Current Approaches, Solutions and Practices in Conservation of Cultural Heritage

EnglishTürkçe

CHAPTER


DOI :10.26650/B/AA9PS34.2024.006.018   IUP :10.26650/B/AA9PS34.2024.006.018    Full Text (PDF)

The Recycled Cork, A New Green Methodology for the Restoration of Wooden Artifacts:A Case of Application on the Polychrome Sculpture of Saint Anthony the Abbot From the Museum Colle Del Duomo in Viterbo

Fabiola Vitali, Cristina Caldi

In conservation and restoration of artifacts of historical-artistic interest, the criteria of environmental protection are mainly aimed at cleaning and consolidation operations. For structural rehabilitation interventions, the search for new materials is concentrated on improving epoxy resins, which are currently the most commonly used material for this purpose. Epoxy resins meet many of the requirements, reducing the search for new products and slowing down the experimenting with new materials for solving structural problems. However, epoxies do not meet the criteria for reducing environmental impact. This work investigates the possibility of using reused cork stoppers, especially those used for bottling wine, to develop an eco-sustainable plaster and create tessellations for wooden fissures. The study was applied to the wooden sculpture depicting Saint Anthony the Abbot from the Colle del Duomo Museum in Viterbo, thus, allowing to evaluate the characteristics of this material in terms of workability, drying times, color, and pictorial reintegration. The results obtained were positive and encourage the use of recycled cork plaster and dowelling, which not only meet the requirements for structural operations, but also those related to reducing environmental impact.


Keywords: Cork, cork dust, recycled cork, cork stoppers, structural rehabilitation of wooden sculpture

