Mehmet

Assist. Prof. Dr.

Television, being a prominent player in traditional media, exerts a deep influence on societal involvement within Turkish culture. From the inception of Turkish television, a noteworthy genre that consistently captures a substantial viewership and a considerable portion of overall broadcast time is the television series, referred to as "dizi" in Turkish. The substantial allocation of airtime to TV series, coupled with the audience’s fervent interest in them, has fostered a practice and necessity of procuring fresh series formats and creating remakes, commonly recognized as "adaptations." Throughout the 2000s, a multitude of foreign-origin remakes expanded the diversity of content in Turkish television (Erguvan, 2017; Erguvan &amp; Işıklar, Koçak, 2020). This research centers on audiovisual translation within the realm of remakes, a topic that has received limited attention from scholars in the field of translation studies. It delves into the notions of translation and translators in the context of television series remakes. This study aims to investigate aspects such as the presence or absence of translation in the remakes of TV series originating from diverse countries, as well as the visibility or invisibility of the translators involved.First, the research, in accordance with Gottlieb’s conceptualization (2007, s.7), characterizes television remakes as an isosemiotic, interlingual, and inspirational mode of translation. Remakes represent a composite translation form shaped by various societal actors and influenced by the dynamics of a new sociocultural, economic, and ideological context. Within this translation framework, the connection to an original source text is characterized by a higher degree of freedom and a lesser degree of predictability in comparison to more conventional forms of audiovisual translation.In this research, a multifaceted approach is adopted to the subject of remakes and those involved in their creation. Initially, the study will provide insights into the perspectives of scriptwriters, who hold a pivotal role as decisionmakers in the production of remakes, regarding the aspects of translation and translators. To achieve this, semistructured interviews will be conducted. The interviews, comprising open-ended questions, are designed to offer valuable background insights into various facets and phases of the Turkish television remake process, as well as the key individuals driving this creative endeavor.Subsequently, the study will conduct a critical assessment of how Turkish viewers perceive remakes by gathering data from platforms such as Ekşi Sözlük, YouTube, and Twitter. Another facet of this research will entail the examination of "media paratexts" (as discussed by Batchelor, 2018). These paratexts encompass written and digital media materials, such as news articles and critiques, which wield a significant influence in shaping public perceptions of remakes. The primary methods employed in this study will be semi-structured interviews and paratextual analysis.Ultimately, it has been observed that remakes offer new perspectives specific to television, which differs from the conventional understanding of translation and the role of the translator. Remakes have been found to refresh the conventional notion of translation, presenting it as a concept that evolves over time. Acknowledging the concept of rewriting within the framework of translation as a means to describe the content of translation and to question translation texts is among the significant outcomes of this research. Thus, in parallel with developments in Translation Studies that focus on diversified texts and production methods with the aid of new technologies, remakes emerge as a concept and practice that expand the traditional understanding of translation, encouraging us to rethink translation in terms of transformation, creativity, alteration, and displacement.&nbsp;

Remakes and Remakers from the Perspective of Translatıon Studies

Nuray

“Paratext,” “Supertext,” and “Intertext” are elements of the much more comprehensive concept of “text within the text.” Paratexts are the elements that contribute to the framework of a text and transform it into a work of art, play an important role in the reader’s perception of the text, and are located around the text and connected to it. J. Derrida and G. Genette introduce the concept of paratext, which is used in pragmatic studies.In translation, paratext elements have a functional role in understanding a text and recognizing the work of the target culture reader. Considering a work’s pre-translation and post-translation processes, paratext elements appear as primary elements that witness these translation processes and form an integrity with the text. A translated work employs peritextual elements to appeal to the target reader, or to make a sound with its translation. Concerning a translated work, elements that may appear in written, visual, or auditory form outside the main text are crucial in the reception of the work in the target culture.White Castle has been chosen as the object of the study. Translations of the work in Russian by V. B. Fyonova in 2005 and 2007 and by M. Sharov in 2016 and 2017 have been analyzed in terms of paratextual elements. The review has been explicitly discussed in terms of peritextual elements. The elements in question have been revealed using the descriptive method. This study aims to observe how Orhan Pamuk is perceived in the literary world of the Russian target culture as a Turkish novelist through peritext elements.&nbsp;Paratextual elements, especially the front covers of translated works, are a part of the author’s journey of circulation in the target culture. On some covers, the Ottoman period in which the work is written is highlighted by visuals such as orientalist patterns, heroes in Ottoman costumes, mosques, and domed structures symbolizing Islam. In some covers, the mystical aspect of the work is touched upon, and the twin-similar theme and emphasis on mystery that we find in almost every work by the author are carried over to the covers. The covers also depict the power balance of the country whose translation is being published. In the four different editions examined, the translator’s name appears on the inside cover, rather than on the front or back cover. Hence, we can argue that this situation hinders the visibility of translators.Peritexts make bridging the gap between the translated text and the target text easier. The translator’s explanatory notes strengthen the bond between the translator and the target reader, allowing them to stay in touch and communicate. During the translation adventure, the translator may have needed to consult various dictionaries (etymological, annotated, etc.) and sources (Ottoman period books, etc.). These notes bring the translator’s effort to understand and analyze the source text in detail.In the notes explaining words like place names and titles used in the Ottoman period, and cultural elements, Fyonova’s translation have more translator notes than Sharov’s translation. Fyonova’s tendency to make herself more visible as a translator may explain her inclusion of numerous explanations. Furthermore, this could be an attempt to introduce the Russian reader to Orhan Pamuk and Türkiye, familiarize them with him, or bring him closer to the readers. M. Sharov’s translation has less translator notes is possibly because of the motive to make the author untouchable and not interfere with the work and the author.In the translations, the “On the White Castle” section, which is at the end of the work in the source text, is not included. This particular section explains the sources and heroes the author uses in the work, his research, the writing stages, etc. It essentially provides information about the book’s foundation. Therefore, the Russian reader who is unaware of this chapter is deprived of its content and cannot recognize the author’s life traces and the shadows of the heroes who influenced the author.Both translators have produced a translation that meets Russian language norms. Considering the generation gap between the two translators and the transition from an aesthetic translation language to a simple translation language, M. Sharov decided on retranslating the work after V. B. Fyonova’s translation. When an award-winning and successful author’s work is translated, the publishing house in the target language ensures a commercial return. Commercial concerns may be at the root of the two translators’ decision to choose Nobel Prize winner Orhan Pamuk and translate his works into Russian.

Russian Translations of Orhan Pamuk’s Beyaz Kale in The Context of the Paratext–translation Relation

Özlem

Res. Assist.

