Cüneyt

Prof.

Deniz

Res. Assist.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the main judicial body of the United Nations (UN), has contributed significantly to the protection of human rights in its efforts to build up the rule of law on a global scale. Although the ICJ is founded upon a state-centric approach, it has also directly dealt with issues on the rights and interests of individuals in many cases brought before it.&nbsp;It could be claimed that in the 21st century, the ICJ has begun to endorse a more active approach in the protection of individual rights within the framework of international law. This tendency is apparent in the judgments made in a series of cases since the early 2000s on the protection of certain consular rights stipulated in Article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (VCCR). These rights are greatly important in the protection of the individual’s right to a fair trial within the framework of international law. These judgments are, in chronological order, LaGrand, Avena and Others, and Jadhav, the latest one of which was published in 2019 and is one of the most recent judgments of the ICJ. In these cases, the ICJ has adopted an increasingly evolving approach in the active protection of individual rights.&nbsp;The LaGrand case, published in 2001, was filed by Germany against the United States, claiming that the two German nationals involved were not allowed to avail of the rights they were entitled to under Article 36 of the VCCR. They were sentenced to death by a U.S. court in 1984 after being found guilty of participation in a robbery. The German authorities were not notified about the case until 1992; thus, could only intervene in the case eight years after the sentence had been delivered. It was also only revealed at this late stage that both German nationals were not duly notified of their rights under Article 36 of the VCCR. Nevertheless, the renewed objections raised in the U.S. courts were rejected, and the death sentences were not overturned. Thus, Germany brought the United States’ supposed violation of Article 36 of VCCR before the ICJ. The ICJ found that the United States violated Article 36 of VCCR. In fact, the United States admitted to the violation but disputed Germany’s assertions on the breadth of the scope of the relevant remedies. The ICJ decided that the United States should take all the necessary measures to ensure that the death sentence imposed would be considered and reviewed effectively. In this case, the ICJ also made a crucial interpretation by recognizing that international treaties generate exclusive individual rights distinct from those of their states of nationality, while not finding it necessary to assess Germany’s claims that the individual rights stipulated in the VCCR should also be considered as human rights.&nbsp;&nbsp;In the Avena and Others Judgment, dated 2004, the United States was again the defendant, while the plaintiff this time was Mexico. The case involved 54 Mexican nationals who were arrested, tried, and sentenced to death by U.S. courts. Mexico claimed that its nationals were deprived of their consular rights arising from Article 36 of the VCCR. Once again, the ICJ found that the United States violated the VCCR.&nbsp;The Jadhav Judgment is the third judgment regarding violations of Article 36 of the VCCR. The case concerned an Indian national who was arrested by Pakistani security officials and tried and sentenced to death by a Pakistani military court. Thereupon, India applied for institution of proceedings with the ICJ for violations by Pakistan of various international law rules, primarily Article 36 of the VCCR. In this case, the arguments submitted by the parties and the chain of events leading to the dispute differed greatly to the two previous cases. However, the judgment was similar, with the ICJ once again finding the defendant responsible for violations of the consular rights granted by the VCCR. The main innovation in the Jadhav Judgment was relative to the remedies. Going beyond the remedies provided in the previous cases, the ICJ decided that the responsible state should not only take all the necessary measures to ensure that its death penalty decision will be considered and reviewed but also make changes in its national laws, if necessary. It was also noteworthy that in the Jadhav Judgment, the ICJ made some connections between Article 14 of the UN Convention on Civil and Political Rights—stipulating the individual’s right to fair trial—and Article 36 of VCCR.

Uluslararası Adalet Divanı Kararları Işığında  Bireysel Hakların Diplomatik ve Konsüler Haklar Bağlamında Korunması

Meral

Assist. Prof.

As a result of the endangerment of the environment due to accelerated technological and economic developments, the environment has come to the fore in the law system. There are many regulations on the environment and its protection both in international law and Turkish law. However, considering the protection of the environment within the scope of criminal law has been increasingly seen in the recent past.Environmental law―violations for which were previously sanctioned under administrative regulations―has expanded into criminal law over time and has taken a place in the doctrine and practice as environmental criminal law. The inadequacy of alternative solutions in the struggle against environmental law violations has resulted in most legal systems turning toward criminal law. The protection of the environment within the scope of criminal law, which started to gain more importance in the 1970s–1980s, also affects the Turkish Penal Code No. 5237.Criminal law intervention in violations against the environment is the subject of different discussions. One of these is the function of administrative regulations in the punishment of violations of environmental protection. Environmental values are not directly protected through criminal law, as not all acts of violating environmental values result in criminal responsibility. The subject matter makes sense within the scope of the administrative dependence of environmental criminal law. This duality, the administrative and criminal aspects of environmental law, constitutes the main framework of this paper.In the field of environmental protection, where administrative law and criminal law are closely related, the effectiveness of both branches of law should be taken into account. Particularly considering the claims that the function of criminal law in environmental protection should be reduced or even abolished, environmental offenses should be examined within the scope of the protected legal value, the relationship of environmental violations with human life and health, and the ultima ratio (last resort) principle of criminal law. Criminal law mostly functions in support of the administrative management of the environment. Administrative law specifies the obligations that individuals and companies must comply with in the context of environmental law, and criminal law accepts that violators of the provisions of administrative law on environmental protection will be punished with certain sanctions. Although the legal protection of the environment has been largely-and for a long time-shaped by administrative regulations, the importance of criminal law should not be ignored.&nbsp;Moreover, the structural feature of environmental offenses that distinguishes them from traditional offenses is that they are mainly considered within the scope of endangerment offenses. In endangerment offenses, it is not necessary that harm is caused as a result of the act. Committing the typical act in abstract endangerment offenses is sufficient to constitute the offense. In concrete endangerment offenses, it is necessary to have a dangerousness that is suitable for causing harm. The difficulty of proving environmental offenses has become one of the major factors in the increase in the number of endangerment offenses committed.The degree of administrative dependence also varies by the way environmental offenses are regulated. The distinction of environmental offenses into abstract–concrete endangerment offenses is decisive in terms of the scope of administrative dependence. The fact that environmental offenses are subject to the rules of administrative law is important both qualitatively and functionally. The qualitative meaning is based on the degree of administrative dependence in environmental offenses. Functionally, the judge has to take into account the administrative law requirements during the trial phase. Thus, this paper will deal with not only the theoretical dimension but also the practical dimension, provided that it is limited. The forms in which administrative dependence appears are also important in environmental offenses. The administrative dependence of environmental laws appears in different forms. In this context, conceptual dependence, dependence on administrative law, and dependence on administrative action come to the fore. Particularly, dependence on administrative action is important because it is related to issues that cause problems in environmental criminal law. This subject is examined together with the principle of certainty.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Çevre Ceza Hukukunun İdari Bağlılığı

Eylem

As an aggravating factor arising from the instrument used in the crime, the commission of the offense of intentional injury with a weapon is regulated in subparagraph (e) of the 3rd paragraph of Article 86 of the Turkish Penal Code numbered 5237 (TCK). It is undisputed that the offense of intentional injury with a weapon should be punished effectively. However, in this case, the trial of the crime is carried out ex officio. In this context, what should legally be understood as the weapon is essential.It can be seen that the concept of weapon is defined in paragraph (f) of Article 6 of the TCK, which is titled “Definitions..” According to this paragraph, “[i]n the implementation of the criminal law the term of a weapon shall have the following meaning”: “a firearm”; “an explosive”; “all instruments produced for the purpose of [defense] or attack [that] are capable of cutting, piercing[,] or injuring”; “any instrument, not having been specifically manufactured for the purpose of attack or [defense], which may be used for such purpose”; and “a nuclear, radioactive, chemical[,] or biological substance [that] has burning, corrosive, harmful, suffocating[,] or toxic properties or is capable of causing permanent illness..” Although it is stated in the preamble of this study that the concept of “weapon” is defined such that it need not be explained separately, it should be noted that the aforementioned determination is not valid, particularly in terms of subparagraph 4 of paragraph (f) of Article 6. This is because, even if the offense of intentional injury is committed with instruments that are considered weapons within the scope of subparagraph 4, there is no uniform understanding regarding these instruments in the punishment phase. This situation can lead to unjust results, such as different punishments for different perpetrators who commit the offense of intentional injury using the same means.In this study, the concept of “weapon,” which includes the reference in the 4th subparagraph, will be examined first. While making this examination, article 189 of the Turkish Penal Code numbered 765 (ETCK), which constitutes the basis of the complex expression in the 4th subparagraph of (f) subparagraph of the 6th article of the TCK, will also be emphasized. Subsequently, an evaluation will be performed on the cases in which the instrument used in the crime of intentional injury should be included in the scope of “any instrument, not having been specifically manufactured for attack or [defense], which may be used for such purpose.”&nbsp;Furthermore, the present study will explore whether animals, parts of the human body, or immovable objects are included in this context as well as the particular issues that can arise if the instrument used in the crime of intentional injury during the trial cannot be seized. Moreover, the relationship of the 4th subparagraph with the 3rd subparagraph will be highlighted due to the problems that it causes in practice regarding the crime of willful injury. In addition, what should be understood from the 4th subparagraph will be considered. Thus, the issue of whether the offense of intentional injury is committed with “all instruments produced for defense or attack [that] are capable of cutting, piercing[,] or injuring” or “any instrument, not having been specifically manufactured for attack or defense, which may be used for such purpose” will be addressed. All the aforementioned issues will be examined with a careful consideration of the approach of doctrine and practice. As a result, the necessity of abolishing the 4th subparagraph and using another expression with the amendment to be made in article 6 or the subparagraph (e) of the 3rd paragraph of article 86 of the TCK will be emphasized.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Kasten Yaralama Suçunun Silah Olarak Kabul  Edilen “Saldırı ve Savunma Amacıyla Yapılmış  Olmasa Bile Fiilen Saldırı ve Savunmada  Kullanılmaya Elverişli Diğer Şeyler” ile İşlenmesi