References

  • Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (2021). Progetto MAIA - “Materiali Avanzati in una Infrastruttura Aperta” Retrieved from: https://materiali.sostenibilita. enea.it/projects/maia google scholar
  • Amorim cork Italia (2011). Retrieved from: https://www.amorimcorkitalia.com/sughero-riciclo google scholar
  • Bento, M. F. S., Pereira, H., Cunha, M.A., Moutinho, A.M.C., van den Berg, K.J., Boon, J.J. (2001). A study of variability of suberin composition in cork from Quercus suber L. using thermally assisted transmethylation GC-MS,, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis Vol.57, pages 45-55. google scholar
  • Calore, R., Frizza L., Xaca-Camier, M., Rizzonelli, L., Stevanato, N.,Tisato, F. (2010). Aquazol 500. Una possibile alternativa ecocompatibile alla colla animale nella preparazione degli stucchi per il restauro dei dipinti. Testpreliminari per la stabilitâ, lavorabilitâ e comportamenti. [Aquazol 500. Apossible envi-ronmentally friendly alternative to animal glue in the preparation of stucco for the restoration of paintings. Preliminary tests for stability, workability and behaviors]. Proceedings of the congress "The final phases in the restoration of mobile polychrome works” Trento. google scholar
  • Ciatti, M., Castelli, C., Santacesaria, A. (2012). Dipinti su tavola. La tecnica e la conservazione dei supporti. [Panels paintings. The technique and conservation of support].Edizioni Firenze. Firenze, pages 180-181 google scholar
  • Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche, (2021). Al via il progetto “Nympha”: polisaccaridi di microalghe per il restauro di beni culturali. [The “Nympha” project is underway: microalgae polysaccharides for the restoration of cultural heritage]. Retrieved from: https://www.cnr.it/en/news/10561/al-via-il-progetto-nympha-polisacca-ridi-di-microalghe-per-il-restauro-di-beni-culturali. google scholar
  • De Luca, D., Borgioli, L., Burattini, S., Orsini, S.. (2013). Manufatti dipinti su struttura tessile: proposte di ma-teriali alternativi per la stuccatura delle lacune. Comportamento all'invecchiamento. [Artifacts painted on a textile structure: proposals for alternative materials for filling gaps. Aging behavior]. Kermes N°90, Nardini. google scholar
  • Galletti, G. C., Bocchini, P., Antonelli, A. (1996). Pyrolysis and thermally assisted hydrolysis methylation/Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry of sound and degraded wine bottle cork, in Rapid communication in mass spectroscopy, Vol.10. google scholar
  • Gil, L. (2009). Cork Composites: A Review. Journal Materials. 2, 776-789. Retrieved from: https://doi. org/10.3390/ma2030776 google scholar
  • Malavasic, T., Ğernilec, N., Mirceva, A., Osredkar, U. (1992). Synthesis and adhesiveproperties of somepolyu-rethane dispersions, International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, Vol 12, n°1, pages 38-42. google scholar
  • Megna, B., Romano, M., L., Pizzo, B., Rizzo, G. (2005). L’utilizzo delle cariche cellulosiche per migliorare la compatibilitâ con il legno [The use of cellulose fillers to improve compatibility with wood] in III IGIIC National Congress - The state of the art - Palermo. google scholar
  • Mestre, A., Gil, L. (2011). Cork for Sustainable Product Design, Ciencia & Tecnologia dos Materiais, Vol. 23, n.° 3Av Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234015112_A_Cork_for_SuStainable_ProduCt_deSign google scholar
  • Natividade, J.V. (1956). Subericulture. Ecole Nationale et Forets, Nancy. google scholar
  • Novoa, P.J.R.O., Ribeiro, M.C.S., Ferreira, A.J.M., Marques, A.T. (2004). Mechanical characterization of ligh-tweight polymer mortar modified with cork granulates, Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 64, Issues 13-14, October 2004, Pages 2197-2205 Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.03.006 google scholar
  • Oliveira, V., Pereira, H. (2021). Cork and Cork stoppers: Quality and Performance. In Chemistry and Bioche-mistry of Winemaking, Wine Stabilization and Aging. Chapter 10. plntechOpen. London Retrieved from: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/72229 google scholar
  • Palmas, M., Del Pin, B. (1988). Un metodo per trovare un modello di bosco normale e sostenibile a Quercia da sughero. [ A method to find a normal and sustainable forest model in cork oak.]. Cagliari. google scholar
  • Pereira, H., (1988). Chemical composition and variability ofcork from Quercus suber L., in Wood Science and Technology Vol. 22, pages 211-218. google scholar
  • Safa H., Mohamed, A. (2019). A new mixture of hydroxypropyl cellulose and nanocellulose for wood consolida-tion, Journal of Cultural Heritage, Vol. 35, January-February 2019, Pages 140-144. google scholar
  • Six, T., Feigenbaum, A. Riquet, A.M. (2003). Mechanism of migration from agglomerated cork stoppers. Part 2: Safety Assessment Criteria of agglomerated cork stoppers for champagne wine cork producers, for users and for control laboratories. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.10230 google scholar
  • Tola, A. (2012). Innovazione tecnologica, eco-sostenibilita e sviluppo competitivo nel settore del sughero. [Te-chnological innovation, eco-sustainability and competitive development in the cork sector]. Franco Angeli, Milano. google scholar
  • Various authors. (2009). L’innovazione per un restauro sostenibile.[Innovation for sustainable restoration]. google scholar
  • Ferrara Exhibition Center Exhibition of the Art of Restoration and Conservation of Cultural and Environmental Heritage. 25-28 march, Ferrara. Retrieved from: https://www.beniculturali.it/mibac/multimedia/MiBAC/ documents/1237544439111_OpuscoloFerrara2009.pdf google scholar
  • Various authors. (2021). I° Conference on Crystallography, Structural Chemistry and Biosystems, 4-6 october, Catania. google scholar
  • V iti, V., Borgioli, L., De Luca D., Sabatini, L. (2011). Restoration of lacunae on textile heritage: proposal of alternate material, Multinational congress on microscopy, Urbino. google scholar
  • V . Viti. (2011). La reintegrazione delle lacune dei dipinti su tela: proposta e sperimentazione di materiali inno-vativi. [The reintegration of the gaps of the paintings on canvas: proposal and experimentation of innovative materials]. Thesis. google scholar
  • V ohra, M., Manwar, J., Manmode, R., Padgilwar, S., Patil, S. (2014). Bioethanol production: Feedstock and current technologies, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue 1, March 2014, Pages 573-584. google scholar
  • Yococu, Green Rescue. Retrieved from: https://www.yococu.com/it/prodotti/green-rescue/ google scholar
  • Z hao, J., Xu, Y., Wang, Griffin, W., J., Roozeboom, Wang, K.D. (2020). Bioconversion of industrial hemp biomass for bioethanol production: A review. Fuel, Vol. 281. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. fuel.2020.118725 google scholar


SHARE




Istanbul University Press aims to contribute to the dissemination of ever growing scientific knowledge through publication of high quality scientific journals and books in accordance with the international publishing standards and ethics. Istanbul University Press follows an open access, non-commercial, scholarly publishing.