Necîb el-Kîlânî’nin “Yevmu’l-Ferah/Düğün Günü” Adlı Öyküsüne Dair Bir Tahlil Denemesi
Emine Merve AytekınŞair, yazar ve doktor olarak bir çok hizmet ve faaliyette bulunmuş çok yönlü bir şahsiyet olan Necîb b. ‘Abdu’l-Latîf b. İbrahim el-Kîlânî, Mısır’da İslami edebiyatın öncülerinden sayılmaktadır. Eğitimli bir ailede yetişmiş olan yazar, hem kendi döneminin şahsiyetlerinden olan Necîb Mahfûz (ö. 2006) ve Seyyid Kutub (ö. 1966) gibi şahsiyetlerden hem de Cemâleddîn Afganî (ö. 1897) ve Muhammed İkbal (ö. 1938) gibi şahsiyetlerden etkilenmiştir. Edebî yaşamı boyunca roman, hikâye, tiyatro, şiir ve otobiyografi gibi çeşitli alanlarda edebî ürünler veren el-Kîlanî, kaleme aldığı eserleri yaşadığı dönemin tarihî olaylarıyla harmanlayarak sunmuştur. Bu yüzden eserleri o dönemin anlaşılması açısından önemlidir. 1931- 1995 yılları arasında yaşayan el-Kîlânî, eserlerinde; İslam tarihi ile ilgili olayları, Müslümanların, Hıristiyanların ve Mısır halkının maruz kaldığı zulümleri ve sorunları edebî bir dille tasvir etmiştir. Yüze yakın eseri olan yazarın eserlerinin çoğu ödül almıştır. Çeşitli siyasî sebeplerle tutuklanmış olan el-Kîlânî sanatını toplum için kullanmış, eserlerinde toplumun sıkıntılarını aktarmayı, âdeta sesi olmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu makalede Necîb el-Kîlânî’nin hayatı hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve Mısır halkının sıkıntılarından olan dilencilik, uyuşturucu, zengin-fakir ayrımının oluşturduğu toplumsal uçurum gibi meseleleri ele aldığı ve el-Kîlânî’nin en büyük öykü derlemesi olan ‘İnde’r-Rahîl isimli öykü kitabı içerisinde yer alan Yevmu’l-Ferah/Düğün Günü başlıklı öykünün çeşitli yönlerden tahlili yapılmıştır. Mezkûr öykü, türlü zorluklarla çocuğunu okutan bir babanın mesleği nedeniyle çocuğu tarafından hor görülmesi ve bu durumun çocuğunun düğünü öncesinde ve düğün gününde trajik olaylarla öykülenmesini içermektedir. Öykü çeşitli toplumsal mesajlar vermektedir.
An Attempt to Analysis on Najib al-Kîlânî’s Story “Yawm alFerah/The Day of Wedding"
Emine Merve AytekınDr. Najib Abd al-Latif Ibrahim al-Kîlânî was a poet and writer who provided a diverse range of services and activities. He is considered a pioneer of Islamic literature in Egypt. Dr. Najib al-Kîlâni, whose family were literate, was influenced by Najib Mahfûz (d. 2006) and Sayyed Qutub (d. 1966), as well as people like Jamâleddîn Afghanî (d. 1897) and Mohamad Ikbal (d. 1938). Dr. Najib al-Kîlâni, throughout his literary career, presented examples in various fields, such as in novel, narrative, poetry, autobiography writing, and theater by dealing with the historical events of the his period; therefore, these studies are crucial to understanding that period. Dr. Najib al-Kîlâni lived from 1931 to 1995. Along with rhetorical events on the history of Islam, he described the persecutions, and problems faced by Muslims, Christians, and Egyptians. Dr. Najib al-Kîlâni has received numerous awards for most of his studies, although he had roughly a hundred works. He was arrested for various political reasons but he used his art to benefit society. He aimed to clarify the problems of society and be their voice. Thus, this article contains information about the life of Dr. Najib al-Kîlânî. He dealt with problems, such as begging, drugs, and the social gap created by the rich-poor distinction of the Egyptians. The story entitled Yawm al-Ferah/The Day of Wedding, which is contained in his storybook collection named “İnde’r-Rahîl,” has been analyzed from various aspects. The theme of this narrative is a young man’s wedding day, and this young man feels ashamed of his family’s profession, which motivated him to pursue his education and made him live a life of deceit. The story is also shared in various social messages.