Berrin

The decision on obviating investigations (CPC Art. 158/6) was first added to Turkish law through Article 145 of Decree Law No. 694 dated August 15, 2017 and enacted through Article 140 of Law No. 7078 dated February 1, 2018. In fact, even if this regulation had not been enacted, prosecutors would be required to consider any denunciation or complaint insufficient for launching an investigation in the absence of a situation providing the impression of a crime having been committed within the framework of the right to a good reputation, the principle of a fair trial, and the provision of individuals’ legal security in accordance with Article 160/1 of the CPC. However, the high number of decisions on obviating investigations in practice showed that this procedure was not always followed. Naming a person as a suspect and taking protective measures against them have been prevented due to DOOI accepting that investigations cannot be launched regarding abstract, general, or non-criminal denunciations and complaints. Initiating an investigation, naming a person as a suspect, and taking certain actions against said person in the absence of simple suspicion or the fact that an act does not constitute a crime violates the right to a good reputation and the person’s presumption of innocence. The legislator enacted the said regulation in order to eliminate these drawbacks.As per the regulation in Article 158/6 of the CPC, a preliminary evaluation phase is brought to the investigation phase. At this stage, the public prosecutor must evaluate whether the denunciation or complaint constitutes a crime and whether it has a general and abstract nature and then decide whether to launch an investigation as a result of the evaluation.As per Article 158/6 of the CPC, the regulation has been made that the decision not to carry out an investigation shall be notified to the denouncer or the complainant, if any, who may then appeal to the Criminal Court of Peace in the jurisdiction where the High Criminal Court is located and where public prosecutor who made the decision in accordance with the procedure in Article 173 holds office. In order to prevent the arbitrary behavior of public prosecutors, the denouncer or the complainant has been given the right to object to the DOOI. After the decision is made in favor of obviating an investigation and whether the decision is objected to (Article 173/4, 6) or not (Article 158/6), no statement is found in Article 158/6 of the CPC to clarify the conditions under which an investigation may be relaunched in relation to an act that has been the subject of a denunciation and/or complaint. Article 158/6 of the CPC also contains no&nbsp;regulation regarding notification of the person about whom a denunciation or complaint has been made or regarding the authority to access the records kept, to request their deletion and correction, or to be informed of this judicial process in case the decision is appealed.Article 158/6 of the CPC also regulates that the actions taken and decisions made are to be recorded in a system specifically for this, with the stipulation that these records may only be viewed by the public prosecutor, judge, or court. The registration system as regulated by Article 158/6 of the CPC will play an important role in preventing different prosecutors from making the same or different decisions in cases where the same denunciation or complaint is made repeatedly to the system.Article 158/6 of the CPC is a regulation that has been introduced to prevent investigations regarding each denunciation and complaint and to protect individuals’ right to a good reputation; however, this provision also has problems because the regulation allows records to be kept of each crime with no distinction being made regarding the nature of the crimes. In addition, registrations can be made in this system specific to the regulation for general and abstract denunciations, as well as for denunciations and complaints made due to acts that do not clearly constitute a crime or an act that has not occurred. Such an arrangement contradicts the protection of personal data and the right to a good reputation. The regulation also does not specify how long these records will be kept. Keeping records in the system indefinitely, even when only a limited number of people can view them, is contrary to the rights to a good reputation and protection of personal data. A time limit should be introduced, and at the very least a determination should be made in this regard based on the statute of limitations.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Soruşturma Yapılmasına Yer Olmadığı Kararı (CMK m. 158/6)

Emine

Assoc. Prof.

Türk Hukuku Perspektifinden Çocukların Siber Alanda Cinsel  Amaçlar İçin Teşviki (Siber Uşaklık)

Hazal

Article 419 of TCPC No. 765 defines the punishment for those guilty of the crime of indecent acts as follows: “The punishment for those who act indecently in public shall be imprisonment from fifteen days to two months and for those who have sexual intercourse in this way shall be imprisonment from six months to one year.” With the regulation in Article 225 of TCPC No. 5237, the type of crime and punishment was changed as follows: “A person who engages in sexual intercourse in public or who exposes themself in public shall be sentenced to a penalty of imprisonment for a term of six months to one year.” With this amendment, the crime was limited to acts of publicly engaging in sexual intercourse and public exhibitionism, and the difference between these said acts regarding punishment was abolished.Although the crime of indecent acts does not constitute a physical attack against its victims, their moral values are damaged, and such acts cause psychological shocks that under certain conditions will put people at a disadvantage, even physically. For this reason, in my opinion, the legal value protected by this crime is believed to be the rights to develop one’s spiritual existence and to live in a healthy environment.Although the crime of indecent acts does not constitute a physical attack against its victims, their moral values are damaged, and such acts cause psychological shocks that under certain conditions will put people at a disadvantage, even physically. For this reason, in my opinion, the legal value protected by this crime is believed to be the rights to develop one’s spiritual existence and to live in a healthy environment.Regarding legal types, the elective acts of this crime are sexual intercourse and exhibitionism. In my opinion, sexual intercourse may be defined as any kind of sexual act that results in ejaculation and involves interpersonal contact, regardless of the genders of the parties. Within the framework of this definition of sexual intercourse, a reciprocity is sought with both parties having to consent in order to talk about a sexual relationship. The acts constituting exhibitionism are also not listed per item in the law, and the acts that violate the legal value protected by crime should be evaluated and determined for each concrete case. For the crime to occur, the acts must be done publicly, with publicly being understood to mean that the act can be visible to one or more persons who are not involved at the time the act is performed.The subjective element of crime is intent. Committing this crime is possible with probable intent. In terms of the crime of indecent acts, a separate purpose or motive is not foreseen in the legal definition of the crime. Although the doctrine states that the crime of indecent acts does not occur when a person performs the acts with no sexual motive, making such an assessment is impossible due to the perpetrator’s motivation being a separate subjective element; in other words, their purpose apart from intent is not included in the crime type. Performing the act deliberately is sufficient to show the perpetrator’s guilt, while performing this act for a purpose is not necessary to show guilt.The use of freedom of expression and dissemination of thought or the execution of these types of acts that constitute the crime of indecent acts within the limits of the use of the right in the context of the freedom of science and art do not constitute a violation of the law.Exhibitionism is defined in the science of psychiatry as a state of sexual disorder that should be considered within the scope of mental illnesses, and a conclusion should be reached according to its effect on the ability to be at fault by evaluating it within the scope of Article 32 of the TCPC.In terms of the act of having legal public sexual intercourse, the crime of indecent acts is a crime with multiple perpetrators. The act of exhibitionism, which is legally envisaged as another optional act of this crime, should be noted as only being able to be committed through the perpetrator’s own bodily behavior, and so the crime is one that can be committed in person.In terms of the aggregation of crimes, although the doctrine should be noted to state that the crime of indecent acts also occurs when the act of sexual abuse or sexual assault is committed publicly, it also states that information gathering should be applied. In this case, only that which qualifies as sexual abuse or as sexual assault will be mentioned.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Hayasızca Hareketler Suçu (TCK M 225)

Adem

Erkan

Lecturer

Personal grounds for exclusion of punishment refer to personal reasons that prevent an offender from being punished despite the presence of the elements of typicality, illegality, and culpability existing at the time the crime was committed. How to make a legal assessment in terms of an offender who has made a mistake is a very controversial issue regarding the objective conditions of these grounds.According to the objective theories put forward in this regard, the objective presence of personal grounds for exclusion of punishment is decisive, and the offender’s ignorance of the objective conditions of these reasons will not affect their criminal liability, because these are objective reasons that are completely beyond injustice and culpability.&nbsp;On the other hand, according to strict subjective theories, a mistake made in terms of the objective conditions of personal grounds for exclusion of punishment should be accepted as also affecting the offender’s criminal responsibility. However, different theoretical and normative justifications have been put forward by various authors regarding the legal reason for this effect.&nbsp;Other authors who accept that a result should be attached to the offender’s subjective situation do not reject the arguments of objective theories, nor have they made a general assessment on this subject. Instead, they support limited subjective theories and argue that a mistake made regarding the objective conditions of the personal grounds for exclusion of punishment as established for certain crimes will eliminate the offender’s criminal responsibility. However, these authors do not make categorical distinctions among the personal grounds for exclusion of punishment.Lastly, still other authors have used separative theory to argue that distinctions should be made among the personal grounds for exclusion of punishment. Accordingly, if a personal ground for exclusion of punishment exclusively or predominantly serves the state’s policies on punishment, then the completely objective situation will be taken into account in terms how to apply these grounds, and the error is insignificant regarding the circumstances of these grounds.Conversely, if these grounds primarily require consideration of the act’s motivation, similar to a state of necessity or decreased level of culpability of the crime, one must consider the what the offender envisaged.Making such distinctions appears to be quite correct. However, the conclusions to be drawn from this distinction should be compatible with the letter and systematics of the law.&nbsp;This study has reached the opinion that if a personal ground for exclusion of punishment exclusively or predominantly serves the state’s policies on crime and punishment, attributing a result to an error in the objective conditions is impossible, due to such a reason being unable to affect one’s culpability regarding an act. On the other hand, if the hypothetical formation of the offender’s motivation in committing an act was taken into account when the legislator established the personal grounds for exclusion of punishment, then the need exists to think differently. In such cases, the legislator accepts that the weight of the lack of judgment regarding normative social values in the face of the act has not reached a level worthy of punishment, which is reflected in law as a personal ground for exclusion of punishment regarding the crime in question.For example, in cases falling within the scope of the Turkish Penal Code (TPC) Art. 283/3, a legislator assumes that the conflict between compliance with the norm and protecting a relative from danger would shape the offender’s motivation to act. Because this assumption is based on the offender’s motivation to act, one should assumed that the mistake made regarding the objective conditions of such personal grounds for exclusion of punishment also shaped the motivation to act. Therefore, an offender who has made a mistake regarding the objective conditions of a personal ground for exclusion of punishment should also benefit from this mistake.When looking at the TPC, an error in the objective conditions of personal grounds for exclusion of punishment is not seen to be regulated under any clear norm. When looking at the TPC systematically, this is understood to be an unconscious gap in the law. However, a legislator has regulated errors regarding the objective conditions of the reasons that remove or reduce culpability in TPC Art. 30/3. In this context, this study has the opinion that TPC Art. 30/3 should be applied by analogy in favor of the offender in terms of an error regarding the objective conditions of personal impunity in the narrow sense, which also affects culpability in terms of nature. Accordingly, an offender who makes an inevitable error regarding the objective conditions of personal grounds for exclusion of punishment should benefit from this mistake in accordance with the provision in TPC Art. 30/3.&nbsp;

