CHAPTER


DOI :10.26650/B/SS32.2022.04.08   IUP :10.26650/B/SS32.2022.04.08    Full Text (PDF)

Memory Research on Pilots

Ezgi YıldızFerhat AyyıldızAslı Beyhan Acarİlknur Özalp TüretgenGöklem TekdemirPınar ÜnsalSimge Şişman Bal

Memory, the ability to store, maintain, and retrieve information, is an essential factor in pilot performance in the cockpit. A routine flight requires pilots' memory activation during take-off and landing, taking commands from the air traffic controller, and executing the correct action at the right time. Likewise, pilots need to remember and retrieve accurate information in case of an emergency or unexpected situation to avoid negative consequences and aviation disasters. It is well established that the memory performance of pilots is related to their expertise, their age, and environmental factors. Also, there is rich literature linking pilots' advanced memory functions with their flight performance, situation awareness, and training success. However, the differences and similarities of previous studies and how the aviation industry may benefit from them have not been discussed before. Hence, this chapter aims to review research studies focusing on pilots' short- and long-term memory, working memory, and also prospective memory skills. We will briefly summarize the research studies and provide assumptions that can be inferred from the studies. Furthermore, the memory tasks used in research and pilot selection settings will be discussed. Finally, we will provide suggestions for future research and how the aviation industry can implement this information to the pilot selection procedures, minimize environmental factors deteriorating memory performance, and design intervention and support programs accordingly.


DOI :10.26650/B/SS32.2022.04.08   IUP :10.26650/B/SS32.2022.04.08    Full Text (PDF)

Pilotlarda Bellek Araştırmaları

Ezgi YıldızFerhat AyyıldızAslı Beyhan Acarİlknur Özalp TüretgenGöklem TekdemirPınar ÜnsalSimge Şişman Bal

Bilgileri kodlama, depolama ve geri getirme kapasitesi olarak tanımlanan bellek, pilotların uçuş performanslarını etkileyen temel faktörlerden biridir. Pilotların bellek süreçleri, rutin bir uçuş esnasında, örneğin uçağı kaldırırken ve indirirken, hava trafik kontrolöründen komut alırken ve bu komutları doğru zamanda yerine getirirken, sürekli aktif haldedir. Rutin bir uçuş sürecinin yanı sıra, acil veya beklenmedik bir durum halinde pilotların gerçekleştirilmesi gereken aksiyonları hatırlaması, olumsuz sonuçların önlenmesi açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Pilotların bellek performanslarının, yaş ve tecrübe gibi bireysel faktörler kadar çevresel faktörlerle de ilişkili olduğu araştırmacılar tarafından kanıtlanmıştır. Ayrıca, araştırmalar bellek testlerinde daha iyi performans göstermenin durum farkındalığı, eğitim başarısı ve uçuş performansı ile bağlantılı olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak, pilotlar ile yapılan bellek araştırmalarını ve bu araştırmalardan çıkarılabilecek sonuçları derleyen ve havacılık endüstrisinin bu araştırmalardan nasıl yararlanabileceği tartışan bir çalışma henüz bulunmamaktadır. Alan yazındaki bu boşluğu doldurmak amacıyla, bu bölümde pilotların kısa ve uzun süreli bellek, çalışma belleği ve ayrıca ileriye dönük/ prospektif bellek becerilerine odaklanan araştırmalar gözden geçirilerek kısaca özetlenmiş, bu çalışmalardan ulaşılabilecek sonuçlar tartışılmıştır. Ayrıca, araştırmalarda ve pilot seçim süreçlerinde kullanılan bellek görevleri incelenerek okuyucuya tanıtılmıştır. Son olarak, gelecek araştırmalar için öneriler sunularak havacılık sektörünün bu araştırmalardan elde edilen bilgileri pilot seçim süreçlerine nasıl dâhil edebilecekleri, pilotların bellek performansını etkileyen faktörleri nasıl kontrol altına alabilecekleri tartışılmış ve bu doğrultuda tasarlanabilecek müdahale ve destek programlarından bahsedilmiştir.



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