References

• ABD’nin Bile Çıkar Alanı Geniş Karadeniz Bölgesi Iken Türkiye’nin Asya Yönelimi Zorunluluktur [US Interests Even of The Wider Black Sea Region Of Turkey, While Asian Orientation Is A Necessity]. Sputnik. Retrieved from https://tr.sputniknews.com/columnists/201908081039881781-abdnin-bile-cikar-alani-genis-karadeniz-bolgesi-iken-turkiyenin-asya-yonelimi-zorunluluktur-yeniden-asya/ (Date of Access: 28.08.2019) google scholar
• Akçalı, E. & Perinçek, M. (2009). Kemalist Eurasianism: An Emerging Geopolitical Discourse in Turkey. Geopolitics, 14(3), 550-569. google scholar
• Akçura, Y. (2015). Üç Tarz-ı Siyaset [Three Styles of Politics]. Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat. google scholar
• Akıllı, E. (2013). Turkey’s Illusions of Neo-Eurasianism and Interest in Shanghai Cooperation Organization. CESRAN International. Retrieved from https://cesran.org/turkeys-illusions-of-neo-eurasianismand-interest-inshanghai- cooperation-organization.html google scholar
• Aktürk, Ş. (2015). The Fourth Style of Politics: Eurasianism as a Pro-Russian Rethinking of Turkey’s Geopolitical Identity. Turkish Studies, 16(1), 54-79. google scholar
• Bassin, M. (2008). Eurasianism ‘Classical’ and ‘Neo’: The Lines of Continuity. Beyond the Empire: Images of Russia in the Eurasian Cultural Context. (Tetsuo Mochizuki ed.), Slavic Eurasian studies, No:17, Sapporo: Slavic Research Centre. google scholar
• Bassin, M. (2015). Narrative Kulikovo. Lev Gumilev, Russian Nationalists, and the Troubled Emergence of Neo-Eurasianism. In Mark Bassin, Sergey Glebov, & Marlene Laruelle (Eds). Between Europe and Asia. The Origins, Theories, and Legacies of Russian Eurasianism. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. google scholar
• Bassin, M. (1991). Russia Between Europe and Asia: The Ideological Construction of Geographical Space. Slavic Review, 5^(1), 1-17. google scholar
• Bassin, M., Glebov, S., Laruelle, M. (Eds). (2015). Between Europe and Asia: The Origins, Theories, and Legacies of Russian Eurasianism. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. google scholar
• Berdyaev, N. (1948). The Russian Idea. New York: Macmillan Company. google scholar
• Bespalov, A. (2019). Povorot Rossii Na Vostok: Ojidaniya I Real’nost’. [Russia’s Turn to the East: Expectations and Realities]. Valdai. Retrieved from http://ru.valdaiclub.com/a/highlights/povorot-rossii-na-vostok-ozhidaniya-i-realnost/ google scholar
• Cohen, F. S. (2018). Who Is Responsible for the New US-Russian Cold War? The Nation, Retrieved from https:// www.thenation.com/article/who-is-responsible-for-the-new-us-russian-cold-war/ google scholar
• Çavuşoğlu, M. ‘Yeniden Asya’ Açılımını Duyurdu. [Çavuşoğlu Announced The ‘Asia Again’ Initiative].Yeni Şafak. Retrieved from https://www.yenisafak.com/dunya/yeniden-asya-acilimi-3501093 google scholar
• Davutoğlu, A. (2011). Stratejik Derinlik. Türkiyenin Uluslararası Konumu [Strategic Depth. Turkey’s International Position]. İstanbul: Küre Yayınları. google scholar
• Dugin, A. (2015). Last War of the World-Island. The Geopolitics of Contemporary Russia. London: Arktos google scholar
• Dugin, A. (2000). Osnovı Geopolitiki [Foundations of Geopolitics]. Moskova, Rusya: Arktogeya. google scholar
• Dugin, A. (2014). Eurasian Mission. An Introduction to Neo-Eurasianism. London, UK: Arktos. google scholar
• Dutkevich, P. (2019). Rossia Pered Vizivami Evraziyskoy Regionalizatsii [Russia Facing the Challenges Of Eurasian Regionalization]. Valdai. Retrieved from http://ru.valdaiclub.com/a/highlights/rossiya-pered-vyzovami-evraziyskoy-regionalizatsii/ google scholar
• Erşen, E. (2011). Turkey and Russia: An emerging ‘Strategic Axis’ in Eurasia? EurOrient, 35(36), 263-85. google scholar
• Erşen, E. (2013). The Evolution of ‘Eurasia’ as a Geopolitical Concept in Post-Cold War Turkey. Geolpolitics, 18(1), 24-40. google scholar
• Erşen, E. (2017 a). The Transatlantic Dimension of Turkey’s Strategic Rapprochement with Russia: The Turkish google scholar
