CHAPTER


DOI :10.26650/B/SS10.2023.016.22   IUP :10.26650/B/SS10.2023.016.22    Full Text (PDF)

Finansal Gelişme ve Gelir Eşitsizliği: Türkiye İçin Yeni Bulgular

Betül MutlugünYeşim Erönal

Literatürde finansal gelişmenin toplumun daha geniş katmanlarının finansal kaynaklara erişimini kolaylaştırarak daha adil gelir dağılımını sağlayacağına vurgu yapılsa da son yaşanan finansal kriz bu durumun aksine işaret etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, eşitsizlik, finansal sektör ve iktisadi büyüme arasındaki bağlantıları daha iyi anlamak hem gelir eşitsizliğini azaltmada hem de yoksullukla mücadelede etkili politikaları uygulamak açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada Kuznets eğrisinin yeni bir yorumu olan ve kişi başına düşen gelirin dönüm noktasının finansal gelişmenin seviyesine bağlı olduğu durumu gösteren ters-U biçimindeki Finansal Kuznets eğrisi hipotezinin geçerliliği Türkiye için incelenmekte ve gelir eşitsizliğinin dinamikleri konusunda yeni kanıtlar sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Finansal gelişme ve gelir eşitsizliğine dair yapılan teorik varsayımlar ve ampirik araştırmalar eleştirel yönden ele alındıktan sonra çalışmanın ampirik kısmında bahsedilen ilişki Türkiye ekonomisi finansal sisteminde yapısal kırılmaların gerçekleştiği dönemi kapsayan 1980-2020 yılları arası için test edilmektedir. Daha spesifik olarak, finansal gelişme ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığı sınanmakta ve bu ilişkinin yönünde finansal gelişmenin farklı aşamalarında gerçekleşen ayrışmalar ortaya konmaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları finansal Kuznets eğrisi lehine kanıtlar içermektedir. Diğer bir deyişle, finansallaşma artarken gelir eşitsizliğinin artmakta olduğu, ancak belli bir eşik noktasını geçen finansallaşma endeksinin gelir eşitsizliğini azaltma eğiliminde olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.



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