, is subject to continuous retesting and adjustment just like any social science can never provide an absolute truth: It is only scientific in the way it applies the scientific method itselfIn line with those postulates, this study strives to present and interpret the genesis of historical sources regarding the Kosovo region, as well as the impact ancient and temporary historiography has imposed on the formation of national identity. Within this scope, this study postulates that the deconstruction of national identity as attempted by Anderson is only relevant as long as it is accepted within the scope of scientific research and implied within realpolitik. Otherwise, a national or group identity in one form or another is likely to influence the interpretation of history and the forging of group identities as such. Therefore, the presentation of a variety of historical interpretations and theories regarding the development of a certain region, such as in the case of Kosovo (also Kosovo and Metohija) in this study, will include a number of theories that are doomed to conflict with each other. Nevertheless, these very diverse and exclusive interpretations are sometimes also unconsciously prone to compliment and build upon each other’s existence. As an example, this study can cite the pan-Illyrian theories, in which all concerned parties accept that a tribe called the Illyrians had dwelt in the Southern Balkans in ancient times. However, while a good portion of Albanian historians have attempted to establish a continuous presence of the Illyrians from antiquity until today, most Serbian historians assume a quite different approach by claiming the Illyrians to have been the ancestors of the Albanian nation. While accepting the historical existence of the Illyrians in this way, they reject any relevant ties to modern Albanian history and culture. Likewise, most Serbian historians defend the theory that the region of Kosovo, as a part of and nucleus of developing Serbian states, had been populated by a Slavic-Serbian or Slavicized minority and that Albanians as such hadn’t established any demographic presence until the late 17th century. Albanian historians, however, present a quite contrary view, indicating themselves as the autochthonous and historical inhabitants of the present geography, while describing the Slavic migration during the 6th century AD as a form of colonization.Without trying to establish any attempt toward a historical judgment, this study present readers with the relevant national myths, both ancient and modern alike, thus enabling her or them to witness the development of the conflicting historical paradigms. The article will also attempt to point out a common denominator between these rival historiographic theories without imposing anything. Within this scope, the article duly realizes that 19th-century interpretations of national identity and historiography are still very much alive in the Balkans. This does not mean the Balkans as such are to be seen as an historical anachronism. Quite the contrary, these aforesaid concepts of identity, even as an antipode in deconstructing ancient identities and forging new group identities, are very much alive in other parts of the globe and are safe for using a different terminology. Therefore, as limited as the scientific method can be implemented within the vast area covered by history as part of the social sciences, it can still act as a guideline. Notwithstanding, the still omnipotent presence of the concept of historicism, once popular for seek to ascertain historical developments, still has an impact regarding the interpretation of past events. This is not necessarily a reason to be concerned but instead just points to the near impossibility of being able to establish an all comprehensive model of historical truth in history, whether regarding the Balkan region or any other geography.&nbsp;