Şahsi Cezasızlık Sebeplerinin Maddi Şartlarında Hata

Derya

Türkiye’s Penal Reform on Domestic Violence: From the Opuz Case to the 2020s

İbrahim

Many reforms were made in the Ottoman Empire after the Tanzimat Edict. One important aspect of these reforms occurred in the field of law. These changes in the field of law can be divided into two: changes made in the field of judicial organization and codification. In 1879, the Criminal Procedure Code (Usul-i Muhakemat-ı Cezaiye Kanunu) was made based on the French Criminal Procedure Code. The concept of the investigating judge had entered the Ottoman legal system for the first time in 1879 and formed an institution that was accepted in the 1929 Code of Criminal Procedure after the proclamation of the Republic. Even if a defendant was ultimately acquitted, the fact that a criminal case had been opened against a person had serious consequences. In order to minimize any unjustness in this situation, the investigation phase should be carried out very carefully. For this reason, investigating judges also served as prosecutors during the investigation phase following the changes made to Ottoman criminal law in 1879. This study discusses how investigating judges were assigned in the Ottoman criminal legal system, their powers and decisions, and how these decisions were appealed.&nbsp;According to the Criminal Procedure Code of 1879, an investigating judge was appointed by the sultan to serve for three years. The term of office could be extended for an investigating judge whose term of office had expired. Administratively, this judge is subordinate to the prosecutor, yet also acts independently as a judge. In case of flagrante delicto, the investigating judge may actsua sponte and conduct an investigation. In this context, the investigating judge collects the evidence, listens to the witnesses, and keeps the necessary minutes. At this stage, this judge asks for help from law enforcement if necessary. In this phase, the investigating judge should inform the prosecutor about the actions he has taken. Apart from cases of flagrante delicto, the investigating judge may conduct an investigation only if requested by the prosecutor in writing. The prosecutor cannot conduct an investigation, with some exceptions. According to this law, the investigating judge has the duty of carrying out the investigation. The investigating judge must collect evidence in favor of and against the accused. A judge who serves in the investigation stage cannot participate in the trial of the accused as a judge. In order to complete the investigation, the investigating judge is to perform many operations, such as conducting an inspection, investigating traces and signs, taking statements from both sides, listening to witnesses, conducting an expert examination, and receiving reports from forensic experts. After completing the investigation, the file must be sent to the prosecutor in order to prepare an indictment. The prosecutor examines the file, and if it contains any deficiencies, the prosecutor may ask the investigating judge to correct these. If the file is complete, the prosecutor prepares the indictment and sends the file back to the investigating judge. In this phase, the investigating judge will decide whether the accused needs to be prosecuted by considering the information in the file and the indictment. The investigating judge is not bound by the prosecutor’s indictment when making a decision. The investigating judge may make a different decision based on the characteristics of the crime. If the crime is a misdemeanor, the investigating judge will send the relevant documents to the civil court of peace. And if the accused is in custody in this case, the decision to release the accused will be made. If the committed act is considered criminal, the investigating judge will send the file to the court, and if the crime does not require a prison sentence, the judge will make the decision to release the accused. In this stage, the investigating judge will need to obtain a certificate of residence from the accused. A person who has been accused of a serious crime may eventually be acquitted. However, until the acquittal, this person will feel torment and anxiety throughout the trial and be exposed in front of the public. This situation will cause material and immaterial damage that cannot be easily compensated for, both for the accused and the family of the accused. This is why the investigation conducted against a person must be carried out very carefully. For this reason, having the investigating judge as well as the prosecutor take part in the investigation phase is important. One of the results this study has reached is that it has revealed to an extent the level the Ottoman judicial system had achieved in the Tanzimat Period. As a result of the transformation that started with the Tanzimat Period in the Ottoman Empire, a comprehensive judicial structure had been established that was able to meet the needs of the day. This structure was also bequeathed to the newly established Republic of Turkey.

Osmanlı Ceza Yargılamasında Müstantik (Sorgu Hâkimi)

Nuray

Sevil

Prof. Dr.

Violence by a Female Confidant in Turkiye in  the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Gender Shadow Pandemic

Şölen

Child pornography has become more widespread with the development of the Internet and virtual platforms and has created one of the biggest dangers on the Internet for children. When considering that child pornography also involves their being sexual abused, the importance of the issue becomes too great to ignore. For this reason, child pornography has been seen as a problem that should be solved not only by legal experts, but also by psychiatrists, sociologists, educators, and parents, with studies also having been carried out in every discipline to prevent the current problem. In line with this purpose, some regulations have been passed to prevent child pornography, with international regulations having called upon states to criminalize acts related to child pornography, as well as allowing children access to pornographic products. Despite states having regulated child pornography as a crime in their domestic laws, uniformity generally does not exist in its definitions. To say that the reason for these inconsistencies is due to how the concept is interpreted differently in terms of social understanding would not be wrong. For instance, even&nbsp;different interpretations within the legal sense of the concept of child exist, despite this concept being considered very basic. As an accordant example, different penalties in German criminal law are given regarding the use of children between 14-18 and those under 14 years of age in pornographic products. Should this type of grouping be made among children in this regard? Various interpretations of even simple-looking concepts, such as children have major practical significance. For this reason, consensus regarding the child pornography concept must first be reached so that standard regulations can be made regarding the prevention of child pornography within the framework of international requirements, as well as to regulate and adapt domestic law in light of international conventions. Although definitions of the subject are found in many international and domestic regulations, the concept still has problematic points.One of the points that should be mentioned in this regard is the concept of child pornography itself. When considering that a child’s best interests is a value that needs to be protected to a high degree, how accurate would is the use of the concept of pornography? Despite the familiarity of the usage of child pornography, the concept of pornography here is insufficient for protecting children from sexual abuse. As a matter of fact, when looking at general definitions, the concept of pornography is briefly described as materials in which people are made into sexual objects and shown with just aesthetic concern for the purpose of sexual arousal. In this case, if child pornography is interpreted as the use of children in pornographic products within the scope of its literal meaning, only very grave actions on children would be considered within the scope of child pornography. Although child pornography is more commonly used as a general concept, the Turkish Penal Code does not contain the concept of child pornography, with all acts related to child pornography being regulated under the crime of obscenity.Obscenities are defined as products that carry no artistic, scientific, or literary value; that offend the sense of social Decency; that aim at feelings of lust; and that are produced only to satisfy these feeling. When considering both concepts in the light of the definitions and explanations in the doctrine, the scope of the concept of obscenity can clearly be seen to be more comprehensive than the concept of pornographic products. Therefore, to say that the term “obscenity” as used in the Turkish Criminal Code rather than the term “child pornography” and the search for obscene products in terms of the occurrence of a crime provide more effective protection for children would not be wrong. This study discusses the distinctions between obscenity and pornography and compares them with other concepts in this context. In addition, the study emphasizes what criteria determine the distinction between these concepts.In conclusion, the study has first compiled within its scope the definitions in international regulations regarding the concept of child pornography. Rather than giving only definitions here, the study also compares the definitions found in these regulations with one another. Afterward, the study evaluates the regulations regarding child pornography in the Turkish Penal Code in light of all these definitions and discusses which of these definitions is able to provide more effective protection for children. When making these determinations, the study also takes into consideration Turkish and foreign judgments, as well as the criteria that have been brought in the context of these decisions. In addition, comparing concepts and criteria developed within the framework of court decisions will in fact be very useful in determining what content the concepts should contain.&nbsp;

Uluslararası Sözleşmeler Işığında Türk Hukukunda Çocuk Pornografisi Kavramı

Mert

Ses veya Görüntülerin Kayda Alınması Suçu (Türk Ceza Kanunu Madde 286)

