Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences

GÖNDERBİLGİ
EnglishTürkçe

Araştırma Makalesi


DOI :10.26650/siyasal.2022.31.1110721   IUP :10.26650/siyasal.2022.31.1110721    Tam Metin (PDF)

COVID-19 Pandemisinde Bilgi Kırılganlığı: Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Mülteciler

Burak Ağalday, Mehmet İhsan Özdemir

Koronavirüs (COVID-19) pandemisine devletlerin hazırlıksız bir şekilde yakalandığını söylemek mümkündür. Bu yüzden pandemi sürecine dair doğru ve gerekli bilgilerin kamuoyuyla paylaşılmasında aksaklıklar yaşanmıştır. Mülteciler, toplumdan tecrit edilmişlik ve dil farklılığı gibi bariyerler nedeniyle bu aksaklıkların yarattığı olumsuzluğa daha fazla maruz kalabilmektedir. Buna istinaden mültecilerin olumsuz yaşam şartları, sosyal hizmetlere ve doğru bilgiye erişimde yaşadığı zorluklar dikkate alındığında onların COVID-19 pandemisinde savunmasız ve kırılgan bir grup olduğunu söylemek yerinde olacaktır. Bu çalışmamızda Suriye iç savaşı sırasında Türkiye’ye sığınan Suriyelilerin bilgiye erişimi ele alınmaktadır. Özgün çevrimiçi anket verisi ve pandemi sürecinde kamuoyunu bilgilendiren ilgili kurumların arşivleri ışığında Suriyelilerin bilgi kırılganlığı ve bilgi kaynakları incelenmiştir. Ev sahibi topluluğun ve Suriyeli mültecilerin bilgiye erişiminin karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alındığı bu çalışmamızda Suriyeli mültecilerin COVID-19 önlemleri ve idari tedbirler konusunda ev sahibi topluma göre daha az bilgili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca idari tedbirler konusunda Suriyelilerin bilgi seviyesinin kurumsal duyuruların takibiyle arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Son olarak, vatandaşlık statüsündeki Suriyelilerin geçici koruma statüsündeki Suriyelilere kıyasla idari tedbirler konusunda doğru bilgiler edinmesi daha olasıdır. Bundan hareketle resmi kurumların mültecilerin bilgi direncini oluşturmada oldukça önemli bir rol oynadığı ancak bu bilgilendirmelerin sistematik ve kapsamlı olmadığı tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19, bilgi kırılganlığı, Suriyeli mülteciler, kurumsal bilgilendirme, Türkiye, güvencesizlik
DOI :10.26650/siyasal.2022.31.1110721   IUP :10.26650/siyasal.2022.31.1110721    Tam Metin (PDF)

Information Vulnerability Amid The COVID-19 Pandemic: Syrian Refugees In Turkey

Burak Ağalday, Mehmet İhsan Özdemir

States were caught unprepared by the COVID-19 pandemic. This caused a hitch in briefing the public with true and sufficient information. Refugees may be exposed to these drawbacks more due to the language barrier and social isolation. They are an especially vulnerable group in the COVID-19 pandemic due to their adverse life conditions and difficulty in accessing social services and information. In this paper, we study the Syrians who fled to Turkey during the Syrian civil war. We examine the Syrians’ information vulnerability and sources of information using original online survey data and archives of official institutions in charge of the refugee response and the management of the pandemic. It is concluded that Syrians are less knowledgeable than the host community regarding COVID-19 precautions and administrative measures. It is also found that the Syrians’ level of information on administrative measures is likely to increase when institutional announcements are followed. Additionally, naturalized Syrians are more likely to acquire true information on administrative measures than the Syrians under temporary protection. We argue that official institutions play a crucial role in building refugees’ information resilience, yet their briefing is unsystematic and uncomprehensive. 

Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19, information vulnerability, institutional briefing, Syrian refugees, Turkey, precarity

PDF Görünüm

Referanslar

  • AFAD. (2017). Field Survey on Demographic View, Living Conditions and Future Expectations of Syrians in Turkey. Ankara:AFAD. google scholar
  • Ager, A., & Strang, A. (2008). Understanding integration: A conceptual framework. Journal of Refugee Studies, 21 (2), 166-191. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fen016 google scholar
  • Akcapar, S. K., & Simsek, D. (2018). The politics of syrian refugees in Turkey: A question of inclusion and exclusion through citizenship. Social Inclusion, 6(1), 176-187. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v6i1.1323 google scholar
  • Akpınar, T. (2017). Türkiye’ deki Suriyeli mülteci çocukların ve kadınların sosyal politika bağlamında yaşadıkları sorunlar. Balkan ve Yakın Doğu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 03(03), 16-29. google scholar
  • Amnesty International. (2020). Global: Ignored by COVID-19 responses, refugees face starvation. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/05/refugees-and-migrants-being-forgotten-in-covid19-crisis-response/ google scholar
  • Balcilar, M. (2016). Health Status Survey of Syrian Refugees in Turkey: Non-communicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance among Syrian Refugees Living in Turkey. Retrieved from https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/ birimler/kronik-hastaliklar-engelli-db/hastaliklar/kronik_havayolu/raporlar/HEALT_STATUS_SURVEY_ of_SYRIAN_REFUGEES_in_TURKEY.pdf google scholar
  • BBC. (2020). Koronavirüs ne kadar dayanıklı, yüzeylerde ne kadar kalıyor? - BBC News Türkçe. Retrieved July 27, 2020, from https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-51943651 google scholar
  • Budak, F., & Bostan, S. (2020). The Effects of Covid-19 Pandemic on Syrian Refugees in Turkey: The Case of Kilis. Social Work in Public Health, 35(7, SI), 579-589. https://doi.org/10.1080/19371918.2020.1806984 google scholar
  • Dekker, R., Engbersen, G., Klaver, J., & Vonk, H. (2018). Smart Refugees: How Syrian Asylum Migrants Use Social Media Information in Migration Decision-Making. Social Media and Society, 4(1), 1-11. https://doi. org/10.1177/2056305118764439 google scholar
  • Elçi, E., Kirisçioglu, E. & Üstübici, A. (2021). How Covid-19 financially hit urban refugees: evidence from mixed-method research with citizens and Syrian refugees in Turkey. Disasters, 45, 240-263. https://doi. org/10.1111/disa.12498 google scholar
  • Erdoğan, M. M. (2018). Suriyeliler Barometresi: Suriyelilerle Uyum İçinde Yaşamın Çerçevesi (1st ed.). İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları. google scholar
  • Erdoğan, M. M. (2020). Suriyeliler Barometresi 2019: Suriyelilerle Uyum İçinde Yaşamın Çerçevesi. Ankara: Orion Kitabevi. google scholar
  • Erdoğan, M. M. (2021). Suriyeliler Barometresi 2020: Suriyelilerle Uyum İçinde Yaşamın Çerçevesi. Ankara: Eğiten Kitap Yayıncılık. google scholar
  • Executive Order. Protocol relating to the Legal Status of Refugees. , Pub. L. No. 6/10266 (1968). google scholar
  • Falkenhain, M., Flick, U., Hirseland, A., Naji, S., & Verlage, T. (2021). Setback in labour market integration due to the Covid-19 crisis ? An explorative insight on forced migrants ’ vulnerability in Germany. European Societies, 448-463. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1828976 google scholar
  • Fouad, F. M., Mccall, S. J., Ayoub, H., Abu-raddad, L. J., & Mumtaz, G. R. (2021). Vulnerability of Syrian refugees in Lebanon to COVID-19 : quantitative insights. 1-6. google scholar
  • Güneş Aslan, G., & Güngör, F. (2019). Suriyeli Sığınmacıların Türkiye’ye Göç Sonrası Yaşadığı Sorunlar: İstanbul Örneği. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(18), 1602-1632. https://doi.org/10.26466/ opus.558512 google scholar
  • Gürsoy, E., & Ertaşoğlu, L. D. (2019). Syrian refugees’ perception of barriers and bridges towards integration into Turkish society. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 32(2), 128-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/0790831 8.2018.1542000 google scholar
  • Healey, S.J.R., Ghafournia, N., Massey, P.D., Andrich, K., Harrison, J., Taylor, K., Bolsewicz, K. (2022) Ezidi voices: The communication of COVID-19 information amongst a refugee community in rural Australia- a qualitative study. International Journal of Equity in Health, 21(10). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01618-3 google scholar