The prevalence of audio-visual products worldwide and the recent advances in audio-visual media have elevated the media sector into a more influential ideological sphere. Notedly with certain approaches including transnationalism and multiculturalism, the sector has expanded its ability to bring forward the most disputatious subjects enterprisingly without restrictions. This liberated ground has influenced the production of films and series so profoundly that they are observed to adopt controversial themes and feature characters designed studiously to symbolize particular ideas and identities. By addressing recent notions such as ethnicity, class, and gender, there has been a basis for an activist space for films and series, which renders it possible for the ideas to pervade vast geographic areas. Since the globalization of media products depends on audio-visual translation (AVT) practices, these continual developments inevitably lead to the reconsideration of translation strategies in the field.It has been an extended period of time since translation studies embodied activism, most especially owing to feminist and queer translation approaches. This gender-sensitive text handling mainly started with literary translation and subsequently spread into other special fields in translation, including AVT. As a rising area of research, gender in AVT increases awareness of language use and the representation of gender through language in media. Given its strong interconnections with other subjects of research, gender studies calls up further discussions on a vast number of concepts such as identity, which is the main concern of this study. Holding a direct relationship with gender, the question of identity involves many other components like nationality, language, and religion. From this point on, this study addresses a type of identity made up of numerous components, which is referred to as multiple identity.To exemplify the notion of multiple identities, the study will focus on the American series Sense8 streamed on Netflix. The series tells the story of eight main characters with different nationalities, mother tongues, occupations, genders, and sexual orientations. The multiple identities created both for each main character and for their cluster, endow the series with a transnational viewpoint. Besides, its emphasis on the gender and sexual orientations of the characters - as well as the feminist and queer ideas highlighted through the series- makes the series one of the most striking representatives of activist productions in the media. In this way, it poses questions regarding the transfer of these multiple identities through translation and the potential translation strategies.In search of these strategies that are currently used and/or can be used, this study embraces a critical standpoint to analyze the two most common types of audio-visual translation: subtitling and dubbing. Drawing on this comparative analysis, the study intends to clarify the literature on the multidimensional interpretation of identity in Sense8 and its transfer through translation. For this purpose, the multiple identities in the series are categorized under three categories that are examined separately: linguistic, social, and sexual. Depending on these categorizations, the translation of the identities into Turkish is evaluated according to the provided theoretical framework on the intersectionality of translation, gender, and identity.&nbsp;Furthermore, in view of the activist nature of the series, the study seeks to explain the socio-political background of the series to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the dubbing and subtitling. On the ground that the activist thoughts and messages emplaced in the dialogues of the main characters indicate character developments and their constant conflicts with society and themselves, the identification and transfer of the activism in the series becomes significant. Accordingly, the dubbing and subtitling will also be assessed from an activist perspective in order to interpret the representation of the ideology of the series and estimate the perception of ideological messages by the target audience.&nbsp;

Beyond the Borders of Gender and Language: Transferring Multiple Identities in the Turkish Translation of Sense8

Ayşe

Fatma

Assist. Prof.

Intersemiotic Translation and Film Adaptation: The Case Of The Da Vinci Code Novel By Dan Brown

İrem

The Retranslation of Intertextuality: Paul Auster’s New York Trilogy

Kübra

Lecturer

Halise

The Power of Children’s Literature in Promoting Environmentalism: an Ecocritical Analysis of The Lorax and its Turkish Translation

Ceyda

Betrayed by Nihal Yeğinobalı: Examining Manuel Puig in Turkish Through the Lens of Berman

Ebru

Is Shrek Still Funny in Turkish? An Analysis of The Strategies Employed During The Turkish Dubbing Translation of Humor in The Animated Film Shrek

Aiqing

Translator Studies on Sidney Shapiro: A Case Study of Registration

Cemal

Retranslation in Terms of Film and TV Adaptations: Case of Sherlock Holmes

Yelda

Saskia

The roots of the hermeneutic theory of explanation, interpretation, and translation can be traced back to antiquity. Hermeneutics has occupied an important place over many disciplines of the humanities, including translation studies. Due to the pre-scientific hermeneutical approaches having been developed in the 16𝑡 ℎ and 19𝑡 ℎ centuries in particular, the approaches from Luther to Schleiermacher are decisive for this study. Its aim is to consider the approaches constructively in more detail in order to clarify the overlaps and similarities based on the diachronic development, as the different approaches can be assumed to have not developed independently of each other.This paper will consider the different approaches to hermeneutics from Luther to Schleiermacher with regard to overlaps and similarities in relation to the interconnection of the hermeneutic terms of understand, interpret, and translate using various sources. The study will then analyze these in detail and compile them.In the 16th century when hermeneutics was founded theologically, Luther is seen to have provided important linguistic aspects for the development of hermeneutics in addition to his pneumatic approach, while Flacius having compiled the existing rules in a textbook. The aim in this was to provide readers with grammatical, linguistic, and methodological knowledge so as to be able to understand the Bible legitimately on their own.In the 17𝑡 ℎ century, Dannhauer lifted hermeneutics out of the theological environment and tried to construct hermeneutics on a scientific basis across texts and disciplines, as he viewed a uniform teaching to be sufficient for the art of understanding rather than having different procedures for different types of text. Well over 100 years later, Schleiermacher tried to generalize hermeneutics by abstracting it from the boundaries of written objects and trying to systematize it to understand language in general. Schleiermacher’s aim evidently was to understand understanding. In this context, he found a three-fold gradation of understanding that was initially based on the contextual level of the language. In his further studies, he then developed a concept of understanding that on one hand related to the language and on the other hand to the author and the external circumstances in which the language operates. Based on this development, one can deduce that every previous hermeneutic approach had given further impetus to the next approach.Luther and Schleiermacher are relevant name not only hermeneutically, but also in terms of translation studies. Therefore, this paper also analyzes the translation-oriented approaches of Luther and Schleiermacher against the background of their hermeneutic approaches in order to determine the extent to which the hermeneutic and translationoriented approaches interact.In this context, it is possible to say about Luther and Schleiermacher that despite the different epochs and approaches became clear that they both separate the process of understanding from the process of translation. No translation process can begin without first analyzing and understanding the spoken utterance. This also means that the translation process (the second phase) is linked to the understanding process (the first phase) in such a way that the individual actions ultimately complement each other causally. One of the things to note about Schleiermacher’s translation work was that all aspects necessary for understanding should be applied in reverse to the translation process in order to be able to correctly transmit the source text and allow for a complex overall understanding. This interplay should explain why the term hermeneutics includes all actions such as understanding, interpreting, and translating and why hermeneutics has taken its place in translation studies. Accordingly, having a future study uncover the extent to which this hermeneutic development and its nexus have continued into modern times, as well as what influence this has had on translation studies, would be interesting.Der ganze Begriff des Götterboten Hermes bildet ja nur ab, dass vielleicht der andere Mensch für jeden, selbst ein nächster Mensch, ebenso schwer und unbegreiflich ist wie in der griechischen Mythologie der Wille der Götter für die Sterblichen. . . (Interview Hans-Georg Gadamer - SRW 1984)

The Development and Nexus of Hermeneutics in Relation to Translation-Oriented Thinking in the Period from Luther to Schleiermacher

Özgür

The population exchange between Türkiye and Greece in 1924 led to the forced migration of 1.5 million people on both sides of the Aegean. Due to the exchange agreement’s basis on religion, it also included Anatolia’s Turkishspeaking Orthodox Christian population known as the Karamanli (or Karamanlides), who had produced literary works within the Anatolian cultural repertoire for centuries. The Karamanli language involves Turkish written in the Greek alphabet with special characters also attributed to it. The Karamanli migrants became refugees in Greece after 1924, sent to lands hitherto unknown to them. During the migration process, they not only carried their personal belongings but also their religious and literary texts. Despite the difficulties they had integrating into their new country during the first years of settlement, the Turkish-speaking Karamanli migrants managed to continue the literary tradition they had in Greece. In this regard, the Karamanli literature can be classified under the category of migrant literature as it shares certain characteristics with the literary works produced by third-generation migrants, as seen in other examples elsewhere. Research on the Karamanli people has recently focused on bibliographic compilations and historical studies, with hardly any studies found focusing on the Karamanli literature through the lens of translation studies.Having been greatly motivated by the author’s personal experiences in the translation of first-hand oral testimonies of the Greeks of Sapanca in the Asia Minor Studies Center in Athens, the present study begins based on the following research question: How can translation and migration relationality be read in the context of migration literature? Transnational “micro-cosmopolitan” approaches, being open to diversity and allowing for a bottom-up analysis of translations (Cronin, 2006, pp.7-23), can provide a more objective analysis of diasporic literature. In this regard, translation studies can significantly contribute to preserving an original ethnolinguistic tradition such as that of the Karamanli and transferring it to future generations regardless of national borders.The publication of English translations and Turkish transcriptions of Karamanli poems in 2016 almost a century after their initial publication in Greece has enabled the international circulation of these texts. This article presents the English translation of the book titled Muhacirname, which consists of 25 poems selected from the newspaper Prosfigiki Foni (Muhacir Sedası), which was published bilingually in Greek and Karamanli in Athens between 1924-1927, along with its paratext (i.e., preface, notes, newspaper articles about the book, interviews with translators) and examined these in terms of translation norms. This study draws on Toury’s (2004) descriptive approach, which has exposed researchers to new perspectives on translation studies by introducing concepts such as initial translation norms, translator decisions, and operational norms, thus enabling them to question whether or not the translations had been carried out with a set purpose.After examining the English translations of the selected poems, which had been translated by two different translators, the translators’ choice of subscribing to the norms of the source text can be said to indicate the poems to be adequate renditions of the source text. In doing so, the translators and editors of the book endeavored to highlight the specificity of Karamanli’s linguistic features. In terms of operational forms, the one translator’s additions to the target text and both translators’ remarks reveal the challenges posed by poetry translation.Of prime importance in our findings is that, in terms of operational norms, the textual linguistic norms had manifested themselves in the form of culture-bound lexical items. The poets themselves, being first-generation migrants, borrowed culturally-bound lexical items from the Greek language as a result of acculturation while also maintaining the core&nbsp;elements of Anatolian folk poetry. In Muhacirname, the translators are realized to have preferred preserving these elements in the English translations. Although this study could not elucidate the exact reasons behind this translation project, it does confirm that publishing houses function as mediators in eliminating the indirect translation processes involving literary texts written in Greek and Turkish.