Mustafa

The Measurement, Selection, and Placement Center [MSPC] regarding exams and candidate selection and placement conducts several national exams, including the university entrance exams and civil servant exams. Preparing the exam questions, determining which candidates are to take exams, ensuring exams are conducted securely, and announcing results require many essential administrative mechanisms.Although conducting and evaluating exams are considered administrative tasks, exam security and crimes regarding the exams constitute themes that fall under criminal law. Law No. 6114 on the Organization and Duties of MSPC was enacted on February 17, 2011 and states that exams are to be held within the equal opportunity framework. As this paper explains in detail, Law No. 6114 is applicable to the exams conducted by the MSPC as well as by the Ministry of National Education [MoNE]. The article evaluates how the penal provisions in this law are not applicable for exams run by any public institutions and organizations other than MSPC or MoNE. Some decisions by the Supreme Court of Appeal have incorrectly addressed this issue. Law No. 6114 mandates that exam questions and their drafters’ identities be kept confidential. Moreover, questions from the question pool cannot be shared with third parties under any circumstances, whether in whole or in part.Again, the very first sentence of Paragraph 2 in Article 10 of Law No. 6114 defines the unlawful obtainment or possession ofconfidential information as a crime, as well as the disclosure of said confidential information. This paper holds that the crimeof illegally obtaining or keeping confidential information and the crime of disclosing this information can be handled within the scope of criminal intent and under aggregated crimes.Paragraph 3 of Article 10Law No. 6114 defines the crime of cheating. People who cheat either individually or collectively, as well as those who enable cheating, are to be punished in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph. The same regulation covers cheating with devices that transmit sounds /or images. The act of cheating using technological devices has not been regulated as a qualified form of cheating and remains open to discussion. The fact that this type of cheating does not qualify as cheating is not appropriate. In addition, the exam on behalf of another candidate or charging someone for the exam other than the one taking it have also been defined as crimes.Aiding the crime of cheating is defined as an independent crime. Lawmakers have differentiated this crime from the general provisions regarding the act of being an accomplice to cheating through Paragraph 3. Another crime defined in Paragraph 4 of Article 10 in Law No. 6114 is the crime of changing exam results. Anyone who changes the results of an exam in favor or against a candidate is to be punished according to this paragraph. The crime described here is related to altering exam results. However, this paragraph makes no specific definitions regarding how or by which methods changing an exam result becomes a crime. In addition, the paragraph makes no distinctions between candidates or public officials in terms of the identity of the perpetrator. Thus, defining public employees as also being able to perpetrate this crime could also have been easily regulated as one of the qualifying characteristics.This paper conceptualizes the crimes defined in Law No. 6114 as exam crimes, as most of the crimes regulated in this law take the form of secondary norms that are regulated on a conditional basis. If the act constitutes another crime that requires a steeper penalty, the specified secondary norm will then not be applied. This theme is taken into consideration within the framework of aggregation in criminal law. This study finds the absence of effective reparations to be open to criticism. The single qualified casewithin the scope of the law is, crime being committed as an criminal organizational activity.

6114 Sayılı Öğrenci Seçme ve Yerleştirme Merkezi Kanununda Düzenlenen Sınav Suçları

@JOURNAL_BOX_CURRENT

@JOURNAL_BOX_EARLYVIEW

Ayşe Özge

If we placed all of our personal data in a circle, the information coming from a molecular genetic analysis of our DNA would be located at the center point. This centre point symbolizes our sensitive personal data. Compared with other branches of law, criminal procedural law is the branch of law which most needs personal data and therefore performs the most interventions in accordance with its proceedings. Moreover, data in the category of sensitive personal data has a great importance in terms of criminal procedure. Since DNA samples cannot be manipulated and provide results with close to 100 percent accuracy, they offer a valuable type of evidence in terms of revealing the material truth. Depending on the offense committed, the molecular genetic analysis method therefore constitutes an important approach in the investigation and prosecution phases of criminal procedure, as being a method of reading the markers expressed in DNA data. Making use of DNA samples is important for criminal procedural law, but it requires using sensitive personal data. For this reason, the need for protecting sensitive personal data should be taken into consideration from the very beginning of the criminal procedure through to the conclusion. In this study, the molecular genetic analysis method in criminal procedural law will be evaluated, especially with regard to the protection of personal data. To this end, firstly the definition of personal data and the classification of specific personal data will be given and subsequently the legal provisions in Turkish criminal procedural law will be examined in detail. As will be seen, in terms of molecular genetic analysis, there are important provisions in the Turkish legislation regarding the protection of personal data. The most important one of these provisions is allowing the application of this method only in cases of where a judge renders a decision based on essentiality. In addition to specifically regulating confidentiality, the objectivity of the expert who makes this analysis and the destruction of the samples used in the analysis have also been regulated. After the evaluation of Turkish legislation, views on the possibility of establishing a national DNA data bank in Turkey, will be discussed. In this regard, opinions in the doctrine shall be presented and the obsolete draft Act on a national DNA data bank in Turkey will be explained. After this comprehensive analysis of the Turkish law, the next topic will be the&nbsp;regulation of molecular genetic analysis in comparative law. In that context, since the related Articles of the Turkish Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) have been translated from the German Criminal Procedure Code (StGB), the first country to be compared will be Germany. In this way, to avoid repeating the same provisions, two different methods will be explained which are regulated in the StGB but which do not appear in the CPC. These are: mass DNA analysis and data storage used for future criminal procedures. In other words a DNA data bank. The second country to be examined after Germany is the United Kingdom. This is because until the ECtHR’s famous decision in the Case of S. and Marper v. the United Kingdom this country had implemented a highly controversial system. Until this decision, the United Kingdom kept DNA cell samples for an indefinite period. Since this kind of application constitutes a very serious interference to the right to privacy regulated in Article 8 of ECHR, the ECtHR ruled against the United Kingdom, and the country made some amendments to its domestic law. Following the United Kingdom, the United States of America will be examined due to it having the largest DNA data bank in the world. This DNA data bank, named CODIS, is used by the FBI. Subsequently, other countries such as France, Italy and Canada (where national DNA data banks have existed for a long time) will be examined, and the different features of the practices in these countries will be explained. In the conclusion, a general evaluation and some important suggestions will be made which should be taken into consideration in case of the establishment of a national DNA data bank in Turkey. In this context, countries that have the most positive practices regarding the protection of personal data will be given as examples. Thus, the recommendations will be given for reaching and even going beyond the levels of international standards.&nbsp;

Ceza Muhakemesi Hukukunda Moleküler Genetik İncelemelerin Özel Nitelikli Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Our study examines the concept of “serious crime” that leads to withdrawal of donation. This may be due to the donee committing a serious crime against the donor or one of the donors’ relatives, which can be a reason for the withdrawal of donations, regulated by the Turkish Obligation Code (TOC) art. 295 I b 1. We refer to “severe crime,” as defined in the Turkish Civil Code art. 510, which regulates the grounds for debarment from inheritance. However, evaluations of severe crime that lead to debarment from inheritance may not be valid when considering the grounds for withdrawal of donation. In case of debarment from inheritance, the person whom the legator is debarring from his/her inheritance may be the heir according to the legator, yet there may be no such relationship between the donor and the donee. The proximity between the donor and the donee may not be as intense as in inheritance law. How can the concept of “serious crime” then be interpreted in terms of the withdrawal of donation? Is it possible, in this case, to deploy the assessments of criminal law? In the context of our study, we attempt to find answers to this question. To not exceed the scope of our study, we evaluate the concept of severe crime only with reference to withdrawal of donation. To gain an understanding of the concept of “serious crime” based on the TOC 295 I 1, a dual distinction must be in place to express the reason for a donee committing a serious crime against a donor or one of his/her relatives. The first distinction is “crime,” and the second distinction is “serious”. This distinction should not be regarded as purely theoretical because when withdrawing a donation, the offense committed by the donee is characterized as “crime” in terms of criminal law. When a donation is withdrawn, the offense committed by the donee is characterized as “crime” in terms of criminal law. To evaluate whether the offending act is a crime or not, referring to criminal law is sufficient. The fact that the offense is characterized as “crime” serves as an objective condition for the withdrawal of a donation when it is a serious crime. The second distinction required is to define the term “serious.” A crime is characterized as “serious” based on private law regulations in relation to the withdrawal of the donation. The criminal law issue will not be effective in this regard. The private law judge evaluates two types of issues when determining the concept of “serious crime”: objective and subjective. When determining subjective issues, the judge examines the following three elements: whether the crime justifies the existence of ingratitude, any damage caused to the donor because of the crime, and the objective justification for&nbsp;this damage. The judge should examine the nature of each specific case type, the extent of the donation, the motivation of the donor to donate, the motivation of the donee in relation to the offense, whether the donor is at fault or not, and whether these three elements exist together.

