CHAPTER


DOI :10.26650/B/SS46.2021.008.11   IUP :10.26650/B/SS46.2021.008.11    Full Text (PDF)

The New Extension of the Divergence Of Opinions With Greece in the Aegean Sea: Eastern Mediterranean and International Law

Ayşe Nur Tütüncü

Although determining maritime borders is not a new phenomenon, it has become an important element of state practices in modern maritime law. At first glance, even if the current problem in the Eastern Mediterranean seems to be natural gas exploration, the roots of the problem are much deeper; the actual problem lies in the revival of an ongoing conflict between Turkey and Greece within a new context. Greece has now brought its arguments regarding the Aegean Sea, which it has defended since the early 1970s, into the arena of the Eastern Mediterranean. Furthermore, the dispute between Greece and Turkey in this region is based on a difference of opinion on maritime jurisdiction. Recently discovered oil and natural gas resources in the Eastern Mediterranean raised the issue of equitable sharing of these resources among coastal states; this struggle for equitable sharing is directly related to the laws delimiting maritime areas. Although international agreements among nations have delimited maritime jurisdictions in writing, the law still contains gaps. However, given that the law is shaped by state practices and international court decisions, it develops rapidly. As of today, Turkey has not signed an international treaty with Greece that would resolve the problems of maritime jurisdiction areas on the Aegean Sea, and now, the recent discovery of natural resources in the Eastern Mediterranean is making matters much more complicated regarding the ongoing territorial waters and continental shelf problems with Greece on the Aegean Sea. Initiatives and actions carried out by Greece, and by the Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus since 2003 disregarding Turkey in violation of international laws also have a negative effect. In this article, these problems will be examined and evaluated in terms of international law.


DOI :10.26650/B/SS46.2021.008.11   IUP :10.26650/B/SS46.2021.008.11    Full Text (PDF)

Yunanistan ile Ege Denizi’nde Yaşanan Görüş Ayrılıklarının Yeni Uzantısı Doğu Akdeniz ve Uluslararası Hukuk

Ayşe Nur Tütüncü

Deniz sınırlarının belirlenmesi, yeni bir olgu olmasa da modern deniz hukukunda devlet uygulamalarının önemli bir unsuru haline gelmiştir. Doğu Akdeniz açısından yaşanan sorunun mevcut nedeni gaz araştırması olarak görünse de kökleri çok daha derinlerde yatmaktadır. Burada aslında söz konusu olan, Yunanistan ile Türkiye arasında uzun süredir devam eden bir uyuşmazlığın yeni bir bağlamda canlanmasıdır. Yunanistan Ege Denizi’nde 1970’li yılların başından beri savunduğu tezini şimdi Doğu Akdeniz’e taşımıştır. Türkiye ve Yunanistan arasında burada yaşanan anlaşmazlığın temelinde, deniz yetki alanlarına yönelik bir görüş ayrılığı bulunmaktadır. Doğu Akdeniz’de yakın zamanda keşfedilen petrol ve doğalgaz, bu denize kıyıdaş devletlerin hakkaniyete uygun paylaşımı meselesini beraberinde getirmiştir. Aslında bu paylaşım mücadelesi doğrudan deniz alanlarının sınırlandırılması hukuku ile ilgilidir. Uluslararası deniz yetki alanlarının sınırlandırılması hukuku, devletler tarafından uluslararası andlaşmalar aracılığıyla yazılı hale getirilmiş olmakla birlikte, içerisinde hukuki boşluklar da ihtiva etmektedir. Bununla birlikte, bu hukuk devlet uygulamaları ve uluslararası mahkeme kararlarıyla şekillenmekte ve hızla gelişme göstermektedir. Türkiye, Ege Denizi’nde Yunanistan’la bugüne kadar deniz yetki alanlarının sınırlandırmasına dair yaşadığı sorunlara çözüm getirecek bir uluslararası andlaşmaya imza koymamıştır. Dolayısıyla, Ege Denizi’nde Yunanistan’la süregelen karasuları ve kıta sahanlığı sorunu, Doğu Akdeniz’de son dönemde keşfedilen doğal kaynaklara yönelik sınırlandırma sorununa eklenmiş, Doğu Akdeniz’deki deniz yetki alanlarının sınırlandırılması sorununu adeta içinden çıkılmaz karmaşık bir hale getirmiştir. Bu sorunun karmaşık hale gelmesinde Yunanistan ve Güney Kıbrıs Rum Yönetimi’nin 2003 yılından bu yana Türkiye’yi hesaba katmaksızın yürüttükleri uluslararası hukuka aykırı girişim ve eylemlerinin de olumsuz etkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu yazıda bu sorunlar irdelenerek uluslararası hukuk açısından değerlendirilecektir.



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