Texts Migrate Too: A Descriptive Study of the English Translations of Karamanli Poetry

Beste

Intralingual translation is the retelling of linguistic elements through other elements of the same language. How literary texts that use language as material are presented to readers in different periods shows the development of both language and literature. Examining diachronic intralingual translation practices is important in terms of the course of the literary journey of texts and readers. Felsefe-i Zenan is one of the stories in Ahmet Mithat Efendi’s collection called Letâif-i Rivâyat, which consists of thirty stories and novels published between 1870 and 1894. The work, which was republished as a facsimile and a simplified version by Sel Publishing in 2008, is one of the first texts in Turkish literature to talk about women’s rights and equality between men and women. The aim of this study, in which we examine how this text written in the 19th century was transferred to the 21st century reader in the context of interlingual translation, is to determine how intralingual translation was applied to a two-hundred-year-old text and the effects of this application on literary language.In our study, equivalence, which is one of the main topics of intralingual translation, was preferred as the method. How the transcriber made changes while translating the target supralexical structures, morphosyntactic structures and syntactic elements in the source text into the target text and their equivalents in today’s readers were discussed and evaluated within the scope of equivalence. Here, various studies on intralingual translation and equivalence were used as sources. During the intralingual translation of the work titled Felsefe-i Zenan, it was observed that many syntactic, morpheme and lexical changes were made while remaining faithful to the semantic and subject integrity of the text. In the text examined, examples of the words that the narrator changed in the context of his effort to simplify the language of the text were examined under the heading of "Lexical Equivalence" and it was seen that he preferred to use words of Turkish origin instead of many Arabic and Persian words. For this reason, most examples are given under the heading of lexical equivalence. Lexical changes allow the reader to follow the plot of the story more easily and quickly with the words he knows. The changes made by the transcriber on the syntax of the text were mostly detected in Arabic and Persian phrases. In addition, it was observed that the transmitter took the initiative in interlingual translation by dividing some sequential sentences built with adverbial structure and writing them into simple sentences. It has been observed that the narrator mostly makes the changes in the transfer of morphemes in order to present a familiar sentence to the reader, and for this purpose, the transmitter prefers to present paragraphs consisting of long sentences to the reader in more than one sentence by changing some adverb-verb structures. In addition to replacing some foreign-origin words with Turkish-derived suffixes, examples have also been found where he replaced Turkish-origin morphemes with current ones. Finally, under the title of "Textual Equivalence", it was examined whether the translator applied an intralingual translation method in the integrity of the subject and meaning of the text, and in this context, it was determined that there was no intervention in the source text. In addition to the quotations made in the target text, it has been observed that the narrator preserves some structures that he thinks are known to the new reader, are still used in daily language, or that he believes would lead to a weakening of meaning if changed. Accordingly, the transmitter; It can be said that it aims to present an understandable text to today’s readers with the structures they know and recognize in the living Turkish language used. As a result of the study, it was seen that Felsefe-i Zenan, one of the successful and remarkable examples of intralingual translation in Turkish, met with the reader again by preserving its semantic integrity with the accurate choices of the transmitter, in addition to the changes it underwent in terms of vocabulary.

Evaluation of The Simplified Text of Ahmet Mithat Efendi’s Work “Felsefe-i Zenan” In The Context of Intra-Linguistic Translation

Ercan

An Analysis of Culture-Specific Items in the Turkish Translation of Shakespeare’s As You Like It by Halide Edip Adıvar and Vahit Turhan

Güldane

In an age of information overload and of the explosion of technological advancement, the access, usage, evaluation, and transmission of information have, of necessity, become important issues. In this sense, information literacy and information fluency, which can be explained as the basic competencies of knowing how to reach information and use it in the most efficient way to solve problems, are required both in personal and professional lives. Although both concepts are often used interchangeably, information fluency can be considered as an upper concept covering information literacy, critical thinking, and the competencies of using information technologies. Therefore, digital literacy, the ability to use both information and communication technologies, is regarded an important component of information fluency. Also, the incessant and mass production of information forces individuals to follow the most recent and decent information, making lifelong learning a must.&nbsp;The rapid flow of information and easy access thanks to digital developments make it difficult, even confusing, to select the correct and reliable information to make sound decisions. Therefore, these two concepts have become crucial issues to be addressed in academia. Third Generation Universities, the new higher education model whose main objectives are to raise experts and entrepreneurs who can produce knowledge and value, and carry out interdisciplinary work, attach great importance to providing students with these two competencies. Accordingly, while building and reviewing their curricula, departments now include courses which aim to develop information literacy and information fluency.Within this frame, incorporating courses which introduce information fluency competence into the curricula of translation and interpreting programs is essential to keep up with the requirements of the new understanding of higher education, the basics of which are also defined in the Bologna Process. At this point, in addition to courses providing the academic knowledge peculiar to the relevant field, courses which provide research, inquiry, critical and relational thinking emerge as a necessity for gaining the targeted learning competence. They are also essential both for building the necessary infrastructure to produce knowledge and for developing the ability to use academic knowledge in practice effectively. In translation and interpreting programs, the courses that we call ‘complementary courses’ are planned to provide research, reading, questioning and critical thinking, which are necessary competencies to develop information fluency. From the point of view of academic translation education, the skills mentioned above support ‘translation competence’ which is a multi-layered set of skills.The aim of this study is to reveal the contribution of complementary courses in Translation and Interpreting programs to information fluency as a learning competence and translation competence. Current Developments and English Language and Cultural Competence courses serve as a model for complementary courses in Translation and Interpreting programs. The study analyses the contribution of the ‘Current Developments’ and ‘English Language and Culture Competence’ courses in the curriculum of Manisa Celal Bayar University, Department of English Translation and Interpreting, to the development of information fluency and translation competence.&nbsp;The study consists of the definition and application contents of the above-mentioned courses. In the analysis, first, learning competence was discussed within the framework of information literacy and information fluency in relation to translation competence. The function of the courses in the curriculum was evaluated within these competencies. Then, within the scope of the corpus, the definitions of the courses and their application contents were explained. In this direction, their achievements and their functions in the curriculum were evaluated in the context of contributing to learning competence, particularly to information fluency and translation competence.At the end of the study, we reached the conclusion that complementary courses improve students’ learning competence and support the development of translation competence, which the students need in their professional careers.&nbsp;

A Study on The Role of Complementary Courses in Translation and Interpreting Programs in Gaining Learning Competence

Özge

Dilek

Erdoğan

Prof. Dr.