Historical Perception and the Political Impacts of History Theses  on Kosovo

Hatice

Emperor Manuel I Komnenos was born in the capital of the Byzantine Empire as a member of the famous Komnenian Dynasty, which ruled the Byzantine Empire for over a century in the 11th and 12th centuries, and the son of Emperor John II Komnenos who presided over the throne at that time. Manuel Komnenos was a member of a royal family not only from his father’s side but also from his mother’s, the Hungarian royal family of the Árpáds. Manuel was born in the Purple Room (Porphyra), which has an important place in the Byzantine palace tradition.Members of the Komnenos family began to appear in sources during the reign of Emperor Basil I (976-1025). Five members of the Komnenos family had served in the empire, especially in the military field, and ascended to the imperial throne. Although Isaac I (1057- 1059) was the first emperor of the Komnenos family to ascend to the throne of the Byzantine Empire, the Komnenian Dynasty had actually started with his nephew, Alexius I (1081-1118), who is also accepted as co-founder of the dynasty. Like other male members of his family, Manuel I Komnenos had been raised primarily as a good soldier and actively experienced the principality period, participating in wars alongside his father. His brave actions in these wars in particular differentiated him positively from his other brothers. This distinction would affect his father proclaiming him as emperor while his elder brother was still alive. While practically still a child, Prince Manuel began to join in expeditions alongside his father, John II. The first expedition Manuel participated in was the Neocaesarea Campaign his father conducted against the Danishmendids in the last days of 1139. During this war, Manuel attracted all the attention with his extraordinary courage in attacking the enemy army. After the battle was over, the emperor praised his son Manuel for his bravery in front of the army. However, after retreating to their tent, the father albeit light berated him for throwing himself at the enemy without his command. Manuel had probably participated in at least some of his father’s previous&nbsp;campaigns, but he was first recorded in the sources as a soldier of war with his remarkable actions during the Neocaesarea Campaign. After the end of the Neocaesarea campaign in 1139-1140, Emperor John would go on to have Manuel and his other sons with him in all his expeditions during the last years of his life and frequently asked their opinions about the strategies he would implement.Emperor John II withdrew to Cilicia on April 1, 1143 after the disappointment in Antioch in his last campaign to the East toward the end of 1142. Emperor John II established his camp near Ayn Zarba in Cilicia and went hunting there that same day. He suffered a great misfortune while hunting, injuring his hand with one of the poisoned arrows in his bag while fighting with a wild boar. Returning to his tent toward evening, the emperor’s wound began to swell, and by the next day had quickly given way to unbearable pain. The doctors’ interventions did nothing to help, instead the situation worsened, and the swelling spread throughout his whole arm. Having lost all hope of recovery, the emperor pondered on who to appoint as emperor in his place. He ultimately decided on Manuel, one of his two surviving sons, as two of the emperor’s other sons had recently died. Realizing that he was going to die, the emperor summoned his relatives, friends, commanders, nobles, and people of high rank and title to his tent and explained to them in detail his reasons for choosing his youngest son Manuel as his successor. He said that both of his sons were virtuous, physically healthy, and strong and had high nobility and deep wisdom. However, he thought his last-born son, Manuel, would manage the empire better, as his eldest son Isaac could sometimes make mistakes due to his impetuous nature. He stated Manuel to be docile, obedient, and readily accepting of what is useful, and these were his reasons for choosing Manuel to succeed him. He ordered his entourage to accept Manuel as the ruler blessed by God and as the elected emperor. The Byzantine soldiers and dignitaries who had gathered beside the dying emperor accepted his proposal and welcomed Manuel as emperor as if it were in accordance with the law of succession. A few days after these events, Emperor John II Komnenos died in Cilicia on April 8, 1143, and Manuel took his place on the throne.

The Life of Manuel I Comnenus before Ascending the Imperial Throne (1118-1143)