  • İçduygu, A. (2017). Türkiye’deki Suriyeli sığınmacılar: “Siyasallaşan” bir sürecin analizi. Toplum ve Bilim, (140), 27-41. google scholar
  • Içduygu, A., & Nimer, M. (2020). The politics of return: exploring the future of Syrian refugees in Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey. Third World Quarterly, 41(3), 415-433. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2019.16 75503 google scholar
  • İçduygu, A., & Şimşek, D. (2016). Syrian Refugees in Turkey: Towards Integration Policies. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 15(3), 59-69. google scholar
  • Ilgit, A., & Memisoglu, F. (2017). Contesting Refugees in Turkey: Political Parties and the Syrian Refugees. In D. E. Utku, K. O. Unutulmaz, & İ. Sirkeci (Eds.), Turkey’s Syrians: Today and Tomorrow (pp. 81-99). London: Transnational Press. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2016.1189479 google scholar
  • Incetahtacı, N. (2020). Gaziantep’teki Suriyeli Ailelerin Baş Etme Stratejileri. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19(2), 499-525. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.688357 google scholar
  • Junior, J. G., de Sales, J. P., Moreira, M. M., Pinheiro, W. R., Lima, C. K. T., & Neto, M. L. R. (2020). A crisis within the crisis: The mental health situation of refugees in the world during the 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. Psychiatry Research, 288(April), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113000 google scholar
  • Kananian, S., Al, S., & Ulrich, S. (2021). Perceived Vulnerability to Disease , Knowledge and Preventive Behavior Related to COVID - 19 in Farsi and Arabic Speaking Refugees. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, (0123456789), 6-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-021-01322-4 google scholar
  • Karasu, M. A. (2019). Suç Korkusu , Göç ve Suriyeli Sığınmacılar : Şanlıurfa Örneği. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 1(3), 332-347. google scholar
  • Kennan, M. A., Lloyd, A., Thompson, K. M., & Qayyum, A. (2013). Connecting with new information landscapes: Information literacy practices of refugees. Journal of Documentation, 69(1), 121-144. https:// doi.org/10.1108/00220411311295351 google scholar
  • Kollender, E., & Nimer, M. (2020). Long-temr Exclusionary Effects of COVID-19 forRefugee Chidren in the German and Turkish Education Systems: A Comparative Perspective. Retrieved from https://ipc.sabanciuniv. edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20200708-02075629.pdf google scholar
  • Kosciejew, M. (2019). Information’s importance for refugees: Information technologies, public libraries, and the current refugee crisis. Library Quarterly: Information, Community, Policy, 89(2), 79-98. https://doi. org/10.1086/702193 google scholar
  • Kurt, G., Ilkkursun, Z., Javanbakht, A., Uygun, E., Karaoglan-Kahilogullari, A., & Acarturk, C. (2021). The psychological impacts of COVID-19 related stressors on Syrian refugees in Turkey: The role of resource loss, discrimination, and social support. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 85, 130-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.09.009 google scholar
  • Lloyd, A. (2014). Building Information Resilience: How do Resettling Refugees Connect with Health Information in Regional Landscapes - Implications for Health Literacy. Australian Academic and Research Libraries, Vol. 45, pp. 48-66. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048623.2014.884916 google scholar
  • Lloyd, A., & Wilkinson, J. (2016). Knowing and learning in everyday spaces (KALiEds): Mapping the information landscape of refugee youth learning in everyday spaces. Journal of Information Science, 42(3), 300-312. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551515621845 google scholar
  • Martuscelli, P. N. (2021). How Are Forcibly Displaced People Affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak ? Evidence From Brazil. 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642211000402 google scholar
  • MEMO. (2020). Turkey policeman arrested for killing Syria teen. Retrieved December 13, 2020, from https:// www.middleeastmonitor.com/20200430-turkey-policeman-arrested-for-killing-syria-teen/ google scholar
  • Miconi, A. (2020). News from the Levant: A Qualitative Research on the Role of Social Media in Syrian Diaspora. Social Media + Society, 6(1), 205630511990033. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119900337 google scholar