Language, which represents the most basic means of communication, is the main carrier of a culture as well. One of the best ways to transfer the culture of any language to other societies is through the translation process. Enjoying a history almost as established as human history, the phenomenon of translation is at the heart of socio-cultural, economic, and scientific fields of action that all societies, without exception, attach importance to, especially in today’s global world. More specifically, for Turkey, the first steps of scientific research in this field were taken with the opening of translation departments in universities starting from the first half of the 1980s. However, academic research has gained momentum only after the second half of the 1990s, when academic performance was more valued in universities. Systematic quantitative and qualitative assessment of scholarly research in the field of translation science, as in all fields of science, at certain intervals is significant for determining any development, changes, and trends in this field. The literature review in Turkish shows that postgraduate theses and dissertations on translation have been evaluated bibliometrically and thematically at different times, that some articles and scientific works published in this field, though in limited numbers, have been also systematically examined. However, there is no study in the field of translation studies, as in all other fields, that focuses on proceedings, which are considered as a type of academic publication. This study aims to fill this gap in the field by conducting a cross-sectional bibliometric and thematic analysis on the proceedings produced in the field of translation over the past 32 years in Turkey (1988-2019) and thus to present a helpful resource for future studies on translation. As this study seeks to analyze the data compiled from various aspects, it draws on a "mixed" pattern which allows using both qualitative and quantitative data. To form the corpus of this study, search was performed on the database of the Higher Education Academic Search with the keyword "translation" entered the search engine, which yielded different publication types, and the category of "proceedings" was selected from among them. Then, 11 scientific fields that may be related to the field of translation were selected in the "main fields" section; 99 sub-scientific fields (departments) within these main fields were selected to determine the scope of the corpus through such filtering. In doing so, an initial number of 1448 proceedings were identified, but certain proceedings were not included in the corpus as they were added to the database multiple times by the co-authors, and some were excluded as they were not relevant. Thus, it was assumed that the remaining 895 proceedings were directly related to translation, and the final corpus of the study was formed. Following that, these proceedings were first examined based on different bibliometric data including the year, country, city, type (abstract, full text, poster, oral presentation), scope (national or international) and presentation language. Lastly, this study performed a thematic analysis on the titles of the proceedings and presented the trends of research/studies in this publication type in the field of translation in Turkey over the time period in question. Based on the data obtained from bibliometric analyses, most of the proceedings were presented at congresses and symposiums held across Turkey, and even though some of these organizations were described as "international", they ended up as national. This is also the case for the languages that the proceedings were presented. It is remarkable that although translation has an international nature that directly concerns foreign languages and cultures, almost all of the papers (92 %) are presented in the native language, that is, Turkish. Further, considering the distribution of the proceedings by the reported years, it is remarkable that there has been a significant steady increase in the number of studies, especially in recent years.This can be considered as a promising development for the field. As for the data obtained from the thematic analysis of the titles of the proceedings, this study concludes that almost half of the proceedings (48 %) included translation reviews of written texts, but reviews for interpreting remained very low as 2.2%, which is a striking finding. Apart from all these, it is reasonable that as translation is a branch of science that is closely intertwined with social sciences in particular, research that examine its links with other disciplines equal to about 1/3 (19 %).&nbsp;

A Cross-sectional Review of the Proceedings on Translation in Turkey (1988-2019)

Arsun

Prof.

CALL FOR PAPER

Burcu

“I was subjected to cringe translation”: Digital Social Reading and the Reception of Translated Young Adult Fantasy Fiction

Hasan

Zeynep

Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Information being more accessible through digital networks in the 21st century has enabled ideas to be introduced not only through ideologues and limited news sources but also through new media literates, and this has enabled Karl Marx’s ideas to be rewritten and retranslated by different actors. This article examines four pieces of content the Öncül Analitik Felsefe community has rewritten and retranslated from English to Turkish concerning the concept of alienation as developed by Marx and some relational concepts Marx had emphasized such as colonialism and historical class conflict. Rewriting is one of the concepts this study focuses on and defining it is essential. Rewritings represent all factors related to the formation of the image of an author or a work in the target culture. Whatever the purpose, rewritings reflect a certain ideology and poetics, directing literature to function in a certain way in a society (Lefevere, 2004). Additionally, this research is based theoretically on such translation practices that have arisen around virtual experiences and algorithms as online social translation, online collaborative translation, community translation, and user-derived translation content production. In addition, the study interviewed the founder of the community about the community and analyzed the responses using netnographic analysis methods, which focus on virtual network communities, the users who interact with each other in online environments, and their actions. The Öncül Analitik Felsefe community is an open science community and its rewritings and retranslations of Marx has been undertaken with an understanding derived from the tradition of analytical philosophy as opposed to the Marxist understanding that is dominant in Türkiye and that had derived from the tradition of continental philosophy. This assists in the comparison for understanding both traditions better, because unlike the characteristics of the continental philosophical tradition such as literary expression and a distant stance toward natural sciences, analytic philosophy is based on linguistic, logical, and conceptual analyses that don’t make the literature an actor of philosophy. The analytical philosophical tradition is criticized for ignoring many injustices because it does not have a historical perspective. On the contrary, ideological prejudices and experiences in the continental philosophy tradition may come to the fore. This analytic and rational understanding aims to position Marxism on a more rational basis by pulling it away from the ideological and historical perspective. In light of all this information, the article will question whether the contents can be defined as active and critical by considering the production and consumption conditions of the retranslation. The article will examine the volunteer translators’ motivations, rewriting and retranslation strategies, and ethical stances, as well as whether a relationship can be established between the analytical Marxist approach built around the rewriting and translation of Marx in the mentioned community and democratic values. In order to understand the purposes for which the Öncül Analitik Felsefe community has rewritten and retranslated Marx’s ideas and to analyze the rewriting process of the community, certain results have emerged in light of the concepts highlighted within the scope of the study. The study has determined in detail the characteristics of the examined retranslation practices examined based on Anthony Pym and Yanjie Li’s thoughts on retranslation. The study has revealed that retranslating using digital networks enables the retranslation practice to be more accessible to the masses by establishing a dialogue between the reader and the translator thanks to the accessibility of the data that comes with open science, especially for a community that produces and circulates open science content such as the Öncül Analitik Felsefe community. In addition, this study has aimed to contribute to the expansion and diversification of the definition and application areas of the concept of rewriting through digital networks.&nbsp;

A Spectre Is Haunting Digital Network: Rewriting Of Karl Marx By Volunteer Translators