Bağışlamanın Geri Alınmasında “Ağır Suç” Kavramı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

@JOURNAL_BOX_FEATURED

Boran Ali

Restorative justice is an alternative practice of justice whereby offenders and victims voluntarily encounter, empathise and finally reconcile with each other in the presence of family and relatives, and other mediators. It has emerged as a substitute for the criminalising effects and humane-fiscal cost of the retributive justice system and initiated the active participation of community members in justice procedure. In this regard, community values and norms function as replacements for the written law of the state and criminal justice courts but with regard to more integrating and inclusionary means. The aim is, simply, to restore the broken rule of law by reintegrating perpetrators into the law-abiding community. The main condition for reconciliation between parties relies on a mutual positive emotional interaction and transference between parties, the aim of which is to make offenders reflect on their illicit behaviours and ultimately feel shame and remorse. Even though debates mostly focus on the judicial and socio-cultural viability of this alternative justice system, it is the possibility of a positive emotional interaction that plays a critical role in setting peace and reconciliation between victim and offenders. The idealised process is personified by the revealing of positive emotional expressions, mutual empathy and understanding between the parties in a conflict of interest. A psychosocial criminological approach to the evidence found in the literature on restorative justice has thus far shown that shame and remorse are the two key emotions anticipated for reconciliation in this setting. While not referenced explicitly, this emotional interaction process bears rather on a psychosocial character given that certain psychoanalytical processes are implicitly at work when victims and offenders are seeking to empathise with each other. Given the previous successful results of restorative justice conferences, emotional interaction between the parties has been observed to lead to the construction of mutual empathy and final closure, relying on identification and transference. In the course of the interaction, certain emotional turning points have been identified as taking place between the victim and the offenders, the latter of whom attempts to initiate a possible closure by symbolicemotional posture, facial expressions and gestures. These emotional turning points usually change the course of the conversation between the parties, resulting in the expression of a cordial apology by the offender and its acceptance by victim. However, studies on restorative justice reveal the problem of offenders’ sincerity and the genuineness of their remorse and guilt in such encounters. Some researchers&nbsp;argue that a genuine flow of shame and remorse, in an idealised form, is not displayed by offenders in contrast to the idealised expectations. To exemplify this, setting out the findings of the South Australia Juvenile Justice Research and Conferencing Project, Kathleen Daly draws attention to the fact that victims thought that only 30 per cent of offenders’ apologies were genuine, whereas offenders claimed that 60 per cent of apologies were truly sorry. This means that victims do not think offenders’ apologies are sincere and that offenders think that their apology does not truly reflect any genuine intent. Put it another way, the evidences suggest that there is a radical difference between offenders’ psychic-inner experiences and the presentation of themselves regarding the imperatives of restorative justice setting. This paper offers a conceptual distinction between emotion and affect as viewed from a psychoanalytically-inflected psychosocial criminological perspective. It further argues that emotion refers to symbolic bodily–linguistic signifiers being adaptable and consciously manipulable according to social contexts, whilst affect indicates an energy or intensities experienced unconsciously and not being symbolised. Setting out various case studies and pieces of evidence, the paper suggests that under the pressure of negative affects such as anxiety and fear of a possible failure of the restorative justice conference, offenders tend to display positive symbolic-emotional representations in a way that would convince victims and other mediators of their guilt and shame. The latter usually leads to the expected–idealised result of the victim-offender encounter. Thus, affective intensities in the emotional turning points need to be considered within the interaction process between victim and offender. A psychosocial criminological perspective should always be taken into consideration while restorative justice practices are claimed to be successful and implemented in a specific social and judicial setting.

Onarıcı Adalet Pratiklerinde Mağdur-Fail Karşılaşması: Duygusal Temsiller karşısında Hakiki Duygulanımlar

Kerryn

Scott A.

Dale M.

Cinsiyet ve Cezaevi Koşulları Bakımından Tekerrür: Koruyucu Faktörler ve Risk Faktörlerinin Etkisi

@JOURNAL_BOX_MOSTREAD

Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi (Journal of Penal Law and Criminology), açık erişimli, hakemli, Haziran ve Aralık aylarında olmak üzere yılda iki defa yayınlanan bilimsel bir dergidir. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi’nin bir yayınıdır.

Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi (Journal of Penal Law and Criminology), öncelikle ceza hukuku ve kriminoloji alanlarına odaklanan, suç ve suçlulukla ilişkili konularda yazılan makalelere açık olan bir dergidir. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi, yüksek kalitede içerikle bu alanlara katkıda bulunan ve bilgi paylaşımı sağlayan uluslararası bir platform sunmayı amaçlar. Dergide, Türkçe makalelerin yanı sıra İngilizce, Almanca, Fransızca, İspanyolca ve İtalyanca makalelere de yer verilir. Derginin hedef kitlesini akademisyenler, araştırmacılar, profesyoneller, öğrenciler ve ilgili mesleki, akademik kurum ve kuruluşlar oluşturur.

ERIH PLUS

DOAJ

TR Dizin

Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)

EBSCO

@METRIC_VOLUMES

@METRIC_ISSUES

@METRIC_ARTICLES

@METRIC_OPENACCESS

Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi

@INFO_TAB_ABOUT

Editor in Chief

Co Editor in Chief

Managing Editor

Editorial Management Board Member

Section Editor

Language Editor

Statistics Editor

Editorial Assistant

Editorial Board Member

Advisory Board Member

@INFO_TAB_BOARDS

Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi (Journal of Penal Law and Criminology), açık erişimli, hakemli, Haziran ve Aralık aylarında olmak üzere yılda iki defa yayınlanan bilimsel bir dergidir. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi’nin bir yayınıdır.Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi (Journal of Penal Law and Criminology), öncelikle ceza hukuku ve kriminoloji alanlarına odaklanan, suç ve suçlulukla ilişkili konularda yazılan makalelere açık olan bir dergidir. Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi, yüksek kalitede içerikle bu alanlara katkıda bulunan ve bilgi paylaşımı sağlayan uluslararası bir platform sunmayı amaçlar. Dergide, Türkçe makalelerin yanı sıra İngilizce, Almanca, Fransızca, İspanyolca ve İtalyanca makalelere de yer verilir. Derginin hedef kitlesini akademisyenler, araştırmacılar, profesyoneller, öğrenciler ve ilgili mesleki, akademik kurum ve kuruluşlar oluşturur.

Amaç ve Kapsam

<ul><li>Web of Science - Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)</li><li>TÜBİTAK - ULAKBİM TR Dizin  </li><li>DOAJ</li><li>ERIH PLUS</li><li>EBSCO Central &amp; Eastern European Academic Source </li></ul>

Dizinler

Dergi yayın etiğinde en yüksek standartlara bağlıdır ve <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a> ve <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> tarafından yayınlanan etik yayıncılık ilkelerini benimser; Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing başlığı altında ifade edilen ilkeler için: <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a> Gönderilen makaleler derginin amaç ve kapsamına uygun olmalıdır. Orijinal, yayınlanmamış ve başka bir dergide değerlendirme sürecinde olmayan, her bir yazar tarafından içeriği ve gönderimi onaylanmış yazılar değerlendirmeye kabul edilir. Makale yayınlanmak üzere Dergiye gönderildikten sonra yazarlardan hiçbirinin ismi, tüm yazarların yazılı izni olmadan yazar listesinden silinemez ve yeni bir isim yazar olarak eklenemez ve yazar sırası değiştirilemez.İntihal, duplikasyon, sahte yazarlık/inkar edilen yazarlık, araştrma/veri fabrikasyonu, makale dilimleme, dilimleyerek yayın, telif hakları ihlali ve çıkar çatışmasının gizlenmesi, etik dışı davranışlar olarak kabul edilir. Kabul edilen etik standartlara uygun olmayan tüm makaleler yayından çıkarılır. Buna yayından sonra tespit edilen olası kuraldışı, uygunsuzluklar içeren makaleler de dahildir.İntihal Ön kontrolden geçirilen makaleler, iThenticate yazılımı kullanılarak intihal için taranır. İntihal/kendi kendine intihal tespit edilirse yazarlar bilgilendirilir. Editörler, gerekli olması halinde makaleyi değerlendirme ya da üretim sürecinin çeşitli aşamalarında intihal kontrolüne tabi tutabilirler. Yüksek benzerlik oranları, bir makalenin kabul edilmeden önce ve hatta kabul edildikten sonra reddedilmesine neden olabilir. Makalenin türüne bağlı olarak, bunun oranın %15 veya %20'den az olması beklenir.Çift Kör Hakemlikİntihal kontrolünden sonra, uygun olan makaleler baş editör tarafından orijinallik, metodoloji, işlenen konunun önemi ve dergi kapsamı ile uyumluluğu açısından değerlendirilir. Editör, makalelerin adil bir şekilde çift taraflı kör hakemlikten geçmesini sağlar ve makale biçimsel esaslara uygun ise, gelen yazıyı yurtiçinden ve /veya yurtdışından en az iki hakemin değerlendirmesine sunar, hakemler gerek gördüğü takdirde yazıda istenen değişiklikler yazarlar tarafından yapıldıktan sonra yayınlanmasına onay verir.

Politikalar

Dergi açık erişimlidir ve derginin tüm içeriği okura ya da okurun dahil olduğu kuruma ücretsiz olarak sunulur. Okurlar, ticari amaç haricinde, yayıncı ya da yazardan izin almadan dergi makalelerinin tam metnini okuyabilir, indirebilir, kopyalayabilir, arayabilir ve link sağlayabilir. Bu <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/translations/turkish-translation" target="_blank">BOAI</a> açık erişim tanımıyla uyumludur. Derginin açık erişimli makaleleri Creative Commons Atıf-GayrıTicari 4.0 Uluslararası (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.tr" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) olarak lisanslıdır.

Derginin tüm giderleri İstanbul Üniversitesi tarafından karşılanmaktadır. Dergide makale yayını ve makale süreçlerinin yürütülmesi ücrete tabi değildir. Dergiye gönderilen ya da yayın için kabul edilen makaleler için işlemleme ücreti ya da gönderim ücreti alınmaz.

Yazarlar dergide yayınlanan çalışmalarının telif hakkına sahiptirler ve çalışmaları  Creative Commons Atıf-GayrıTicari 4.0 Uluslararası (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.tr" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) olarak lisanslıdır. CC BY-NC 4.0 lisansı, eserin ticari kullanım dışında her boyut ve formatta paylaşılmasına, kopyalanmasına, çoğaltılmasına ve orijinal esere uygun şekilde atıfta bulunmak kaydıyla yeniden düzenleme, dönüştürme ve eserin üzerine inşa etme dâhil adapte edilmesine izin verir.