Şeyhmus

The Turkish Seljuks State (Seljuk Sultanate of Rum) started sending auxiliary troops to assist the Byzantine Empire in its Balkan campaigns since the reign of Sultan Suleiman Shah I (1075–1086). Emperors from the Komnenos dynasty specifically benefited from the Seljuk Turkmens in these campaigns. Particularly during the reign of Alexios I Komnenos (1081–1118), Turkmens played an important role in the Byzantine army in recapturing strategic cities such as Draç, which was under Norman occupation. It has been determined that the presence of the Turkish Seljuks in the Balkan campaigns continued during the Greek Empire of Nicaea. After 1261, when Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos (1259–1282) recaptured Constantinople (Istanbul), Turks/Turkmens were one of the decisive elements in Byzantium’s wars with the Latins in the Balkans. Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos had probably established contact with the Turkmens and their chiefs during his stay (1256–1257) with Sultan Izz al-Din KayKawus II (1246–1262). When he ascended the throne as emperor, it is believed that he used these close relations with the Turkmens during the Balkan campaigns. Byzantium’s foreign policy during this period was orientated toward eliminating any threat from the Balkans to block the Latin occupation of Constantinople. Not only did this Western-centered policy of the emperor enable the Turkmens of Western Anatolia to serve in the Byzantine army as paid soldiers but also contributed to the establishment of Turkish sovereignty in the region. During the reign of Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, Christian–Turkish elements called Turkopol joined various ranks of the Byzantine army. It is known that many Turks who converted to Christianity or were born to this religion during and after Michael VIII Palaiologos’s reign lived in the Byzantine Empire. Moreover, one of the most controversial issues of the Turkish presence in the Balkans is based on the relations between the Turkish Seljuks State and Byzantium. It is known that after Sultan Izz al-Din Kay-Kawus II defected to Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos, a large Turkmen group loyal to him moved to the Balkans. These Turkmens, known as Gagauz Turks, settled in Dobrudja and lived in the Balkans. It is claimed that after the death of their leader Sarı Saltık, some of them returned to Anatolia and, in time, the rest of them became&nbsp;Christians and continued to live in the region. This Turkish community points to the existence of an important mass in contact with this region since 1078, when the presence of Seljuk Turks in the Balkans was known. One of the most important issues mentioned by the sources both in the Balkan campaigns during the Komnenos period and in the operations during the reign of Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos was the mastery of the Turkish cavalry in archery. The sources of the period mention that the lightly-armored, fast-moving Turkmen archers were effective in defeating Byzantium’s enemies. The Byzantines made the Seljuk Turkmens, who became their eastern neighbors after 1071, their allies through gifts, donations, and treaties, exploiting every opportunity this diplomacy offered them. The Turkish Seljuks State also evaluated Byzantine Empire’s requests for military assistance according to their internal dynamics as a way of controlling the Turkmens during their foundation years and during the authority vacuum created by the Mongol invasion. In this study, concrete events indicating the relations between the Turkish Seljuks State and the Byzantine Empire are discussed, which reveal that two different civilizations reconciled and helped each other to a certain extent through diplomacy, when necessary.

Military Aid from the Seljuk State of Türkiye to the Byzantine Empire Campaigns in the Balkans

Esra

Res. Assist.

The Byzantine-Western Relations during the Reign of Emperor Alexius I Comnenus (1081-1118)

Mustafa

Prof. Dr.

@JOURNAL_BOX_CURRENT

@JOURNAL_BOX_EARLYVIEW

Oleg

Assoc. Prof.

Assist. Prof.

Aleksandr I and the First Phase of the Rebellion of 1821

Petersburg: A Mithic and Textual Existence Beyond  The Limits of The Time

@JOURNAL_BOX_FEATURED

Maja

Valentina

Osmanlı Kültüründe Makedon Şehirlerinin Kent Kavramı

Olga

Prof.

BYZANTINE DREAM OF ATHENIAN POLITICIANS (XIX-XX CENTURIES)

@JOURNAL_BOX_MOSTREAD

The Journal of South-Eastern European Studies (GAAD) is a scholarly, open access, peer-reviewed official publication of the Istanbul University, the Faculty of Letters published since 1972.

Publication: Biannual (April and October)

Languages: Turkish, English, German, French and the local languages of South-Eastern European countries (for issues approved by the editorial board)

SOBIAD

EBSCO

@METRIC_VOLUMES

@METRIC_ISSUES

@METRIC_ARTICLES

@METRIC_OPENACCESS

The Journal of Southeastern European Studies

@INFO_TAB_ABOUT

Editor in Chief

Co Editor in Chief

Book Review Editor

English Language Editor

Editorial Board Member

Advisory Board Member

@INFO_TAB_BOARDS

The Journal of South-Eastern European Studies aims to contribute to the scholarly knowledge in the field of South-Eastern European history by publishing original papers.The GAAD is an open forum for studies in the field of history and archeology. The journal, however, also publishes research and review articles on art history, literature, economics, religious studies, and linguistics provided that they are related with the history of the South-Eastern Europe. The editorial board particularly promotes papers and reviews on the ancient history and archeology of the South-Eastern Europe as well as the Ottoman historical experience in the region.

