Covid-19 Pandemisinin Ekonomik, Toplumsal ve Siyasal Etkileri

EnglishTürkçe

CHAPTER


DOI :10.26650/B/SS46.2020.005.13   IUP :10.26650/B/SS46.2020.005.13    Full Text (PDF)

Pandemide Küresel Kentte Yaşamak: İstanbul’un Covıd-19 Deneyimi

Özgür Sayın, Veysel Bozkurt

Yeni tip koronavirüs olarak da bilinen COVID-19 ortaya çıktıktan sonra birkaç ay gibi çok kısa bir süre içinde küresel bir salgına dönüştü. Salgının yayılma rotası, vaka yoğunluğu, sosyoekonomik ve psikolojik sonuçları incelendiğinde, bu küreselliğin merkezinde küresel kentlerin yer aldığı görülmektedir. Bu gerçek, salgın sürecinde küresel bir kentte yaşıyor olmanın diğer kentlerde yaşamaktan farklı bir şey olduğunu düşündürtmektedir. Bu hipotezden hareketle, bu çalışma koronavirüs pandemisinin küresel kent sakinleri üzerindeki çeşitli etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Geniş kapsamlı bir veri setine dayanan çalışma dünyanın önemli küresel kentlerinden biri olan İstanbul’da yaşayan insanların koronavirüs sürecinde yaşadıkları ekonomik, sosyal ve psikolojik deneyimleri ve bu deneyimlerin ülkenin geri kalanından hangi açılardan farklılaştığını incelemektedir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, İstanbul’un koronavirüsün sosyal ve ekonomik etkilerini Türkiye’nin diğer şehirlerine göre daha derinden yaşadığını göstermiştir. Bununla beraber, bulgular daha düşük gelir ve/ veya eğitim seviyesine sahip kent sakinlerinin bu sürecin olumsuz etkilerini daha fazla hissettiği sonucunu vermektedir.