• Erşen, E. (2017 b). Geopolitical Traditions in Turkey: Turkish Eurasianism. In Bassin, M. & Pozo, G. (Ed.). The Politics of Eurasianism: Identity, Popular Culture and Russia’s Foreign Policy. London: Rowman and Littlefield. google scholar
• Eurasia. In Mark Bassin, Sergey Glebov, & Marlene Laruelle (Eds). Between Europe and Asia. The Origins, Theories, and Legacies of Russian Eurasianism. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. google scholar
• Flockhart, T. (2016). The Coming Multi-Order World, Contemporary Security Policy, 37(1), 3-30. google scholar
• Frappi, C. (2018). The Russo-Turkish Entente: A Tactical Embrace Along Strategic and Geopolitical Convergences. pp. 45-70. In Valeria Talbot (Ed) (2018), Turkey: Towards a Eurasian Shift? Milano: ISPI google scholar
• Glebov, S. (2015). N. S. Trubetskoi’s Europe and Mankind and Eurasianist Antievolutionism. One Unknown Source. pp 48-67. In Mark Bassin, Sergey Glebov, & Marlene Laruelle (Eds). Between Europe and Asia. The Origins, Theories, and Legacies of Russian Eurasianism. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press google scholar
• Gumilev, L. N. (2008). Ot Rusi do Rossii. Ocherki etnicheskoy istorii. [From Russia to Russia. Essays on Ethnic History]. Moscow: Ayris Press. google scholar
• Güneş, A. (2012). Dilemmas of Eurasianism as an Alternative Policy for Turkey. International Journal of Turcologia, 7(14), 45-64 . google scholar
• Imanbeyli, V. (2008). Klasik Avrasyacılık: Rus Medeniyet Kimliği İnşası. [Classical Eurasianism: Building a Russian Civilization Identity] Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 35(1), 1-9. google scholar
• Imanbeyli, V. (2015). ‘Failed Exodus’: Dugin’s Networks in Turkey. In M. Laruelle (Ed.) Eurasianism and the European Far Right: Reshaping the Europe- Russia Relationship. Lanham, MD: Lexington google scholar
• In Mark Bassin, Sergey Glebov, & Marlene Laruelle (Eds) (2015). Between Europe and Asia. The Origins, Theories, and Legacies of Russian Eurasianism. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press google scholar
• İsmayılov, M. (2011). Avrasyacılık: Mukayeseli Bir Okuma: Türkiye ve Rusya Örneği. [Eurasianism: A Comparative Reading: The Case of Turkey and Russia] Ankara: Doğu Batı Yayınları. google scholar
• Karaganov, S. (2018 b). K Velikomu Okeanu. [To the great ocean] Izvestiya.https://iz.ru/784883/sergeikaraganov/ kvelikomu-okeanu google scholar
• Karaganov, S. (2015). Evroaziatskii Vykhod Iz Evropeiskogo Krizisa. [Eurasian Way Out of the European Crisis]. Russia in Global Affairs. Retrieved from https://globalaffairs.ru/number/Evroaziatskii-vykhod-iz-evropeiskogo-krizisa-17641 Karaganov, S. (2017). Ot povorota na Vostok k Bolshoi Evrazii. [From Eastward Shift to Greater Eurasia]. Russia in Global Affairs. Retrieved from https://globalaffairs.ru/pubcol/ Ot-povorota-na-Vostok-k-Bolshoi-Evrazii-18739 google scholar
• Karaganov, S. (2018 a). My İscherpali Evropeyskuyu Kladovuyu. [We Have Run Out of European Pantry]. Kommersant. Retrieved from https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3719327 google scholar
• Karaganov, S. (2019). The New Cold War and The Emerging Greater Eurasia. google scholar
• Karasar, H. A. (2008). Türk Dış Politikasında Batı’ya Alternatif Arayışları: Avrasyacılık Örneği. [Seeking an Alternative to the West in Turkish Foreign Policy: The Case of Eurasianism] Demokrasi Platformu, 4(13), 117-128. google scholar
• Karpat, K. (2004). Studies on Turkish Politics and Society, Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV google scholar
• Khlebnikov, A. (2018). A Russian Pivot to Asia? The National Interest, Retrieved from https://nationalinterest. org/feature/russian-pivot-asia-34892 google scholar
• Kissinger, H. (2014). World Order. Penguin Press: New York. google scholar
• Kortunov, A. (2016). Seven Phantoms of the Russia’s Policy toward the European Union. google scholar
• Krauthammer, C. (1990). The Unipolar Moment. Foreign Affairs, 70(1), 23-33. google scholar
• Laruelle, M. (2008). Russian Eurasianism: An Ideology of Empire. Washington DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press. google scholar