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SOBİADEBSCO Central &amp; Eastern European Academic Source

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The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a> The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the Journal. Only those manuscripts approved by every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the Journal requires written permission of all declared authors.Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviors. All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. Plagiarism Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. If plagiarism/self-plagiarism will be found authors will be informed. Editors may resubmit manuscript for similarity check at any peer-review or production stage if required. High similarity scores may lead to rejection of a manuscript before and even after acceptance. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity score taken from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 15 or 20%. Double Blind Peer-Review After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by the editors-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The editor provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles and hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

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The Journal of Southeastern European Studies is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, to access the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All parties involved in the publishing process (Editors, Reviewers, Authors and Publisher) are expected to agree on the following ethical principles.All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Each manuscript is reviewed by one of the editors and at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. In accordance with the code of conduct we will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing.

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The Journal of Southeastern European Studies adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.<ul><li>Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.</li><li>The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.</li><li>The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.</li><li>Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.</li><li>Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.</li><li>The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest must be disclosed.</li><li>In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.</li><li>If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.</li><li>In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.</li></ul>

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Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. Editor-in-Chief provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by Editor-in-Chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.​ The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by Editor-in-Chief upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims. Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal. Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review. <div style="text-align: left;font-size: 10pt;">- Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?</div><div style="text-align: left;">- Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?</div> <div style="text-align: left;">- Is the problem significant and concisely stated?</div> <div style="text-align: left;">- Are the methods described comprehensively?</div> <div style="text-align: left;">- Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?</div> <div style="text-align: left;">- Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?</div> <div style="text-align: left;">- Is the language acceptable?</div> Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side. A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process. The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

LanguageArticles in Turkish and English are published. Submitted manuscript must include an abstract both in the article language and in English, and an extended abstract in English as well. However extended abstract in English is not required for articles in English.Manuscript SubmissionAll correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified. Manuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="http://dergipark.gov.tr/login" target="_blank">http://dergipark.gov.tr/login</a> that can be accessed at <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iugaad" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iugaad</a> and it must be accompanied by a <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/05E04C0DD1F14D8CAEA1B5D00B638831" target="_blank">Title Page</a> specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist). Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word 2003 and upper versions. In addition, <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/938BB34F25B44DE889256E9CD3AE11B7" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted.Manuscript Preparation1. The manuscripts should be in A4 paper standards: having 2.5 cm margins from right, left, bottom and top, Times New Roman font style in 10 font size and line spacing of 1.5.2. The manuscripts should contain between 3500 and 10.000 words and the page numbers must be at the bottom and in the middle.3. The name(s) of author(s) should be given just beneath the title of the study aligned to the right. Also the affiliation, title, e-mail and phone of the author(s) must be indicated on the bottom of the page as a footnote marked with an asterisk (*).4. Before the introduction part, there should be an abstract between 180 and 200 words in Turkish and English and an extended abstract in English between 600-800 words, summarizing the scope, the purpose, the results of the study and the methodology used. Underneath the abstracts, five keywords that inform the reader about the content of the study should be specified in Turkish and in English. Extended abstract in English is mandatory only for manuscripts in Turkish.5. The manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords; extended abstract in English, sections, end notes and references.6. Research article sections are ordered as follows: “INTRODUCTION”, “AIM AND METHODOLOGY”, “FINDINGS”, “DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION”, “ENDNOTES” and “REFERENCES” and “TABLES AND FIGURES”. For review and commentary articles, the article should start with the “INTRODUCTION” section where the purpose and the method is mentioned, go on with the other sections; and it should be finished with “DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION” section followed by “ENDNOTES”, “REFERENCES” and “TABLES AND FIGURES”.7. Tables, graphs and figures can be given with a number and a defining title if and only if it is necessary to follow the idea of the article. Otherwise features like demographic characteristics can be given within the text.8. A <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/05E04C0DD1F14D8CAEA1B5D00B638831" target="_blank">title page</a> including author information must be submitted together with the manuscript. The title page is to include fully descriptive title of the manuscript and, affiliation, title, e-mail address, postal address, phone and fax number of the author(s) (see The Submission Checklist).9. Authors are responsible for all statements made in their work submitted to the Journal for publication.10. References should be in accordance with <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/5199145D628D46D3A95BFCB71AA7695D" target="_blank">Modern Humanities Research Association (MHRA) style 3th Edition.</a>