Keywords: Pandemi, küresel şehir, istanbul

References

  • ACI. (2019, February 5). World’s 20 busiest airports by Total Passenger Traffic. Airports Council International. Retrieved from https://aci.aero/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/2486_Top-20-Busiest-Airport_passenger_v3_ web.pdf google scholar
  • Acuto, M. (2020). COVID-19: Lessons for an urban(izing) world. One Earth, 2(4), 317–319. google scholar
  • Ali, H., & Keil, R. (2006). Global cities and the spread of infectious disease: The case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Toronto, Canada. Urban Studies, 43(3), 491–509. google scholar
  • Alirol, E., Getaz, L., Stoll, B., Chappuis, F., & Loutan, L. (2010). Urbanisation and infectious diseases in a globalised world. The Lancec İnfectious Disease, 10, 131–141. google scholar
  • Bartik, A. W., Bertrand, M., Cullen, Z., Glaeser, E., Luca, M., & Stanton, C. (2020). How are small businesses adjusting to Covid-19? Early evidence from a survey. Cambridge, UK: National Bureau of Economic Research. google scholar
  • Bhandari, A., & Verma, R. P. (2013). Strategic management: A conceptual framework. New Delhi, India: McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited. google scholar
  • Boyar, E., & Fleet, K. (2010). A Social history of Ottoman Istanbul. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Connolly, C., Keil, R., & Ali, H. (2020). Extended urbanisation and the spatialities of infectious disease: Demographic change, infrastructure and governance. Urban Studies, 1–19. google scholar
  • Crankshaw, O. (2017). Social polarization in global cities: measuring changes in earnings and occupational inequality. Regional Studies, 51(11), 1612–1621. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2016.1222072 google scholar
  • Csomós, G. (2017). Cities as command and control centres of the world economy: An empirical analysis, 2006- 2015. Bulletin of Geography, 38(38), 7–26. https://doi.org/10.1515/bog-2017-0031 google scholar
  • Cumhuriyet. (2020, Mart 25). ‘Evde Kal’ çağrısına İstanbul’un en çok hangi semtleri katıldı?. Cumhuriyet. Erişim adresi: https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/evde-kal-cagrisina-istanbulun-en-cok-hangi-semtlerikatildi-1729340 google scholar
  • Daily Sabah. (2020, April 2). Global cities now carry burden of coronavirus pandemic. Daily Sabah. Retrieved from https://www.dailysabah.com/world/global-cities-now-carry-burden-of-coronavirus-pandemic/ news google scholar
  • Derudder, B., & Taylor, P. J. (2019). Multiple geographies of global urban connectivity as measured in the interlocking network model. In T. Schwanen & R. van Kempen (Eds.), Handbook of Urban Geography (pp. 77–102). google scholar
  • Dorling, D. (2019). Inequality and the %1. London, UK and New York, NY: Verso. google scholar
  • ESPON. (2013). Territorial Dynamics in Europe Gateway: Gateway Functions in Cities. Luxembourg: ESPON Coordination Unit. google scholar
  • Fainstein, S. S. (2001). Inequality in global city-regions. DisP - The Planning Review, 37(144), 20–25. https:// doi.org/10.1080/02513625.2001.10556764 google scholar
  • Florida, R. (2020, May 1). Cities will survive the coronavirus. Foreign Policy. Retrieved from https:// foreignpolicy.com/2020/05/01/future-of-cities-urban-life-after-coronavirus-pandemic/ google scholar
  • Frank, T. (2020, May 8). Hardest-hit industries: Nearly half the leisure and hospitality jobs were lost in April. CNBC. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/08/these-industries-suffered-the-biggest-joblosses-in-april-2020.html google scholar
  • Friedmann, J. (1986). The world city hypothesis. Development and Change, 17(1), 69–83. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.1986.tb00231.x google scholar
  • GaWC. (2017). The World According to GaWC 2016. Retrieved from Globalization and World Cities Network website: http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2016t.html google scholar
  • Glanz, J., Carey, B., Holder, J., Watkins, D., Valentino-De-Vries, J., Rojas, R., & Leatherby, L. (2020, April 2). where America didn’t stay home even as the virus spread. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/04/02/us/coronavirus-social-distancing.html google scholar
  • Harris, A., & Keil, R. (. (2008). Networked disease: Emerging infections in the global city. Chichester, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. google scholar
  • Heng, Y.-K. (2013). A global city in an age of global risks: Singapore’s evolving discourse on vulnerability. ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute, 35(3), 423–446. google scholar
  • Keil, R., Connoly, C., & Ali, H. (2020, February 2017). Outbreaks like coronavirus start in and spread from the edges of cities. The Conversation. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/outbreaks-like-coronavirusstart-in-and-spread-from-the-edges-of-cities-130666 google scholar
  • McFarlane, C. (2009). Infrastructure, interruption, and inequality: urban life in the global South. In S. Graham (Ed), Disrupted cities: When ınfrastructure fails (s. 131–144). New York, NY and London, UK: Routledge. google scholar
  • NYC. (2020, May 10). COVID-19: Data. NYC.Gov. Retrieved from https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/COVID/ COVID-19-data.page google scholar
  • OAG (2019). The OAG Megahubs Index 2019, OAG Aviation Worldwide Ltd: Chicago. google scholar
  • Ortaylı, İ. (1986). İstanbul’dan Sayfalar, İstanbul: Hil Yayın. google scholar
  • Quealy, K. (2020, May 15). The richest neighborhoods emptied out most as coronavirus hit New York City. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/05/15/upshot/ who-left-newyork-coronavirus.html google scholar
  • Quinn, S. C., & Kumar, S. (2014). Health inequalities and infectious disease epidemics: A challenge for global health security. Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science, 12(5), 263–273. google scholar
  • Ruan, S., Wang, W., & Levin, S. (2006). The effect of global travel on the spread of SARS. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 3(1), 205–218. google scholar
  • Sassen, S. (1991). The Global city: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • Sassen, S. (2016). The global city: Enabling economic intermediation and bearing its costs. City and Community, 15(2), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12175 google scholar
  • Sassen, S. (2019). Cities in a World Economy, 5. Edition, Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. google scholar
  • Sparke, M., & Anguelov, D. (2020). Contextualizing coronavirus geographically. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. DOI: 10.1111/tran.12389 google scholar
  • Taylor, P. J. (1995). World cities and territorial states: the rise and fall of their mutuality. In P. L. Knox & P. J. Taylor (Eds.), World cities in a world-system (pp. 48–62). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Taylor, P. J. (2013), Extraordinary cities: Millennia of moral syndromes, world-systems and city/state relations, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. google scholar
  • Tanguay, G., & Lachapelle, U. (2020, May 10). Remote work worsens inequality by mostly helping highincome earners. The Conversation. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/remote-work-worsensinequality-by-mostly-helping-high-income-earners-136160 google scholar
  • Timberlake, M., Sanderson, M. R., Ma, X., Derudder, B., Winitzky, J., & Witlox, F. (2012). Testing a global city hypothesis: An assessment of polarization across US Cities. City and Community, 11(1), 74–93. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2011.01394.x google scholar
  • UCL. (2020, May 1). Bartlett Research suggests most London pavements are not wide enough for social distancing. UCL. Retrieved from https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/architecture/news/2020/may/ bartlettresearch-suggests-most-london-pavements-are-not-wide-enough-social-distancing google scholar
  • Valentine-DeVries, J., Lu, D., & Dance, G. (2020, April 3). Location data says it all: Staying at home during coronavirus is a luxury. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/ interactive/2020/04/03/us/coronavirus-stay-home-rich-poor.html google scholar
  • Varlık, N. (2015). Plague and empire in the early modern Mediterranean world: The Ottoman experience, 1347-1600. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Wolf, M. (2016). Rethinking urban epidemiology: Natures, networks and materialities. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 40(5), 958–982. google scholar


SHARE




Istanbul University Press aims to contribute to the dissemination of ever growing scientific knowledge through publication of high quality scientific journals and books in accordance with the international publishing standards and ethics. Istanbul University Press follows an open access, non-commercial, scholarly publishing.