Editörler, yayınlanan makalede, bulguları, yorumları ve sonuçları etkilemeyen küçük hatalar tespit edilirse düzeltme yayınlamayı düşünebilirler. Editörler, bulguları ve sonuçları geçersiz kılan büyük hatalar / ihlaller söz konusu olduğunda, makaleyi geri çekmeyi düşünmelidir. Yazarlar tarafından araştırma veya yayını kötüye kullanmaya yönelik olasılık söz konusu ise; bulguların güvenilir olmadığına ve yazarların kurumlarının olayı soruşturmadığına dair kanıtlar var veya olası soruşturma haksız veya sonuçsuz görünüyor ise, editörler endişe ifadesi yayınlamayı düşünmelidir. Düzeltme, geri çekme veya endişe ifadesi ile ilgili olarak <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> ve <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> yönergeleri dikkate alınır.

Dergide yayınlanan tüm yazıların korunmasını ve kalıcı olarak erişilebilir olmasını sağlamak için makaleler, ulusal bir arşiv sitesi olarak hizmet veren ve aynı zamanda LOCKSS'in içeriği toplamasına, korumasına ve sunmasına izin veren Dergipark'ta saklanmaktadır.Ek olarak, yazarların kendilerinin makalelerinin son PDF sürümünü Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>) standartlarına uygun açık elektronik arşivlerde arşivlemeleri önerilir. Yazarlar, yayınladıkları arşiv versiyonundan, İ.Ü. Yayınevinin dergi web sitesinin URL'sine bağlantı sağlamalıdır.

<div style="text-align: left;">Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi (Journal of Penal Law and Criminology), yayın etiğinde en yüksek standartlara bağlıdır ve <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a> ve <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> tarafından yayınlanan etik yayıncılık ilkelerini benimser; Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing başlığı altında ifade edilen ilkeler için adres: <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing.</a></div>Gönderilen tüm makaleler orijinal, yayınlanmamış ve başka bir dergide değerlendirme sürecinde olmamalıdır. Her bir makale, editörlerden biri ve en az iki hakem tarafından çift taraflı kör hakem değerlendirmesinden geçirilir. İntihal, duplikasyon, sahte yazarlık, araştrma/veri fabrikasyonu, makale dilimleme, dilimleyerek yayın, telif hakları ihlali ve çıkar çatışmasının gizlenmesi, etik dışı davranışlar olarak kabul edilir.Kabul edilen etik standartlara uygun olmayan tüm makaleler yayından çıkarılır. Buna yayından sonra tespit edilen olası kuraldışı uygunsuzluklar içeren makaleler de dahildir.

Etik

Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi (Journal of Penal Law and Criminology) araştırma etiğinde en yüksek standartları gözetir ve aşağıda tanımlanan uluslararası araştırma etiği ilkelerini benimser. Makalelerin etik kurallara uygunluğu yazarların sorumluluğundadır.<ul><li>Araştırmanın tasarlanması, tasarımın gözden geçirilmesi ve araştırmanın yürütülmesinde, bütünlük, kalite ve şeffaflık ilkeleri sağlanmalıdır.</li><li>Araştırma ekibi ve katılımcılar, araştırmanın amacı, yöntemleri ve öngörülen olası kullanımları; araştırmaya katılımın gerektirdikleri ve varsa riskleri hakkında tam olarak bilgilendirilmelidir.</li><li>Araştırma katılımcılarının sağladığı bilgilerin gizliliği ve yanıt verenlerin gizliliği sağlanmalıdır. Araştırma katılımcıların özerkliğini ve saygınlığını koruyacak şekilde tasarlanmalıdır.</li><li>Araştırma katılımcıları gönüllü olarak araştırmada yer almalı, herhangi bir zorlama altında olmamalıdırlar.</li><li>Katılımcıların zarar görmesinden kaçınılmalıdır. Araştırma, katılımcıları riske sokmayacak şekilde planlanmalıdır.</li><li>Araştırma bağımsızlığıyla ilgili açık ve net olunmalı; çıkar çatışması varsa belirtilmelidir.</li><li>İnsan denekler ile yapılan deneysel çalışmalarda, araştırmaya katılmaya karar veren katılımcıların yazılı bilgilendirilmiş onayı alınmalıdır. Çocukların ve vesayet altındakilerin veya tasdiklenmiş akıl hastalığı bulunanların yasal vasisinin onayı alınmalıdır.</li><li>Çalışma herhangi bir kurum ya da kuruluşta gerçekleştirilecekse bu kurum ya da kuruluştan çalışma yapılacağına dair onay alınmalıdır.</li><li>İnsan öğesi bulunan çalışmalarda, “yöntem” bölümünde katılımcılardan “bilgilendirilmiş onam” alındığının ve çalışmanın yapıldığı kurumdan etik kurul onayı alındığı belirtilmesi gerekir.</li></ul>

Makalelerin bilimsel ve etik kurallara uygunluğu yazarların sorumluluğundadır. Yazar, makalenin orijinal olduğu, daha önce başka bir yerde yayınlanmadığı ve başka bir yerde, başka bir dilde yayınlanmak üzere değerlendirmede olmadığı konusunda teminat sağlamalıdır. Uygulamadaki telif kanunları ve anlaşmaları gözetilmelidir. Telife bağlı materyaller (örneğin tablolar, şekiller veya büyük alıntılar) gerekli izin ve teşekkürle kullanılmalıdır. Başka yazarların, katkıda bulunanların çalışmaları ya da yararlanılan kaynaklar uygun biçimde kullanılmalı ve referanslarda belirtilmelidir.Gönderilen makalede tüm yazarların akademik ve bilimsel olarak doğrudan katkısı olmalıdır. Bu bağlamda “yazar” yayınlanan bir araştırmanın kavramsallaştırılmasına ve dizaynına, verilerin elde edilmesine, analizine ya da yorumlanmasına belirgin katkı yapan, yazının yazılması ya da bunun içerik açısından eleştirel biçimde gözden geçirilmesinde görev yapan kişi olarak görülür. Yazar olabilmenin diğer koşulu ise, makaledeki çalışmayı planlamak veya icra etmek ve/veya revize etmektir. Fon sağlanması, veri toplanması ya da araştırma grubunun genel süpervizörlüğü tek başına yazarlık hakkı kazandırmaz. Yazar olarak gösterilen tüm kişiler, sayılan tüm ölçütleri karşılamalı ve yukarıdaki ölçütleri karşılayan her kişi, yazar olarak gösterilmelidir. Yazarların isim sıralaması ortak verilen bir karar olmalıdır. Tüm yazarlar, yazar sıralamasını <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/0CEFE36784F44C599A77D76F95DE3DAA" target="_blank">Telif Hakkı Anlaşması Formunda</a> imzalı olarak belirtmek zorundadırlar.Yazarlık için yeterli ölçütleri karşılamayan, ancak çalışmaya katkısı olan tüm kişiler, “teşekkür/bilgiler” kısmında sıralanmalıdır. Bunlara sadece teknik destek sağlayan, yazıma yardımcı olan ya da sadece genel bir destek sağlayan, finansal ve materyal desteği sunan kişiler örnek olarak gösterilebilir.Bütün yazarlar, araştırmanın sonuçlarını ya da bilimsel değerlendirmeyi etkileyebilme potansiyeli olan finansal ilişkiler, çıkar çatışması ve çıkar rekabetini beyan etmelidirler. Bir yazar kendi yayınlanmış yazısında belirgin bir hata ya da yanlışlık tespit ederse, bu yanlışlıklara ilişkin düzeltme ya da geri çekme için editör ile hemen temasa geçme ve işbirliği yapma sorumluluğunu taşır.

Editör; makaleleri, yazarların etnik kökeninden, cinsiyetinden, cinsel yöneliminden, uyruğundan, dini inancından, siyasi ve felsefi düşüncesinden bağımsız olarak değerlendirir. Ayrıca editör, yayına gönderilen makalelerin adil bir şekilde çift taraflı kör hakem değerlendirmesinden geçmelerini sağlar. Gönderilen makalelere ilişkin tüm bilginin, makale yayınlanana kadar gizli kalacağını garanti eder. Hakemden gelen rapor doğrultusunda yazının yayınlanmasına, yazardan rapor çerçevesinde düzeltme istenmesine ya da yazının geri çevrilmesine karar verir ve yazarı durumdan en kısa sürede haberdar eder. Editör, içerik ve yayının toplam kalitesinden sorumludur. Ayrıca editör, gerektiğinde hata sayfası yayınlamalı ya da düzeltme yapmalıdır.Editör; yazarlar, editörler ve hakemler arasında çatışmaya izin vermez. Hakem atama konusunda tam yetkiye sahiptir ve dergide yayınlanacak makalelerle ilgili nihai kararı vermekle yükümlüdür.Hakemler; makaleleri, yazarların etnik kökeninden, cinsiyetinden, cinsel yöneliminden, uyruğundan, dini inancından, siyasi ve felsefi düşüncesinden bağımsız olarak değerlendirirler. Araştırmayla ilgili, yazarlarla ve/veya araştırmanın finansal destekçileriyle çıkar çatışmaları olmamalıdır. Değerlendirmelerinin sonucunda tarafsız bir yargıya varmalıdırlar. Hakemler, yazarların atıfta bulunmadığı konuyla ilgili yayınlanmış çalışmaları tespit etmelidirler. Gönderilmiş yazılara ilişkin tüm bilgilerin gizli tutulmasını sağlamalı ve yazar tarafından herhangi bir telif hakkının ihlal edildiğini ve intihal yapıldığını fark ederlerse editöre raporlamalıdırlar. Hakem, makale konusu hakkında kendini vasıflı hissetmiyor ya da zamanında geri dönüş sağlayamayacağını düşünüyorsa, editöre bu durumu derhal bildirmeli ve editörden hakem sürecine kendisini dahil etmemesini istemelidir.Değerlendirme sürecinde editör, hakemlere gözden geçirme için gönderilen makalelerin, yazarların özel mülkü olduğunu ve bunun imtiyazlı bir iletişim olduğunu açıkça belirtir. Hakemler ve yayın kurulu üyeleri, başka kişilerle makaleleri tartışamazlar. Hakemlerin kendileri için makalelerin kopyalarını çıkarmalarına izin verilmez. Ayrıca hakemler, editörün izni olmadan makaleleri başkasına veremezler. Yazarın ve editörün izni olmadan hakemlerin gözden geçirmeleri basılamaz ve açıklanamaz. Hakemlerin kimliğinin gizli kalmasına özen gösterilmelidir. Bazı durumlarda editörün kararıyla, ilgili hakemlerin makaleye ait yorumları aynı makaleyi yorumlayan diğer hakemlere gönderilerek hakemlerin bu süreçte aydınlatılması sağlanabilir.