Author Guidelines

Reference Style and Format The Journal of South-Eastern European Studies complies with the MHRA (Modern Humanities Research Association) style 3th Edition for referencing and quoting. For more information:- Modern Humanities Research Association. (2013). MHRA Style Guide. A Handbook for Authors and Editors (3th ed.). London.- <a href="http://www.mhra.org.uk" target="_blank">http://www.mhra.org.uk</a>Accuracy of citation is the author’s responsibility. All references should be cited in text. Reference list should be in alphabetical order.Citations in the TextThe bibliographic documentation of the cited sources should be provided in footnotes including the full name of the author (first name and surname), the title of the work, city, publisher, publication date. In case of multiple citations in a footnote, sources should be separated with a (;) mark and should be arranged according to date of publication. Examples:BOOKOne author Footnote: Ömer Gezer, Kale ve Nefer. Habsburg Serhaddinde Osmanlı Askeri Gücü (1699‒1715), İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi, 2020, pp. 109-136. Short note: Ö. Gezer, Kale ve Nefer, s. 109-136. Bibliography: Gezer, Ömer, Kale ve Nefer. Habsburg Serhaddinde Osmanlı Askeri Gücü (1699‒1715), İstanbul: Kitap Yayınevi, 2020.Two or three authors Footnote: Mehmet İnbaşı and Eyüp Kul, Balkanlarda Bir Türk Şehri Üsküp. Fetihten XVIII. Yüzyıla Kadar, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, 2018, p. 40. Short note: M. İnbaşı and E. Kul, Balkanlarda Bir Türk Şehri, p. 40. Bibliography: İnbaşı, Mehmet and Eyüp Kul, Balkanlarda Bir Türk Şehri Üsküp. Fetihten XVIII. Yüzyıla Kadar, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, 2018.Four or more authors List all of the authors in the bibliography; in the footnote, only the name of the first author should be mentioned followed by et al. Edited or compiled volume(s) Footnote: Novili Ömer Efendi, Tarih-i Bosna. Osmanlı-Habsburg Savaşları 1736‒39, ed. Fatma Sel Turhan, İstanbul: Küre Yayınları, 2016, p. 46. Short note: Novili Ömer Efendi, p. 46. Bibliography: Novili Ömer Efendi, Tarih-i Bosna. Osmanlı-Habsburg Savaşları 1736‒39, ed. Fatma Sel Turhan, İstanbul: Küre Yayınları, 2016. Translated book(s) Footnote: Barbara Jelavich, Balkan Tarihi. 18. ve 19. Yüzyıllar, trans. İhsan Durdu, Gülçin Tunalı, Haşim Koç, 3. ed., İstanbul: Küre Yayınları, 2013, pp. 110-125. Short note: B. Jelavich, Balkan Tarihi, pp. 110-125. Bibliography: Jelavich, Barbara, Balkan Tarihi. 18. ve 19. Yüzyıllar, trans. İhsan Durdu, Gülçin Tunalı, Haşim Koç, 3. ed., İstanbul: Küre Yayınları, 2013. ARTICLE Footnote: Vjeran Kursar, “Being an Ottoman Vlach: On Vlach Identity(ies), Role and Status in Western Parts of the Ottoman Balkans (15th-18th Centuries)”, Ankara Üniversitesi Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, 34 (2013), pp. 120-122. Short note: V. Kursar, “Being an Ottoman Vlach”, pp. 120-122. Bibliography: Kursar, Vjeran, “Being an Ottoman Vlach: On Vlach Identity(ies), Role and Status in Western Parts of the Ottoman Balkans (15th-18th Centuries)”, Ankara Üniversitesi Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, 34 (2013), pp. 115-161.Online Article without DOI Footnote: Umut Al and Güleda Doğan, “Hacettepe Üniversitesi Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi Bölümü Tezlerinin Atıf Analizi”, Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 26 (2012), pp. 355-358. Access address: http://www.tk.org.tr/ Short note: U. Al and G. Doğan, “Hacettepe Üniversitesi”, pp. 355-358. Bibliography: Al, Umut and Güleda Doğan, “Hacettepe Üniversitesi Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi Bölümü Tezlerinin Atıf Analizi”, Türk Kütüphaneciliği, 26 (2012), pp. 349-369. Access address: <a href="http://www.tk.org.tr/">http://www.tk.org.tr/</a>Journal Article with DOI Footnote: Steven J. Turner, “Website Statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to Measure Library Website Effectiveness”, Technical Services Quarterly, 27 (2010), p. 