  • MoH. (2020). Koronavirüs Riskine Karşı 14 Kural. Retrieved July 25, 2020, from https://covid19bilgi.saglik. gov.tr/depo/afisler/Halk/COVID-19_14_KURAL_AFIS_50X70.pdf google scholar
  • MoI. (2020a). 15 İlde 15.05.2020 24.00 ile 19.05.2020 24.00 Saatleri Arasında Uygulanacak Sokağa Çıkma google scholar
  • Kısıtlaması. Retrieved July 27, 2020, from https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/15-ilde-15052020-2400-ile-19052020-2400-saatleri-arasinda-uygulanacak-sokaga-cikma-kisitlamasi google scholar
  • MoI. (2020b). Koronavirüs ile Mücadelede Ramazan Ayı Tedbirleri Genelgesi. Retrieved July 27, 2020, from https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/koronavirus-ile-mucadelede-ramazan-ayi-tedbirleri-genelgesi google scholar
  • Nimer, M., & Rottman, S.B. (2022). Logistification and Hyper-Precarity at the Intersection of Migration and Pandemic Governance: Refugees in the Turkish Labour Market, Journal of Refugee Studies, 35(1), 122138. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feab076 google scholar
  • Pelek, D. (2019). Syrian Refugees as Seasonal Migrant Workers: Re-Construction of Unequal Power Relations in Turkish Agriculture. Journal of Refugee Studies, 32(4), 605-629. https://doi.org/10.1093/JRS google scholar
  • Primdahl, N. L., Borsch, A. S., Verelst, A., Jervelund, S. S., Derluyn, I., & Skovdal, M. (2021). ‘It’s difficult to help when I am not sitting next to them’: How COVID-19 school closures interrupted teachers’ care for newly arrived migrant and refugee learners in Denmark. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 16(1), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2020.1829228 google scholar
  • Rygiel, K., Baban, F., & Ilcan, S. (2016). The Syrian refugee crisis: The EU-Turkey ‘deal’ and temporary protection. Global Social Policy, 16(3), 315-320. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468018116666153 google scholar
  • Şimşek, D. (2018). Mülteci Entegrasyonu, Göç Politikaları ve Sosyal Sınıf: Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Mülteciler Örneği. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 40(2), 367-392. google scholar
  • Subbaraman, N. (2020). ‘Distancing is impossible’: refugee camps race to avert coronavirus catastrophe. Nature, 581, 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01218-7 google scholar
  • Sunata, U., & Tosun, S. (2019). Assessing the Civil Society’s Role in Refugee Integration in Turkey: NGO-R as a New Typology. Journal of Refugee Studies, 32(4), 683-703. https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article-abstract/32/4/683/5098727 google scholar
  • Temporary Protection Regulation (2014). Retrieved from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/ MevzuatMetin/21.5.20146883.pdf google scholar
  • Truman, B. I., Tinker, T., Vaughan, E., Kapella, B. K., Brenden, M., Woznica, C. V., ... Lichtveld, M. (2009). Pandemic influenza preparedness and response among immigrants and refugees. American Journal of Public Health, 99(S2), 278-287. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.154054 google scholar
  • Tümtaş, M. S. (2018). Toplumsal Dışlanmadan Vatandaşlık Tartışmalarına Suriyeli Kent Mültecileri. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(37), 26-47. https://doi.org/10.25294/ auiibfd.420796 google scholar
  • Ünal, S., & Doğan, F. (2020). Yerli Halkın Bakışından Suriyeli Kadın Sığınmacılar: Mardin’de Yabancının Ötekileştirilmesi ve Ahlaki Dışlama. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(25), 3284-3327. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.619452 google scholar
  • United Nations Coordinated Appeal. (2020). Global Humanitarian Response Plan: Covid-19. google scholar
  • van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D. H., Holbrok, M. G., Gamble, A., Williamson, B. N., . Munster, V. J. (2020). Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. The New England Journal ofMedicine, 382, 1564-1567. google scholar
  • Vârheim, A. (2014). Trust and the role of the public library in the integration of refugees: The case of a Northern Norwegian city. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 46(1), 62-69. https://doi. org/10.1177/0961000614523636 google scholar
  • WHO. (2022). WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. Retrieved April 1, 2022, from https:// covid19.who.int/ google scholar
  • Yanaşmayan, Z., Ustubici, A., & Kasli, Z. (2019). Under the Shadow of Civilizationist Populist Discourses: Political Debates on Refugees in Turkey. New Diversities, 21(2), 37-51. google scholar