Daha önce yayınlanmamış ya da yayınlanmak üzere başka bir dergide halen değerlendirmede olmayan ve her bir yazar tarafından onaylanan makaleler değerlendirilmek üzere kabul edilir. Gönderilen ve ön kontrolü geçen makaleler iThenticate yazılımı kullanılarak intihal için taranır. İntihal kontrolünden sonra, uygun olan makaleler baş editör tarafından orijinallik, metodoloji, işlenen konunun önemi ve dergi kapsamı ile uyumluluğu açısından değerlendirilir. Seçilen makaleler en az iki ulusal/uluslararası hakeme çift taraflı kör hakemlik ile değerlendirmeye gönderilir; yayın kararı, hakemlerin talepleri doğrultusunda yazarların gerçekleştirdiği düzenlemelerin ve hakem sürecinin sonrasında baş editör tarafından verilir.

Hakemlik Hakkında

Daha önce yayınlanmamış ya da yayınlanmak üzere başka bir dergide halen değerlendirmede olmayan ve her bir yazar tarafından onaylanan makaleler değerlendirilmek üzere kabul edilir. Gönderilen ve ön kontrolü geçen makaleler iThenticate yazılımı kullanılarak intihal için taranır. İntihal kontrolünden sonra, uygun olan makaleler baş editör tarafından orijinallik, metodoloji, işlenen konunun önemi ve dergi kapsamı ile uyumluluğu açısından değerlendirilir.Baş Editör, makaleleri, yazarların etnik kökeninden, cinsiyetinden, uyruğundan, dini inancından ve siyasi felsefesinden bağımsız olarak değerlendirir. Yayına gönderilen makalelerin adil bir şekilde çift taraflı kör hakem değerlendirmesinden geçmelerini sağlar.Seçilen makaleler en az iki ulusal/uluslararası hakeme değerlendirmeye gönderilir; yayın kararı, hakemlerin talepleri doğrultusunda yazarların gerçekleştirdiği düzenlemelerin ve hakem sürecinin sonrasında baş editör tarafından verilir.Baş editör; yazarlar, editörler ve hakemler arasında çıkar çatışmasına izin vermez. Hakem atama konusunda tam yetkiye sahiptir ve dergide yayınlanacak makalelerle ilgili nihai kararı vermekle yükümlüdür.Hakemlerin değerlendirmeleri objektif olmalıdır. Hakem süreci sırasında hakemlerin aşağıdaki hususları dikkate alarak değerlendirmelerini yapmaları beklenir.-Makale yeni ve önemli bir bilgi içeriyor mu?-Öz, makalenin içeriğini net ve düzgün bir şekilde tanımlıyor mu?-Yöntem bütünlüklü ve anlaşılır şekilde tanımlanmış mı?-Yapılan yorum ve varılan sonuçlar bulgularla kanıtlanıyor mu?-Alandaki diğer çalışmalara yeterli referans verilmiş mi?-Dil kalitesi yeterli mi?Hakemler, gönderilen makalelere ilişkin tüm bilginin, makale yayınlanana kadar gizli kalmasını sağlamalı ve yazar tarafında herhangi bir telif hakkı ihlali ve intihal fark ederlerse editöre raporlamalıdırlar. Hakem, makale konusu hakkında kendini vasıflı hissetmiyor ya da zamanında geri dönüş sağlaması mümkün görünmüyorsa, editöre bu durumu bildirmeli ve hakem sürecine kendisini dahil etmemesini istemelidir.Değerlendirme sürecinde editör hakemlere gözden geçirme için gönderilen makalelerin, yazarların özel mülkü olduğunu ve bunun imtiyazlı bir iletişim olduğunu açıkça belirtir. Hakemler ve yayın kurulu üyeleri başka kişilerle makaleleri tartışamazlar. Hakemlerin kimliğinin gizli kalmasına özen gösterilmelidir.

<ol><li style="text-align: left;">Makale gönderimi online olarak, <a href="http://istanbul.edu.tr:8080/tr/journal/jplc/home" target="_blank">http://istanbul.edu.tr:8080/tr/journal/jplc/home</a> üzerinden yapılmalıdır.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Gönderilen yazılar, yazının yayınlanmak üzere gönderildiğini ifade eden, makale türünü belirten ve makaleyle ilgili bilgileri içeren (bkz: Son Kontrol Listesi) bir mektup; yazının elektronik formunu içeren Microsoft Word 2003 ve üzerindeki versiyonları ile yazılmış elektronik dosya ve tüm yazarların imzaladığı <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/0CEFE36784F44C599A77D76F95DE3DAA" target="_blank">Telif Hakkı Anlaşması Formu</a> eklenerek gönderilmelidir.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Yayınlanmak üzere gönderilen makale ile birlikte yazar bilgilerini içeren <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/CB3FD4EC91BA4FF18424B5350D90CD1E" target="_blank">kapak sayfası</a> gönderilmelidir. Kapak sayfasında, makalenin başlığı, yazar veya yazarların bağlı bulundukları kurum ve unvanları, kendilerine ulaşılabilecek adresler, cep, iş ve faks numaraları ve e-posta adresleri yer almalıdır (bkz. Son Kontrol Listesi).</li><li style="text-align: left;">Dergide, hakem denetiminden geçen çalışmalar dışında, karar incelemesi, kitap incelemesi, mevzuat değerlendirmesi ve bilgilendirici notlara da yer verilir. Bu nitelikteki yazıların kabulü veya geri çevrilmesi, Editörler ve Yayın Kurulu tarafından yapılır.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Gönderilen yazılarla ilgili tüm yazışmalar ilk yazarla yapılır.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Yazarların dergiye gönderdikleri çalışmaların derginin kurallarına uygun olduğu kabul edilir. Bilimsel araştırma ve etik kurallarına uyulmadığı veya olağanın üzerinde yazım yanlışlarının tespit edildiği yazılar, Editörler ve Yayın Kurulu tarafından geri çevrilir.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Gönderilen çalışmaların yazı karakteri Times New Roman ve yazı büyüklüğü-14 punto olması gereken bölüm başlıkları ve 10 punto olması gereken dipnotlar dışında- 12 punto olması gerekir. Satır aralıklarının da 1.5 değerinde olması gerekir. Yararlanılan kaynaklara ilişkin dipnotlar sayfa altında yer almalıdır.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Yazar/yazarların adları çalışmanın başlığının hemen altında sağa bitişik şekilde verilmelidir. Ayrıca yıldız dipnot şeklinde (*) yazarın unvanı, kurumu ve e-posta adresi ve telefonu sayfanın en altında dipnotta belirtilmelidir.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Çalışmaların başlıca şu unsurları içermesi gerekmektedir: Türkçe Başlık, Türkçe öz ve anahtar kelimeler; İngilizce başlık, İngilizce öz ve anahtar kelimeler; İngilizce genişletilmiş özet, ana metin bölümleri, son notlar ve kaynaklar.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Giriş bölümünden önce 100-200 sözcük arasında çalışmanın kapsamını, amacını, ulaşılan sonuçları ve kullanılan yöntemi kaydeden Türkçe ve İngilizce öz ile 600-800 kelimelik İngilizce genişletilmiş özet yer almalıdır. Çalışmanın İngilizce başlığı İngilizce özün üzerinde yer almalıdır. İngilizce ve Türkçe özlerin altında çalışmanın içeriğini temsil eden 3 İngilizce, 3 Türkçe anahtar kelime yer almalıdır.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Araştırma yazılarında sorunsalın betimlendiği ve çalışmanın öneminin belirtildiği GİRİŞ bölümünü “Amaç ve Yöntem”, “Bulgular”, “Tartışma ve Sonuç”, ”Son Notlar” “Kaynaklar” ve “Tablolar ve Şekiller” gibi bölümler takip etmelidir. Derleme ve yorum yazıları için ise, çalışmanın öneminin belirtildiği, sorunsal ve amacın somutlaştırıldığı “Giriş” bölümünün ardından diğer bölümler gelmeli ve çalışma “Tartışma ve Sonuç”, ”Son Notlar”, “Kaynaklar” ve “Tablolar ve Şekiller” şeklinde bitirilmelidir.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Çalışmanın sonunda, kullanılan kaynakların yazar soyadına göre alfabetik sıraya dizildiği kaynakçaya yer verilmelidir. Ayrıca eserde kullanılan kaynaklar dipnotunda veya metin içerisinde kısa olarak yer almalıdır.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Eserlerin tablo veya grafik içermesi durumunda ayrı bir excel dosyası ile ham verilerin eserle birlikte gönderilmesi zorunludur. Çalışmalarda tablo, grafik ve şekil gibi göstergeler ancak çalışmanın takip edilebilmesi açısından gereklilik arz ettiği durumlarda, numaralandırılarak, tanımlayıcı bir başlık ile birlikte verilmelidir.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Kurallar dâhilinde dergimize yayınlanmak üzere gönderilen çalışmaların her türlü sorumluluğu ve çalışmada geçen görüşler yazar/yazarlarına aittir.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Hakem raporları doğrultusunda yazarlardan, metin üzerinde bazı düzeltmeler yapmaları istenebilir.</li><li style="text-align: left;">Dergiye gönderilen çalışmalar yayınlansın veya yayınlanmasın geri gönderilmez.</li></ol>