Dr. Najib al-Kîlânî was born on July 1, 1931, in Garbiyye, Egypt. He is the first child of a farmer. He has two brothers and two sisters. His family had a great influence on his personality development and placed a high value on his education. He obtained his religious education at the community school. He memorized several verses from the Qur’an and the hadith-i sharifs. Furthermore, he studied in a modern school and was a bright student who enjoyed reading and writing. He began studying literature at an early age, completed his high school education at Tanta in 1950. He enrolled in Cairo University Faculty of Medicine in 1951; however, he was imprisoned in 1954 for joining the society called al-Ihvânu’l-Muslimîn. After being released from prison in 1960, he completed his medical education. He is a religious person and this feature is reflected in his works. He died in March 1995. In his works, he emphasizes social events through realistic depictions. He drew inspiration from people around him to develop the characters in his works. Since he wrote his works for society, he was concerned about using a general language and style that people could understand. He wrote historical, political, psychological, social, and autobiographical novels. He also wrote short stories, poetry, theater, medical, biographical and autobiographical works. Dr. Najib al-Kîlâni is one of the pioneers of Islamic literature. He married Mrs. Kerime in 1960, and they gave birth to three sons and a daughter. He had a happy marriage and wrote two autobiographical works named Lemehat min Hayâtî and Muzekkirâtu’d-duktûr, where he talked about his life in detail.
The story Yawm al-Ferah/The Day of Wedding is in Dr. Najib al-Kîlâni storybook “İnde’r-Rahîl.” In this story, the wedding day of a young man named Hassan is depicted. The economic situation of Hassan’s family was terrible. His father, Hindâwî, is a shoe shiner. Hindâwî’s desire is for his son to achieve success and live a good life. Hassan and his fiancée (from the Faculty of Literature) love each other and desired to get married. However, the girl’s father is concerned about her socio-economic status. Hence, Hassan wished his family was rich and noble. This situation started disturbing his sleep. He was tired of thinking, so he decided to lie to his fiancee’s family that his parents had died a long time ago. He told his mother about the plan, which did not please her, but she accepted and assured him that his father would not cause any trouble. As a result, Hassan breathed a sigh of relief. Although his parents were sad about the situation, they remained silent. However, on the wedding day, His father couldn’t help himself and wanted to see his son’s joyful day because he had been dreaming of his son’s wedding day since he was a child. He was hiding near the wedding house. As the bride and groom left the house, he could not stand it, so he walked toward them. The guests mistook him for a beggar. He ignored their gazes, all he saw and was concerned about was his son’s happiness. The plot of the story is briefed as follows.
The story has numerous psychological descriptions, which are made simple by editing. However, the story is not simple, it conveys main points, such as socio-economic status does not make individuals superior to one another, parents’ sensitivity to their children, and people should not degrade one another. The third singular narrator is used in the story. The story is dominated by the divine and spectator’s point of view. There are three main characters in the story, namely, Hassan, Hindâwî, and Hassan’s mother. In the story, the event is started in the middle of the story and there is no definite time. The story is depicted indoors and outdoors. It continued on the street as an open space and at home as an indoor space. The language of the story is simple and understandable. The dominant style in the story is dramatic, metaphorical, and analytical. Various narrative techniques are used in the story. These are the narrationshowing, depiction, summarization, flashback, dialog, inner analysis, inner monolog, and stream of consciousness technique. These techniques are explained in detail in the article and are depicted where they are used in the story. In addition, despite the volume of stories, it also contains various literary arts. These arts are simile, tenâsub, tıbâk, allegory, metaphor, kasr, itnâb, and istifhâmü’t-tahkîr.