Erdinç

Literary translation is a type of translation that has its own characteristics among specialized types of translations. While other fields use a one-to-one translation strategy, literary translation utilizes many different strategies. Therefore, while terms play an important role in other fields, formal and stylistic features of the language come to the fore alongside terms in the translation of literary texts. This is because in addition to transferring the grammatical features of the source language into the target language, eliciting the desired emotional state in the reader is also part of the requirements. This is only possible by effectively reflecting the formal and stylistic features of that language into the target language.&nbsp;In literary translation, however, sometimes the translator adopts a free translation approach by completely breaking away from the text. A translator’s ability to act freely and confidently is directly related to the tools they have, and a translator with sufficient tools will be able to successfully make the necessary intervention in the text. In addition, translators who will make literary translations must first have a strong command of both the source language and culture as well as the target language and culture. Translators must also have artistic skills, because for a translation to be successful and functional, the emotional states and artistic effects of the source text must be revealed to the reader of the target text. This is only possible with artistic skill.Nowadays, translators can carry out the translation process faster and more effectively by resorting to the opportunities offered by technology. The most popular of these new technologies are artificial intelligence (AI)-supported translation tools (AISTTs). While these tools have been used successfully in translations from different fields of expertise, their success in translating literary texts has been a matter of debate. The fact that literary translation has a versatile feature has led to the perception that high quality translation in this field can only be achieved by human translators. However, although a high-quality translation cannot currently be achieved with these tools in the field of literary translation, these tools are seen to be able to be used in the literary translation process with the final editing of the work.In addition, the translation quality of AISTTs doesn’t only depend on text type. Factors such as the amount of data they contain, the frequency of use of the translated language pair, and the structural features of the languages affect the translation success of these systems. Although the success of these tools in literary translation is a matter of debate, the fact that these tools can be used effectively in the literary translation process should not be ignored. This study examines the proficiency of AISTTs in literary translation by comparing them with each other and with human translators. For this purpose, the translations of Albert Camus’s (1942) The Stranger (L’Ètranger) into Turkish by three different translators were used as an example of a literary text type, with Google Translate, DeepL, and ChatGPT being preferred as examples of AISTTs.&nbsp;Camus’s novel The Stranger was published in 1942 and made a big impact on the literary world. The Stranger took its place in the literary world as one of the pioneering works of existential philosophy and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1957. It maintains its place among the most read works today. Reflecting the influence and traces of the pessimistic and hopeless environment of World War II in his works, Camus essentially searched for ways people could survive even in the most difficult and hopeless of times. As a matter of fact, in Camus’ novel The Stranger, Meursault as the hero of the novel who does not learn from the absurdity and meaninglessness of human life and who draws attention with his carelessness and indifference towards life finds himself one step at a time, first through his indifference to his mother’s death and then through the murder he unexpectedly committed in Algeria. The story is about being indifferent to the process that leads to death.AISTTs, also called machine translation, are tools that allow automatic translation without human intervention. Because some of these tools are used with different models, they are considered in this text as AI-supported translation tools in their broader sense rather than as a machine translation. Although the history of these tools dates back to the period when computers emerged after World War II, they have caught eyes and even begun to attract great attention in recent years, with the neural machine translation method they use providing a visible improvement in translation quality

A Comparative Study on the Competencies of Ai-supported Translation Tools in Literary Translation

Özden

Challenges and Opportunities in Telephone Interpreting: A Study on The Perspectives of Interpreters

Barış

The Role of Critical Discourse Analysis in Translation: A Case of the Political Speech

Atalay

Assoc. Prof.

Political Dynamics of Transfer: Said’s Islamist Orientalism (1982)

Melek

Öğretim Görevlisi

Lale

Turkish has been written in different alphabets throughout history, and the Armenian alphabet has been one of these (Tekin, 1997, p. 7). Some explanations are found as to why this alphabet was used; however, the common aspect among these explanations is that it was due to the presence of Armenians who either did not know or knew a little Armenian but spoke Turkish.Turkish readers encountered the novel genre for the first time through translation. Being introduced to a new literary genre that was completely alien to the society brought along some restrictions regarding translation activities. The Turkish translators and/or the publishers of Tanzimat Period in the 19th century can be said to have been cautious when choosing the text type or authors to be translated. When selecting a text for translation, morality was one of the leading translation norms and played an important role in which works were translated from Western literature to Ottoman Turkish.The relationship between novels and morality was observed being discussed in most 19th-century Ottoman newspapers and magazines. Novels were assigned a moral function under the condition that they are to conform to the society’s existing moral values (Andı, 2018, p. 53).The same translation approach was observable in the translations from Western and European literature to Armeno Turkish. The Armenian translators and publishers acted no differently from their contemporaries while choosing texts for translation, as morality was also one of the leading norms for the Armenian translators and publishers.This study has chosen for its research the prefaces as of 10 Armeno-Turkish novel translations between 1850-1900 as paratext in order to verify the correctness of the statement and analyzed these in terms of Gideon Toury’s (2012) preliminary norms. These novels are Don Kişot [Don Quixote], Hikaye-i Robenson [Robinson Crusoe], Etmekçi Ğatun [La Porteuse de pain/The Bread Peddler], Cinayet Mahsuli [Le Parricide], Paris Sevdaleri [Les amours de Paris], Bikes Yağod Familyadan Mahrumiyet [Sans Famille], Güzel Anjel Yağod Leona [Beautiful Angel or Leona], Seksen Günde Devr-i Alem [Around the World in 80 Days], Gençlere Hediye [A Gift to Young People], and Zevceyne Hediye [Letters to Young People, Single and Married]. The names of the titles are written as they appeared on the covers of the Armeno-Turkish translations. The translators and also publishers mentioned morality in the prefaces of these works, indicating how their selection of the text for translation had been influenced by the moral standards of the society in which they lived. To exemplify how the concept of morality was an important issue that had to be taken into account in novel translations, the article provides citations referencing morality, highlighting themes form these prefaces such as growing up with moral values, teaching morality through novels, preservation of one’s morality, and enhancement of morality.Some conclusions that can be drawn from the research is that the translation strategies and approaches of the Armenian translators and publishers were quite similar to the understanding that occurred in Ottoman translation activities in terms of morality; the Armenian translators and publishers were not disconnected from the 19th-century Ottoman translation approaches and strategies but rather acted as agents adhering to the needs of the period in question. Thus, an interaction can be said to have existed between Armenian and Turkish translators in the context of this study, one which Saliha Paker also mentioned in her article “Translated European Literature in the Late Ottoman Polysystem” (1987).&nbsp;This research has been performed within a limited context over prefaces as paratext. However, due to the scarce amount of research on Armeno-Turkish novel translations in the field of translation studies, this research believes that the field remains largely unexplored and that the amount of research should increase gradually. However, the study is also of the opinion that this limited article already demonstrates how Armeno-Turkish novel translations from European literature had contributed significantly to translation activities during the Tanzimat period, and this study is believed to be able to pave the way for further research on the textual dimension.

Morality in the Translation of Armeno-Turkish Novels

Yeşim

In today’s world, the traditional notion of childhood that used to regard children as miniature adults gave rise to the modern notion of childhood. Therefore, it has been accepted that children differ from adults in terms of their developmental features, world knowledge, skills, and expectations. When children started to be addressed as a subject instead of an object, children’s literature and art for children came up. Moreover, a need for making theatre for children emerged, and children’s theatres were founded (Akyüz, 2019, s. 1164).Theatre plays written for children differ from those written for adults in terms of text structure and language, characters, content, and length. Clarity and plainness in language and content should not mean simplicity. As the principles “suitability for children” and “children’s reality” (Şirin, 2016, p. 24) show, it is significant to use rich and poetic language that improves children’s language development and is not above their reception level in accordance with their developmental features. Besides, as children cannot sit still for a long time as adults can, theatre plays that are shorter, full of movement and action and written with good rhythm and flow will engage their attention.Children’s theatre translation means translating/adapting plays written for children or adults in the source language into the target language for children. As there is a large research gap in this area in both foreign and domestic literature, accepting children’s theatre translation as a specific type of translation and determining its requirements and features would contribute to translation studies.This study includes a children’s theatre play, Bir Yaz Masalı, adapted from A Midsummer Night’s Dream by Shakespeare, the preface written by the translator to the book of the play (2021), and an online interview conducted with the translator herself. The children’s play is analysed in accordance with the steps of translation criticism established in the light of Skopos theory by Hans J. Vermeer (Tellioğlu, 1996). These are the steps used in evaluating the data and reorganised when needed; “(1) the determination of the function of the translated text, (2) the determination of intra-textual coherency of the translated text, (3) the determination of the intra-textual coherency of the original text and (4) the determination of the intertextual coherency of the translated text and the original text” (Tellioğlu, 1996, p. 51-53).In the first step of translation criticism, it is stated that the translator adapted Shakespeare’s play for Turkish children with the purpose of introducing Shakespeare and a classic theatre play to them so that they become familiar with a great English writer and his play, enriching their language via poetic and rich language full of proverbs, idioms, rhymes, lyrics and songs and paving the way for them to turn into selective theatre goers in the future. In the second step, the play is evaluated in terms of its text and language structure, characters, and themes. As a result of this analysis, it is found that the dialogues produce rhyme and movement to engage children’s attention, the language is full of proverbs, idioms, rhymes and lyrics similar to Shakespearean poetic and figurative language, proper names are translated with domestication strategy in a way names point out the characteristics of the characters and the major themes of the original play are kept but changed to some extent taking children’s reception level, inner world and cultural differences into account. In the third step, as the ultimate goal of the study is to evaluate and describe children’s theatre plays and their features and requirements, English play is not analysed but the language of Shakespeare’s plays is described generally and briefly. In the last step of translation criticism, it is determined that the skopos of the children’s play differs from the skopos of the original play, as children’s play is written first for children, which entails different translation strategies and attitudes compared to the plays written for adults.In short, it can be put forward that Emel Bala, a theatre practitioner and translator, creates rich and poetic language in a nondidactic way leading to movement and contributing to children’s language development and follows the principles “suitability for children” and “children’s reality” (Şirin, 2016) both in language and content of the play with also an aesthetic concern. The function of the original play changes when it is adapted or translated for a different target group, in our case, for children. The ultimate goal of this translation or adaptation process is to create a play that both works on stage and on page firstly for children who exhibit various developmental features and have different inner world and world knowledge compared to adults. We put forward that this article will contribute to the field of children’s theatre translation and inspire further research in this field.&nbsp;