Yazım Kuralları

Makaleyi göndermeden önce Yazarlara Bilgi’yi lütfen okuyun ve aşağıdakilerin eksik olmadığından emin olun:Editöre mektup<ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li>Makalenin türü</li> <li>Başka bir dergiye gönderilmemiş olduğu bilgisi</li> <li>Sponsor veya ticari bir firma ile ilişkisi (varsa belirtiniz)</li> <li>Kaynakların OSCOLA’ya göre belirtildiği</li> <li>İngilizce yönünden kontrolünün yapıldığı</li> <li>Yazarlara Bilgide detaylı olarak anlatılan dergi politikalarının gözden geçirildiği</li> </ul> </ul><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/0CEFE36784F44C599A77D76F95DE3DAA" target="_blank">Telif Hakkı Anlaşması Formu</a>Daha önce basılmış material (yazı-resim-tablo) kullanılmış ise izin belgesi<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/2DE5F68B92874A26A2E9D5398C6A61D3" target="_blank">Makale kapak sayfası</a><ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li>Makalenin kategorisi</li> <li>Makale dilinde ve İngilizce başlık</li> <li>Yazarların ismi soyadı, unvanları ve bağlı oldukları kurumlar (üniversite ve fakülte bilgisinden sonar şehir ve ülke bilgisi de yer almalıdır), e-posta adresleri</li> <li>Sorumlu yazarın e-posta adresi, açık yazışma adresi, iş telefonu, GSM, faks nosu</li> <li>Tüm yazarların ORCID’leri</li> </ul> </ul>Makalenin ana metni<ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li>Makale dilinde ve İngilizce başlık</li> <li>Özetler 180-200 kelime makale dilinde ve 180-200 kelime İngilizce</li> <li>Anahtar Kelimeler: 3 adet makale dilinde ve 3 adet İngilizce</li> <li>İngilizce olmayan makaleler için (Örn, Almanca, Fransızca vd dillerdeki makaleler) İngilizce genişletilmiş özet (Extended Abstract) 600-800 kelime</li> <li>Makale ana metin bölümleri</li> <li>Finansal Destek (varsa belirtiniz)</li> <li>Çıkar Çatışması (varsa belirtiniz)</li> <li>Teşekkür (varsa belirtiniz)</li> <li>Kaynaklar</li> <li>Tablolar-Resimler, Şekiller (başlık, tanım ve alt yazılarıyla)</li> </ul> </ul>Makale Gönderme<ul type="disc"> <li style="text-align: left;">Makalenin gönderileceği DergiPark sayfası adresi: <a href="https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/journal/49/submission/step/manuscript/new" target="_blank">https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/journal/49/submission/step/manuscript/new</a></li><li style="text-align: left;">Yapılan başvurularda, çalışmanın sorumlu yazarının (corresponding author) hesabı kullanılmalıdır. Sorumlu yazarın dışındaki yazarların ya da çalışmada yazar olarak yer almayan bir başkasının hesabı kullanılmamalıdır. Başvuru ile ilgili bütün yazışmalar DergiPark sistemi üzerinden gönderilen elektronik posta ile sorumlu yazara iletilmektedir.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Makale ana metninin dosyasını (Main Document)  yüklerken, çift taraflı kör hakem süreci gereği, bu dosyanın yazar kimliğini deşifre eden hiçbir unsur barındırmadığından emin olun. Makale ana metni dosyası (Main Document) başlık sayfasını (Title Page) içermemeli; yazar adı geçen ya da yazar adlarını ifşa edebilecek bölümler içermemeli (Örneğin: Teşekkür, her sayfada tekrar eden ve yazar adlarını içerebilen başlık).</li> </ul><ul type="disc"> </ul>Ayrı Ayrı Yüklemeniz gereken dosyalar<ul type="disc"> <li>Telif Hakkı Anlaşması Formu</li> <li>Resim, Tablo vb başka kaynaktan alındıysa izin belgesi</li> <li>Makale Kapak Sayfası</li> <li>Makale Ana Metni Dosyası  (Bu dosya aşağıdaki unsurları içermelidir)</li> </ul><ul type="disc"> <ul type="circle"> <li>Makale dilinde ve İngilizce başlık</li> <li>Özetler 180-200 kelime makale dilinde ve 180-200 kelime İngilizce</li> <li>Anahtar Kelimeler: 3 adet makale dilinde ve 3 adet İngilizce</li> <li>İngilizce olmayan makaleler için (Örn, Almanca, Fransızca, Türkçe vd dillerdeki makaleler ) İngilizce genişletilmiş Özet (Extended Abstract)  600-800 kelime</li> <li>Makale ana metin bölümleri</li> <li>Finansal Destek (varsa belirtiniz)</li> <li>Çıkar Çatışması (varsa belirtiniz)</li> <li>Teşekkür (varsa belirtiniz)</li> <li>Kaynaklar</li> <li>Tablolar-Resimler, Şekiller (başlık, tanım ve alt yazılarıyla)</li></ul></ul><ul type="disc"> </ul>

<a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/0CEFE36784F44C599A77D76F95DE3DAA" target="_blank">Telif Hakkı Anlaşması Formu</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/5B1C2B40D7AB469E9A57486EF590CEB7" target="_blank">Makale kapak sayfası</a><a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/55AD51EFEC864EF685218DCAED509157" target="_blank">Yazar Formu</a>

Aşağıdaki listede yer alan hususların eksik olmadığından emin olun:●    Editöre mektup•    Makalenin türü•    Başka bir dergiye gönderilmemiş olduğu bilgisi•    Sponsor veya ticari bir firma ile ilişkisi (varsa belirtiniz)•    İstatistik kontrolünün yapıldığı bilgisi (araştırma makaleleri için)•    İngilizce yönünden kontrolünün yapıldığı bilgisi•    Yazarlara Bilgide detaylı olarak anlatılan dergi politikalarının gözden geçirildiği•    Kaynakların OSCOLA’ya veya APA6’ya göre belirtildiği●    <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/0CEFE36784F44C599A77D76F95DE3DAA" target="_blank">Telif Hakkı Anlaşması Formu</a>●    Daha önce basılmış materyal (yazı-resim-tablo) kullanılmış ise izin belgesi●    <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/F28B47DF92FD4F80BF9CB4775FBEF2F8" target="_blank">Makale kapak sayfası</a>•    Makalenin türü•    Makalenin Türkçe ve İngilizce başlığı•    Yazarların ismi soyadı, unvanları ve bağlı oldukları kurumlar (üniversite ve fakülte bilgisinden sonra şehir ve ülke bilgisi de yer almalıdır), e-posta adresleri•    Sorumlu yazarın e-posta adresi, açık yazışma adresi, iş telefonu, GSM, faks nosu•    Tüm yazarların ORCID’leri●    Makale ana metni dosyası•    Makalenin Türkçe ve İngilizce başlığı•    Özetler 180-200 kelime Türkçe ve 180-200 kelime İngilizce•    Anahtar Kelimeler: 3 adet Türkçe ve 3 adet İngilizce•    Makale Türkçe ise, İngilizce genişletilmiş Özet (Extended Abstract) 600-800 kelime•    Makale ana metin bölümleri•    Finansal Destek (varsa belirtiniz)•    Çıkar Çatışması (varsa belirtiniz)•    Teşekkür (varsa belirtiniz)•    Kaynaklar•    Tablolar-Resimler, Şekiller (başlık, tanım ve alt yazılarıyla)

Sayı Türü	Regular
Editör(ler)	Adem Sözüer
Kapak (PDF)
Ön Sayfalar (PDF)

Ceza Hukuku ve Kriminoloji Dergisi

CİLT 10, SAYI 1, 2022

Uluslararası Adalet Divanı Kararları Işığında Bireysel Hakların Diplomatik ve Konsüler Haklar Bağlamında Korunması

Çevre Ceza Hukukunun İdari Bağlılığı

Kasten Yaralama Suçunun Silah Olarak Kabul Edilen “Saldırı ve Savunma Amacıyla Yapılmış Olmasa Bile Fiilen Saldırı ve Savunmada Kullanılmaya Elverişli Diğer Şeyler” ile İşlenmesi

Soruşturma Yapılmasına Yer Olmadığı Kararı (CMK m. 158/6)

Türk Hukuku Perspektifinden Çocukların Siber Alanda Cinsel Amaçlar İçin Teşviki (Siber Uşaklık)

Hayasızca Hareketler Suçu (TCK M 225)

BİLGİ

PAYLAŞ