• Laruelle, M. (2015a). Postface. The Paradoxical Legacy of Eurasianism in Contemporary google scholar
• Laruelle, M. (2015b). Conceiving the Territory. Eurasianism as a Geographical Ideology. Pp. 68-83. google scholar
• Lewis, D. (2018). Geopolitical Imaginaries in Russian Foreign Policy: The Evolution of ‘Greater Eurasia’. Europe-Asia Studies, 70(10), 1612-1637. google scholar
• Lisanin, M. (2017). Possibilities of Assessing the Changing Nature of International Politics in the Coming Multi-Order World. Croatian Political Science Review, 54(4), 143-160. google scholar
• Macaes, B. (2018). The Dawn of Eurasia. On the Trail of the New World Order. Yale Univeristy Press; New Haven and London. google scholar
• Mankoff, J. (2015). Russia’s Asia Pivot: Confrontation or Cooperation? Asia Policy, 19(1), 65-88. google scholar
• Miller, A. & Lukyanov, F. (2018). Otstranennost Vmesto Konfrontatsii: Post-Evropeyskaya Rossiya V Poiskah Samoidentichnosti. [Detachment Instead of Confrontation: Post-European Russia In Search Of Self-Identity] Russian Council on Foreign and Defense Policy. Retrieved from http://svop.ru/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/ miller_lukyanov_rus.pdf google scholar
• Morozova, N. (2009). Geopolitics, Eurasianism and Russian Foreign Policy Under Putin. Geopolitics, 14(4), 667-686. google scholar
• Ot Lissabona Do Singapura: Poisk Tochek Soprikosnoveniya V Evrazii 21 Veka [From Lisbon To Singapore: Searching for Common Grounds In 21st Century Eurasia] Valdai. September 2017. http://ru.valdaiclub.com/ events/posts/articles/ot-lissabona-do-singapura-evraziya-xxi-veka/ google scholar
• Öniş, Z. & Kutlay, M. (2017). Global Shifts and the Limits of the EU’s in the European Periphery: Comparative Perspectives from Hungary and Turkey. Government and Opposition, 54(2), 226-253. google scholar
• Paderina, S. (2019). Da, Yevraziytsy - Mi? Povorot Rossii K Vostoku Za Natsional’noy Identichnost’yu.[Yes, Eurasians - Are We? The Turn of Russia To The East For National Identity] Russian Council On Foreign Affairs. Retrieved from https://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/columns/postsoviet/da-evraziytsy-my-povorot-rossii-k-vostoku-za-natsionalnoy-identichnostyu/?sphrase_id=31449146 google scholar
• Paikin, Z. (2019). Novaya Paradigma Dlya Bolşoy Evrazii. [New Paradigm for Greater Eurasia]. Russian Council on Foreign Affairs. Retrieved from https://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/novaya-paradigma-dlya-bolshoy-evrazii/ google scholar
• Perspective. pp. 203-216. In Sasha Toperich, Aylin Ünver Noi (Eds). Turkey and Transatlantic Relations. Washington, DC: Center for Transatlantic Relations. google scholar
• Putin, V.V. (2005). Speech at the Meeting Dedicated to The 1000th Anniversary of Kazan. Retrieved from http:// www.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/23138 google scholar
• Putin, V.V. (2007). Speech at the meeting dedicated to the 450th anniversary of the entry of Bashkiria into Russia. Retrieved from http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/24590 google scholar
• Putin, V.V. (2017). International Forum “One Belt, One Road”. Retrieved from http://www.kremlin.ru/events/ president/news/54491 google scholar
• Rolland, N. (2019). A China-Russia Condominium over Eurasia. Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, 61(1), 7-22. google scholar
• Romanova, T. (2018). Russia’s Neo-revisionist Challenge to the Liberal International Order. The International Spectator, 53(1), 76-91. google scholar
• Russian International Affairs Council. Retrieved from http://russiancouncil.ru/en/analytics-and-comments/ analytics/sem-fantomov-rossiyskoy-politiki-v-otnoshenii-es/ google scholar
• Sakwa, R. (2015). Frontline Ukraine: Crisis in the Borderlands. London: I. B. Tauris google scholar
• Shlapentokh, D. (2015). The Ideological Framework of Early Post-Soviet Russia’s Relationship with Turkey: The Case of Alexander Dugin’s Eurasianism. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 18(3), 263-281. google scholar