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910 Short note: S. J. Turner, “Website Statistics”, p. 266. Bibliography: Steven J. Turner, “Website Statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to Measure Library Website Effectiveness”, Technical Services Quarterly, 27 (2010), pp. 261-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910 CHAPTER or OTHER PART of a BOOKShort note: Emir O. Filipović, “‘Creato Regni’ in the Great Seal of Bosnian King Tvrtko Kotromanić”, A Companion to Seals in the Middle Ages, ed. Laura J. Whatley, Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2019, p. 265. Short note: E. O. Filipović, “Creato Regni”, p. 265. Bibliography: Filipović, Emir O., “‘Creato Regni’ in the Great Seal of Bosnian King Tvrtko Kotromanić”, A Companion to Seals in the Middle Ages, ed. Laura J. Whatley, Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2019, pp. 263-276. BOOK REVIEWFootnote: Sercan Pektaş, “Dóra Bobory, The Sword and the Crucible: Count Boldizsár Batthyány and Natural Philosophy in Sixteenth-Century Hungary, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009” (Book Review), Güneydoğu Avrupa Dergisi, 24 (2013), p. 123. Short note: S. Pektaş, “The Sword and the Crucible” (Book review), p. 123. Bibliography: Pektaş, Sercan, “Dóra Bobory, The Sword and the Crucible: Count Boldizsár Batthyány and Natural Philosophy in Sixteenth-Century Hungary, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009” (Book review), Güneydoğu Avrupa Dergisi, 24 (2013), pp. 123-125. THESIS or DISSERTATIONFootnote: Baki Tezcan, Searching for Osman: A Reassessment of the Deposition of the Ottoman Sultan Osman II (1618–1622), unpublished PhD diss., Princeton University, 2001, pp. 207-209. Short note: B. Tezcan, Searching for Osman, pp. 207-209. Bibliography: Tezcan, Baki, Searching for Osman: A Reassessment of the Deposition of the Ottoman Sultan Osman II (1618–1622), unpublished PhD diss., Princeton University, 2001. CONFERENCE/SYMPOSIUM PAPER(S)Footnote: Zsuzsanna Csiráki, “Hungarian Elements in the Habsburg-Ottoman Diplomacy during the Seventeenth Century”, The Performance of Diplomacy in the Early Modern World, Don Juan Archiv, Stvdivm Fæsvlanvm, Universidad de Granada, 17-18 March 2017, Vienna, Austria. Short note: Z. Csiráki, “Hungarian Elements”. Bibliography: Csiráki, Zsuzsanna, “Hungarian Elements in the Habsburg-Ottoman Diplomacy during the Seventeenth Century”, The Performance of Diplomacy in the Early Modern World, Don Juan Archiv, Stvdivm Fæsvlanvm, Universidad de Granada, 17-18 March 2017, Vienna, Austria. Conference/Symposium Paper Abstract Retrieved Online Murat Çınar, Dilek Doğan and S. Sadi Seferoğlu, “Eğitimde Dijital Araçlar: Google Sınıf Uygulaması Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme” [Abstract], Paper presented at the Conference of Academic Informatics, Anadolu University, Eskişehir. Access address: http://ab2015.anadolu.edu.tr /index.php?menu=5&amp;submenu=27 Other Sources<div style="text-align: left;">a) Newspaper Article</div><div style="text-align: left;">Çiğdem Toker, ‘Unutma’ notları, Cumhuriyet, 26 June 2015, p. 13.</div><div style="text-align: left;">b) Newspaper Article with no Author</div><div style="text-align: left;">New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.</div><div style="text-align: left;">c) Web Page/Blog Post</div><div style="text-align: left;">David Bordwell, David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post], 18 June 2013. Retrieved from <a href="http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/" target="_blank" style="font-size: 9pt;">http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/</a></div><div style="text-align: left;">d) Online Encyclopedia/Dictionary</div><div style="text-align: left;">“Bilgi mimarisi”, in Vikipedi, (20 December 2014). Access address: http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgi_mimarisi</div><div style="text-align: left;">Alexei Marcoux, “Business ethics”. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (2008). Retrieved from <a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/" target="_blank" style="font-size: 9pt;">http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/</a></div><div style="text-align: left;">e) Podcast</div><div style="text-align: left;">Dunning, B. (Producer). (2011, January 12). inFact: Conspiracy theories [Video podcast]. Retrieved from <a href="http://itunes.apple.com/" target="_blank" style="font-size: 9pt;">http://itunes.apple.com/</a></div><div style="text-align: left;">f) Single Episode in a Television Series</div><div style="text-align: left;">D. Shore (Screenwriter), M. Jackson (Screenwriter) and S. Bookstaver (Director), “Runaways [TV Series episode]”, D. Shore (Executive producer),in House M.D. , 2012. New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.</div><div style="text-align: left;">g) Music</div><div style="text-align: left;">Fazıl Say, Galata Kulesi, in İstanbul senfonisi [CD], (2012). İstanbul: Ak Müzik.</div>