Atıflar

Biçimlendirilmiş bir atıfı kopyalayıp yapıştırın veya seçtiğiniz biçimde dışa aktarmak için seçeneklerden birini kullanın


DIŞA AKTAR



APA

Ağalday, B., & Özdemir, M.İ. (2022). COVID-19 Pandemisinde Bilgi Kırılganlığı: Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Mülteciler. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences, 31(2), 369-383. https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2022.31.1110721


AMA

Ağalday B, Özdemir M İ. COVID-19 Pandemisinde Bilgi Kırılganlığı: Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Mülteciler. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences. 2022;31(2):369-383. https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2022.31.1110721


ABNT

Ağalday, B.; Özdemir, M.İ. COVID-19 Pandemisinde Bilgi Kırılganlığı: Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Mülteciler. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences, [Publisher Location], v. 31, n. 2, p. 369-383, 2022.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Ağalday, Burak, and Mehmet İhsan Özdemir. 2022. “COVID-19 Pandemisinde Bilgi Kırılganlığı: Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Mülteciler.” Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences 31, no. 2: 369-383. https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2022.31.1110721


Chicago: Humanities Style

Ağalday, Burak, and Mehmet İhsan Özdemir. “COVID-19 Pandemisinde Bilgi Kırılganlığı: Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Mülteciler.” Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences 31, no. 2 (Dec. 2023): 369-383. https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2022.31.1110721


Harvard: Australian Style

Ağalday, B & Özdemir, Mİ 2022, 'COVID-19 Pandemisinde Bilgi Kırılganlığı: Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Mülteciler', Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 369-383, viewed 2 Dec. 2023, https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2022.31.1110721


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Ağalday, B. and Özdemir, M.İ. (2022) ‘COVID-19 Pandemisinde Bilgi Kırılganlığı: Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Mülteciler’, Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences, 31(2), pp. 369-383. https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2022.31.1110721 (2 Dec. 2023).


MLA

Ağalday, Burak, and Mehmet İhsan Özdemir. “COVID-19 Pandemisinde Bilgi Kırılganlığı: Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Mülteciler.” Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences, vol. 31, no. 2, 2022, pp. 369-383. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2022.31.1110721


Vancouver

Ağalday B, Özdemir Mİ. COVID-19 Pandemisinde Bilgi Kırılganlığı: Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Mülteciler. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences [Internet]. 2 Dec. 2023 [cited 2 Dec. 2023];31(2):369-383. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2022.31.1110721 doi: 10.26650/siyasal.2022.31.1110721


ISNAD

Ağalday, Burak - Özdemir, Mehmetİhsan. “COVID-19 Pandemisinde Bilgi Kırılganlığı: Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Mülteciler”. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences 31/2 (Dec. 2023): 369-383. https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2022.31.1110721



ZAMAN ÇİZELGESİ


Gönderim28.04.2022
Kabul07.09.2022
Çevrimiçi Yayınlanma10.10.2022

LİSANS


Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)

This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.


PAYLAŞ




İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, uluslararası yayıncılık standartları ve etiğine uygun olarak, yüksek kalitede bilimsel dergi ve kitapların yayınlanmasıyla giderek artan bilimsel bilginin yayılmasına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları açık erişimli, ticari olmayan, bilimsel yayıncılığı takip etmektedir.