An Example of Translation Criticism considering Skopos Theory: Adaptation of W. Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream into a Children’s Theatre Play Bir Yaz Masalı

Sanaz

Mohammad

Bridging Cultures through Verse: Shakespearean Sonnets’ Persian Translations Through the Lens of Vinay-Darbelnet’s Model

Sinem

This study focuses on the novel Lady Who by Joan Kim Erkan and its Turkish translation of Kim Bu by Zeynep Avcı. Joan Kim Erkan is a Welsh woman who narrates the last sixty years of Turkey in her novel by blending her personal experiences and stories with the cities of Istanbul and Aydın as background settings. Zeynep Avcı is a well-known translator and author herself, having translated different works.&nbsp;What is interesting about the corpus is that the same publisher published both Turkish and English versions of the work at the same time. Although Lady Who (the English version) was produced as an original work in English, it was analysed as a translation referring to the concept of “watermark translation” launched by Sündüz Öztürk Kasar. The concept refers to a product produced as a result of a mental translation process. The work can be an original text written directly in the native language of the context in which it was published; however, this language is not actually the original language of the context presented in the work. Erkan, a British who came to Turkey after marrying a Turkish man, has actually translated Turkish culture into her native language, English. Thus, her novel goes from the context of abroad to the context of home, where she wants to recount the realities of a foreign culture to those sharing the same language and culture as herself. In addition, the translation of this work into Turkish by Zeynep Avcı is much more interesting, and its process is different from other literary translations, since this Turkish translation can be analysed as a return to its original culture. Thus, Kim Bu, the Turkish version, was examined in line with the concept of "retro-translation" again proposed by Öztürk Kasar.Considering the characteristics of watermark translation, the cultural features inherent in source and target texts have been comparatively analysed under the headings of proper names, forms of address, idioms and phrases, historical features, religious features, and cultural features related to food, social life, traditions, and customs. How the author (the watermark translator) conveys these elements of Turkish culture to the English reader, and thus how the work is positioned as a translation, as well as the characteristics of its Turkish retro-translation, are examined with a descriptive approach.In the analysis, after briefly describing the author (watermark translator) and the translator, the concepts of watermark translation and retro-translation are explained in detail in order to contextualise the study. The studies in which these concepts are discussed are briefly listed, and reflections on these concepts in our corpus are provided.&nbsp;Secondly, the cultural features are categorised, referring to other research focused on watermark translation. These sub-categories include proper names, forms of address, idioms and phrases, historical features, religious features and cultural features related to food, social life, traditions and customs. These are comparatively examined in the English and Turkish versions of the novel. Because of space constraints, the study selected the most representative examples out of the entire corpus.&nbsp;After this comparative analysis, the findings related to the concept of watermark translation and retro-translation are presented. Finally, a general conclusion is presented by evaluating the findings. Ultimately, it is concluded that the author-translator’s mental translation can be observed in the Turkish version of the novel in terms of borrowed Turkish words, their explanations, additions, and footnotes, while deletions of these features in the English version underline the characteristics of a retro-translation. Thus, once more, it becomes clear that the enlarged meaning of translation encompasses numerous distinct facets.

Kim Bu: A Study of Joan Kim Erkan’s Novel Lady Who as a Watermark Translation and its Retro-translation into Turkish

Eshabil

Deniz Dilşad

The objective of this study is to examine the translations of Italian literary work titles into Ottoman Turkish as presented in the book entitled “İtalyan Tarih-i Edebiyatı” (History of Italian Literature), which stands as the first documenting the history of Italian literature within Turkish cultural and literary discourse. Karakartal and Arslan translated the Ottoman Turkish text originally penned in Arabic script into Latin script, culminating in its publication in 2012. Within this literary inquiry, M. Rauf divideded Italian literature into four distinct periods. Additionally, he provides insights into select poets and authors whom he deems significant, often presenting translated excerpts of their compositions in Ottoman Turkish, occasionally merely referencing authors’ names and their respective works.The theoretical framework for this article is outlined by the “preliminary norms” of Gideon Toury, who argued that translation, of any type, is a norm-driven activity and states that the determining factor for the equivalence relationship between the target text and the source text is translation norms. He argued that these norms apply to every stage of the translation process. By categorising norms into two groups -“preliminary norms” and “operational norms”- the translation scholar also discusses the concept of “initial norms” as an “explanatory tool.” Through this concept, Toury asserts the possibility of explaining the dichotomy between adequacy and acceptability and highlights the fact that it is possible to establish a general preference concerning the path followed in translation and that “implemented translation decisions” are established by a mixture of the extremes of adequacy and acceptability indicated by the preliminary norms, or decisions that reach a compromise between these extremes as a result of the current situation. According to Toury, the translation policy involves the selection of types of texts to be imported into a specific culture or language at a given time, including the selection of individual texts. “Preliminary norms” comprise two interconnected groups: those related to the nature and existence of a translation policy, and those related to the directness of translation. Directness refers to the choice to translate into the target language through an intermediate language or directly from the original source language. Another normative complex consists of the “norms of the translation process”, which Toury defined as the rules that guide decisions made during the act of translation. These norms guide the dynamics of change and invariability between the source text and the target text. This concept is further divided into the two categories called “matricial norms” and “textual-linguistic norms”. According to Toury, matrix norms influence the presence, position in the text, and segmentation of material in the target language, which replaces material in the source language.With the use of this methodological approach in this contribution, we intend to comprehensively and accurately analyse the translations and/or adaptations into Ottoman Turkish of the titles of Italian literary works found in the book “İtalyan Tarih-i Edebiyatı” by M. Rauf, thus providing a significant perspective on the reception and understanding of Italian literature in the Ottoman Turkish cultural universe of the period.In this article, M. Rauf’s Arabic script text was considered as the target text, and when necessary, Karakartal’s other works were also consulted. In this article, it was decided to use the original text in Arabic characters, and not Karakartal and Arslan’s transliteration, as the main source because it represents the true reference text for the analysis of the translation of the titles of the works and the anthologized texts. Names written in Arabic characters in the original text are highlighted in bold, those in Latin characters are in italics, and titles of works for which only the Turkish translation is provided without indicating the Italian version are presented in square brackets ([...]). The authors’ names of the studies that were not mentioned have not been included. The names of the works given in the target text are given in the order in which they appear in M. Rauf’s work. At the end of his work, M. Rauf indicated his sources in the “me’hazlarımız” (bibliography) and listed the reference materials used in the preparation of his work. Among the sources used, some were in English, some in French, and some in Italian. Accordingly, regarding the question of directness, taking into consideration the languages of the sources that the author/translator listed and turned to in the preparation of his work, it can be seen that both French and English were used as intermediate languages, in addition to Italian as the main language. The use of the intermediate language is evident not only in the reference documents the author/translator referred to but also in the examples detailed and examined in the analysis section of this paper.