Ensure that the following items are present:<ul><li>Confirm that the category of the manuscript is specifed.</li><li>Confirm that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.</li><li>Confirm that disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement is provided.</li><li>Confirm that last control for academic English was done.</li><li>Confirm that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.</li><li>Confirm that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in with MHRA 3th.</li></ul>● <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/938BB34F25B44DE889256E9CD3AE11B7" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>● Permission of previous published material if used in the present manuscript● <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/E7DBD54686664E4CABD32B35DEDC21DE" target="_blank">Title page</a><ul><li>The category of the manuscript</li><li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li><li>All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addresses</li><li>Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, telephone and fax number</li><li>ORCIDs of all authors.</li><li>Grant support (if exists)</li><li>Conflict of interest (if exists)</li><li>Acknowledgement (if exists)</li></ul>● Main Manuscript Document<ul><li>Important: Please avoid mentioning the the author (s) names in the manuscript</li><li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li><li>Abstract (180-200 words)</li><li>Key words: 5 words</li><li>Extended abstract in English: 600-800 words (for Turkish articles)</li><li>Body text sections</li><li>References</li><li>All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, explanation, captions)</li></ul>

<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/938BB34F25B44DE889256E9CD3AE11B7" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/C866C80F0B094D04A18F4767382B156C" target="_blank">Title Page</a>

Issue Type	Regular
Editor(s)	Mustafa H. Sayar
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The Journal of Southeastern European Studies

ISSUE 39, 2022

On Gagauz Poetry for Children

An Example of the Rumeli Eskinci Musellem Corps: The Ergene Musellems in the 15th-16th Centuries

Historical Perception and the Political Impacts of History Theses on Kosovo

The Life of Manuel I Comnenus before Ascending the Imperial Throne (1118-1143)

Military Aid from the Seljuk State of Türkiye to the Byzantine Empire Campaigns in the Balkans

The Byzantine-Western Relations during the Reign of Emperor Alexius I Comnenus (1081-1118)

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