• Stent, A. (2008). Reluctant Europeans: Three Centuries of Russian Ambivalence toward the West. pp. 393-441. In Robert Legvold (Ed). Russian Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century and the Shadow of the Past. New York: Columbia University Press. google scholar
• Svarin, D. (2015). Towards a Eurasian Axis? Russia And Turkey Between Cooperation and Competition. Global Affairs, 1(4-5), 381-398. google scholar
• Tanrısever, O. (2018). Discourses and Politics of Eurasianism in Turkey During The 2000s. pp. 13-34. In Valeria Talbot (Ed), Turkey: Towards a Eurasian Shift? Milano: ISPI. google scholar
• Tellal, E. (2005). Türk Dış Politikasında Avrasya Seçeneği.[ Eurasian Option in Turkish Foreign Policy] Uluslararası İlişkiler, 2(5). 49-70. google scholar
• Timofeev, I. (2018). Unbalanced Europe and the New Order in the OSCE Space. Moscow: Valdai Discussion Club. google scholar
• Tolz, V. (2015). The Eurasians and Liberal Scholarship of the Late Imperial Period Continuity and Change across the 1917 Divide. 27-47 In Mark Bassin, Sergey Glebov, & Marlene Laruelle (Eds). Between Europe and Asia. The Origins, Theories, and Legacies of Russian Eurasianism. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. google scholar
• Torbakov, I. (2015). Becoming Eurasian The Intellectual Odyssey of Georgii Vladimirovich Vernadsky. In Mark Bassin, Sergey Glebov, & Marlene Laruelle (Eds). Between Europe and Asia. The Origins, Theories, and Legacies of Russian Eurasianism. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. google scholar
• Torbakov, I. (2017). Neo-Ottomanism versus Neo-Eurasianism?: Nationalism and Symbolic Geography in Postimperial Turkey and Russia. Mediterranean Quarterly, 28(2), 125-145. google scholar
• Toward the Great Ocean - 6: People, History, Ideology, Education. Rediscovering the Identity, Valdai, 2018 Retrieved from http://valdaiclub.com/files/19357/ google scholar
• Trenin, D. (2017). Russia’s Evolving Grand Eurasia Strategy: Will It Work? Moscow: Carnegie Moscow Center. google scholar
• Trenin, D. (2013). Russia and the Rise of Asia. Moscow: Carnegie Moscow Center google scholar
• Trenin, D. (2014). Russia’s Breakout from the Post-Cold War System. The Drivers of Putin’s Course. Carnegie google scholar
• Moscow Center, Retrieved from http://carnegieendowment.org/files/CP_Trenin_Putin2014_web_Eng.pdf google scholar
• Trenin, D. (2015). From Greater Europe to Greater Asia? The Sino-Russian Entente, Carnegie Moscow Center, Retrieved from http://carnegie.ru/2015/04/09/from-greater-europe-to-greater-asia-sinorussian-entente-pub-59728 google scholar
• Trenin, D. (2016). Should We Fear Russia? Cambridge: Politic Press. google scholar
• Tüfekçi, Ö. (2012). Another Last Eurasianist: Davutoglu’s Eurasianist Rhetoric. Caucasus International, 2(3), 101-109. google scholar
• Tüysüzolu, G. (2014). Strategic Depth: A Neo-Ottomanist Interpretation of Turkish Eurasianism. Mediterranean Quarterly, 25(2), 86-104. google scholar
• Valdai. (2015, June). ‘Toward the Great Ocean-3: Creating Central Eurasia: The Silk Road Economic Belt and the Priorities of the Eurasian States’ Joint Development’. Valdai Discussion Club, Retrieved from: http:// valdaiclub.com/a/reports/toward_the_great_ocean_3_creating_central_eurasia/ google scholar
• Valiyeva, K. (2018). Central Asia at the Crossroads of Russian-Turkish Cooperation and Competition. pp. 181202. In Askarov A. (Ed.). Contemporary Russo-Turkish Relations: From Crisis to Cooperation. Maryland: Lexington Books. google scholar
• Vinokurov, E. (2013). Pragmaticheskoye Evraziystvo. [Pragmatic Eurasianism]. Russia in Global Affairs. google scholar
• Retrieved from https://globalaffairs.ru/number/Pragmaticheskoe-evraziistvo-15950 google scholar
• Wiederkehr, S. (2007). Eurasianism as a Reaction to Pan-Turkism. pp 39-60. In Dmitry Shlapentokh (Ed). Russia between East and West. Scholarly Debates on Eurasianism. Leiden-Boston: Brill. google scholar
• Zagorski, A. (2008). Multilateralism in Russian Foreign Policy Approaches. In Rowe, E.W. & Torjesen, S. (Eds). The Multilateral Dimension in Russian Foreign Policy. London: Routledge. google scholar