An Investigation into the Horizon of “Preliminary Norms in Translation”: Denominations of Works in Italian to Ottoman Turkish in M. Rauf’s “İtalyan Tarih-i Edebiyatı” (History of Italian Literature)

@JOURNAL_BOX_CURRENT

@JOURNAL_BOX_EARLYVIEW

Hossein

Armin

Amir

TRANSLATION CREATIVITY: ANALYZING THE DEGREE OF USING CREATIVE STRATEGIES IN TRANSLATING IRANIAN TOURISM WEBSITES AND BROCHURES

@JOURNAL_BOX_FEATURED

ON THE ACQUISITION OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN TRANSLATOR TRAINING

@JOURNAL_BOX_MOSTREAD

Istanbul University Journal of Translation Studies - İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi, which is the official publication of Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters is an open access, peer-reviewed, multilingual, scholarly and international journal published two times a year in May and November. It was founded in 2001. The print version of the journal has been stopped as of 2022; the publication continues as an electronic only journal.

EBSCO

ERIH PLUS

TR Dizin

DOAJ

SOBIAD

@METRIC_VOLUMES

@METRIC_ISSUES

@METRIC_ARTICLES

@METRIC_OPENACCESS

Istanbul University Journal of Translation Studies

@INFO_TAB_ABOUT

Editor in Chief

Co Editor in Chief

Editorial Assistant

Language Editor

Editorial Advisory Board Member

@INFO_TAB_BOARDS

Harking back to regional translation as a phenomenon which derives from the relations between not only the East and West but also the North and South, it intends to deal with the rich heritage in the light of the contemporary theories of translation studies and thereby enrich the international cultural mosaic of the world by adding to it her own authentic colours. Accordingly, it aims at functioning as a means of transferring knowledge from the rich translation experience of Turkey and her neighbourhood to the international arena instead of importing knowledge from international journals. Considering the current trend of the hegemony of English in international journals as well as the close relationship of “translation” with language and culture, it deliberately prefers to stay away from monolingualism and adopts the policy of multilingualism by making use of such languages as Turkish, English, German and French. Within the framework of its principles, it abides by the main terms of scientificity listed as follows: originality, clarity, systematicity, empricity as well as its potential to address the universal academic environment.The journal mainly covers the areas of Comparative Translation Studies, Translation Theory, Ethics of Translation, Translation Criticism, Translator Training, History of Translation, Professionalism, Information Technologies, Domain-specific Translation and Interdisciplinary Studies on translations.It is also open to translation-oriented studies which deal with comparative cultural and literary studies. The journal includes research articles, review articles, reviews of books and notices of translation activities.

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TR IndexDOAJEBSCO Humanities SourceEBCSO Central &amp; Eastern European Academic SourceSOBİADERIH PLUS

Indexing and Abstracting

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I.U. Journal of Translation Studies is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, to access the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" style="font-size: 10pt;" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a> All parties involved in the publishing process (Editors, Reviewers, Authors and Publisher) are expected to agree on the following ethical principles.All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Each manuscript is reviewed by one of the editors and at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. In accordance with the code of conduct we will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing.

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I.U. Journal of Translation Studies adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.<ul><li>Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.</li><li>The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.</li><li>The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.</li><li>Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.</li><li>Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.</li><li>The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest must be disclosed.</li><li>In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.</li><li>If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.</li><li>In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.</li></ul>

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/3B8341B62E504DCFA05E4F535508091C" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form.</a> The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment.When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication, and must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers, and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by the Editor-in-Chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.Editor evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international external referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by Editor-in-Chief upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the journal.Referees are obliged to notify within a week if they want to arbitrate. Otherwise, another referee is appointed.The referee must deliver the evaluation report within one month. If the referee fails to submit the report within this period, the referee's duty will end. In this case, another referee is appointed for evaluation.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.- Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?- Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?- Is the problem significant and concisely stated?- Are the methods described comprehensively?- Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?- Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?- Is the language acceptable?Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

LanguageArticles in Turkish, English, German and French are published. Submitted manuscript must include an abstract both in the article language and in English, and an extended abstract in English as well. However extended abstract in English is not required for articles in English.Manuscript Organization and SubmissionAll correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified. Manuscpript is to be submitted online via <a href="http://dergipark.gov.tr/login" target="_blank">http://dergipark.gov.tr/login</a> that can be accessed at <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iuceviri" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iuceviri</a> and it must be accompanied by a <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8900E1F36E434F9C972A9F54E8E93688" target="_blank">Title Page</a> specifying the article category (i.e. research article, review etc.) and including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist). Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word 2003 and upper versions. In addition, <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/3B8341B62E504DCFA05E4F535508091C" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a> that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted.1. The manuscripts should be in A4 paper standards: having 2.5 cm margins from right, left, bottom and top, Times New Roman font style in 10 font size and line spacing of 1.5. Due to double blind peer review, the main manuscript document must not include any author information.2. A <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/8900E1F36E434F9C972A9F54E8E93688" target="_blank">title page</a> including author information must be submitted together with the manuscript. The title page is to include fully descriptive title of the manuscript and, affiliation, title, e-mail address, postal address and phone number of the author(s) (see The Submission Checklist).3. Before the introduction part, there should be an abstract between 180 and 200 words in Turkish and English and an extended abstract only in English between 600-800 words, summarizing the scope, the purpose, the results of the study and the methodology used. Underneath the abstracts, five keywords that inform the reader about the content of the study should be specified in Turkish and in English. Extended abstract in English is required only for non-English manuscripts.4. The manuscripts should contain mainly these components: title, abstract and keywords; extended abstract in English, sections, end notes and references.5. Research article sections are ordered as follows: “INTRODUCTION”, “AIM AND METHODOLOGY”, “FINDINGS”, “DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION”, “ENDNOTES” and “REFERENCES” and “TABLES AND FIGURES”. For review and commentary articles, the article should start with the “INTRODUCTION” section where the purpose and the method is mentioned, go on with the other sections; and it should be finished with “DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION” section followed by “ENDNOTES”, “REFERENCES” and “TABLES AND FIGURES”.6. Tables, graphs and figures can be given with a number and a defining title.7. References should be in accordance with <a href="https://apastyle.apa.org/" target="_blank">American Psychological Association (APA) style 6th Edition.</a>8. Authors are responsible for all statements made in their work submitted to the Journal for publication.

Author Guidelines

I.U. Journal of Translation Studies complies with APA (American Psychological Association) style 6th Edition for referencing and quoting. For more information: - American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: APA.- <a href="http://www.apastyle.org" target="_blank">http://www.apastyle.org</a>Accuracy of citation is the author’s responsibility. All references should be cited in text. Reference list must be in alphabetical order. Type references in the style shown below.Citations in the Text Citations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year within the parenthesis. If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;).Samples:More than one citation; (Esin et al., 2002; Karasar, 1995)Citation with one author; (Akyolcu, 2007)Citation with two authors; (Sayıner &amp; Demirci, 2007)Citation with three, four, five authors; First citation in the text: (Ailen, Ciambrune, &amp; Welch, 2000) Subsequent citations in the text: (Ailen et al., 2000)Citations with more than six authors; (Çavdar et al., 2003)Citations in the ReferenceAll the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.Basic Reference TypesBooka) Turkish Book Karasar, N. (1995). Araştırmalarda rapor hazırlama (8th ed.) [Preparing research reports]. Ankara, Turkey: 3A Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd.b) Book Translated into Turkish Mucchielli, A. (1991). Zihniyetler [Mindsets] (A. Kotil, Trans.). İstanbul, Turkey: İletişim Yayınları.c) Edited Book Ören, T., Üney, T., &amp; Çölkesen, R. (Eds.). (2006). Türkiye bilişim ansiklopedisi [Turkish encyclopedia of informatics]. İstanbul, Turkey: Papatya Yayıncılık.d) Turkish Book with Multiple Authors Tonta, Y., Bitirim, Y., &amp; Sever, H. (2002). Türkçe arama motorlarında performans değerlendirme [Performance evaluation in Turkish search engines]. Ankara, Turkey: Total Bilişim.e) Book in English Kamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.f) Chapter in an Edited Book Bassett, C. (2006). Cultural studies and new media. In G. Hall &amp; C. Birchall (Eds.), New cultural studies: Adventures in theory (pp. 220–237). Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.g) Chapter in an Edited Book in Turkish Erkmen, T. (2012). Örgüt kültürü: Fonksiyonları, öğeleri, işletme yönetimi ve liderlikteki önemi [Organization culture: Its functions, elements and importance in leadership and business management]. In M. Zencirkıran (Ed.), Örgüt sosyolojisi [Organization sociology] (pp. 233–263). Bursa, Turkey: Dora Basım Yayın.h) Book with the same organization as author and publisher American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American psychological association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.Articlea) Turkish Article Mutlu, B., &amp; Savaşer, S. (2007). Çocuğu ameliyat sonrası yoğun bakımda olan ebeveynlerde stres nedenleri ve azaltma girişimleri [Source and intervention reduction of stress for parents whose children are in intensive care unit after surgery]. Istanbul University Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 15(60), 179–182.b) English Article de Cillia, R., Reisigl, M., &amp; Wodak, R. (1999). The discursive construction of national identity. Discourse and Society, 10(2), 149–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926599010002002c) Journal Article with DOI and More Than Seven Authors Lal, H., Cunningham, A. L., Godeaux, O., Chlibek, R., Diez-Domingo, J., Hwang, S.-J. ... Heineman, T. C. (2015). Efficacy of an adjuvanted herpes zoster subunit vaccine in older adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 372, 2087–2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1501184d) Journal Article from Web, without DOI Sidani, S. (2003). Enhancing the evaluation of nursing care effectiveness. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 35(3), 26–38. Retrieved from http://cjnr.mcgill.cae) Journal Article wih DOI Turner, S. J. (2010). Website statistics 2.0: Using Google Analytics to measure library website effectiveness. Technical Services Quarterly, 27, 261–278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07317131003765910f) Advance Online Publication Smith, J. A. (2010). Citing advance online publication: A review. Journal of Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a45d7867g) Article in a Magazine Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28–31.Doctoral Dissertation, Master’s Thesis, Presentation, Proceedinga) Dissertation/Thesis from a Commercial Database Van Brunt, D. (1997). Networked consumer health information systems (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 9943436)b) Dissertation/Thesis from an Institutional Database Yaylalı-Yıldız, B. (2014). University campuses as places of potential publicness: Exploring the politicals, social and cultural practices in Ege University (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tr/hizli-erisim/iyte-tez-portalic) Dissertation/Thesis from Web Tonta, Y. A. (1992). An analysis of search failures in online library catalogs (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley). Retrieved from http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~tonta/yayinlar /phd/ickapak.htmld) Dissertation/Thesis abstracted in Dissertations Abstracts International Appelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture amplifica-tion, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.e) Symposium Contribution Krinsky-McHale, S. J., Zigman, W. B., &amp; Silverman, W. (2012, August). Are neuropsychiatric symptoms markers of prodromal Alzheimer’s disease in adults with Down syndrome? In W. B. Zigman (Chair), Predictors of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality in adults with Down syndrome. Symposium conducted at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.f) Conference Paper Abstract Retrieved Online Liu, S. (2005, May). Defending against business crises with the help of intelligent agent based early warning solutions. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Miami, FL. Abstract retrieved from http://www.iceis.org/iceis2005/abstracts_2005.htmg) Conference Paper - In Regularly Published Proceedings and Retrieved Online Herculano-Houzel, S., Collins, C. E., Wong, P., Kaas, J. H., &amp; Lent, R. (2008). The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 12593–12598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805417105h) Proceeding in Book Form Parsons, O. A., Pryzwansky, W. B., Weinstein, D. J., &amp; Wiens, A. N. (1995). Taxonomy for psychology. In J. N. Reich, H. Sands, &amp; A. N. Wiens (Eds.), Education and training beyond the doctoral degree: Proceedings of the American Psychological Association National Conference on Postdoctoral Education and Training in Psychology (pp. 45–50). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.i) Paper Presentation Nguyen, C. A. (2012, August). Humor and deception in advertising: When laughter may not be the best medicine. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Orlando, FL.Other Sourcesa) Newspaper Article Browne, R. (2010, March 21). This brainless patient is no dummy. Sydney Morning Herald, 45.b) Newspaper Article with no Author New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.c) Web Page/Blog Post Bordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/d) Online Encyclopedia/Dictionary Ignition. (1989). In Oxford English online dictionary (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://dictionary.oed. com Marcoux, A. (2008). Business ethics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-business/e) Podcast Dunning, B. (Producer). (2011, January 12). inFact: Conspiracy theories [Video podcast]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com/f) Single Episode in a Television Series Egan, D. (Writer), &amp; Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate. [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive producer), House; New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting.g) Music Fuchs, G. (2004). Light the menorah. On Eight nights of Hanukkah [CD]. Brick, NJ: Kid Kosher.

<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/3B8341B62E504DCFA05E4F535508091C" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/AB91D5F1EA1242639EE030541163F63C" target="_blank">Title page</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/11E84749F11B426897CF2F8887C133EF" target="_blank">Author Form</a>

Ensure that the following items are present: <ul><li>Confirm that the category of the manuscript is specifed.</li><li>Confirm that “the paper is not under consideration for publication in another journal”.</li><li>Confirm that disclosure of any commercial or financial involvement is provided.</li><li>Confirm that last control for fluent English was done.</li><li>Confirm that journal policies detailed in Information for Authors have been reviewed.</li><li>Confirm that the references cited in the text and listed in the references section are in with APA 6th. </li></ul>● <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/3B8341B62E504DCFA05E4F535508091C" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form</a>● Permission of previous published material if used in the present manuscript● <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/7360B6A1F80B45FBBEA252DA217420D8" target="_blank">Title page</a><ul><li>The category of the manuscript</li><li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li><li>All authors’ names and affiliations (institution, faculty/department, city, country), e-mail addresses</li><li>Corresponding author’s email address, full postal address, and phone number</li><li>ORCIDs of all authors.</li><li>Grant support (if exists)</li><li>Conflict of interest (if exists) </li><li>Acknowledgement (if exists)</li></ul>● Main Manuscript Document<ul><li>Important: Please avoid mentioning the the author (s) names in the manuscript</li><li>The title of the manuscript both in the language of the article and in English</li><li>Abstract (180-200 words)</li><li>Key words: 5 words</li><li>Extended abstract in English: 600-800 words (for non-English articles) </li><li>Body text sections</li><li>References</li><li>All tables, illustrations (figures) (including title, explanation, captions)</li></ul>

Issue Type	Regular
Editor(s)	Arsun Uras
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