Nursing and Ethics

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DOI :10.26650/B/CH17CH24.2024.002.09   IUP :10.26650/B/CH17CH24.2024.002.09    Full Text (PDF)

Ethics in Surgical Nursing: History, Development and Importance

Yasemin Uslu, Emre Kuğu

Ethics in surgical nursing has been shaped according to the social needs of the individual, family, and society, changes in demographic structure, social beliefs, and values. While in the past surgical care focused on the physiological needs of the injured individual, today surgical care has changed and developed in parallel with scientific developments in this field and the philosophy of holistic approach and ethical issues. To understand the development of ethics in surgery, it is first necessary to understand the nature of surgery. The history of surgical ethics parallels the history of medical ethics and nursing ethics. Humans have been practicing surgical interventions for thousands of years, but it is only recently that surgical ethical principles and responsibilities have been fully defined and implemented. Ethics in surgical nursing states that the patient should benefit from surgical interventions and no harm should be caused, the autonomy of the individual should be respected during the applications and a fair approach should be taken to the patients. The benefit includes the principle of acting in the best interests of the individual. Do no harm aims to protect life and bodily integrity and to minimize the risk of surgical intervention. Nonmaleficence aims to protect life and bodily integrity and to minimize the risk of surgical intervention. Autonomy means that the surgical patient has the freedom to make decisions about his/her own health status and the interventions to be made on his/her body. The concept of justice in surgical care includes the need for equality in access to health services and a fair approach to the distribution and management of services. Due to the nature of the surgery, within the scope of ethical principles, especially informed patient consent/permission and the advocacy role of the nurse come to the fore. The surgical nurse should plan care in such a way that the individual will benefit the most and suffer the least harm. While making this plan, it should be shaped in a way that respects the autonomy of the individual, ensures justice, and defends the rights of the individual for his/her benefit. These roles and responsibilities should be fulfilled by following the steps of ethical analysis consisting of diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.


Keywords: Surgical nursing, surgical care, ethics in surgery, ethical values, advocacy
DOI :10.26650/B/CH17CH24.2024.002.09   IUP :10.26650/B/CH17CH24.2024.002.09    Full Text (PDF)

Cerrahi̇ Hemşi̇reli̇ği̇nde Eti̇k: Tari̇hçesi̇, Geli̇şi̇mi̇ ve Önemi̇

Yasemin Uslu, Emre Kuğu

Cerrahi hemşireliğinde etik; birey, aile ve toplumun sosyal gereksinimleri, demografik yapısındaki değişimleri, toplumsal inanç ve değerlerine göre şekillenmiştir. Geçmiş dönemlerde cerrahi bakım, yaralanan bireyin fizyolojik gereksinimlerine odaklanırken, günümüzde cerrahi alandaki bilimsel gelişmeler ve bütüncül yaklaşım felsefesi ile etik konularla da paralel olarak değişim ve gelişim göstermiştir. Cerrahide etiğin gelişimini anlamak için, öncelikle cerrahinin doğasını anlamak gerekmektedir. Cerrahi etiğin tarihçesi, tıp etiğinin ve hemşirelik etiğinin tarihçesi ile paralellik göstermektedir. İnsanların cerrahi girişimleri binlerce yıldır uyguladığı, ancak cerrahi etik ilke ve sorumlulukların tam olarak tanımlanması ve uygulanmaya başlaması daha yakın tarihlere dayanmaktadır. Cerrahi hemşireliğinde etik, hastaya cerrahi girişimlerden yarar görmesini ve herhangi bir zarar verilmemesini, uygulamalar sırasında bireyin özerkliğine saygı duyulmasını ve hastalara adaletli bir yaklaşım sergilenmesi gerekliliğini belirtmektedir. Yarar sağlama, kişinin en iyi çıkarları gözetilerek hareket etme prensibini içermektedir. Zarar vermeme, yaşamın ve beden bütünlüğünün korunmasını ve cerrahi girişimin en az riskle sonuçlanmasını amaçlamaktadır. Özerklik, cerrahi hastasının kendi sağlık durumuna ve bedenine yapılacak müdahalelere ilişkin karar verme özgürlüğüne sahip olmasıdır. Cerrahi bakımda adalet kavramı sağlık hizmetlerine erişimde eşitlik, hizmetlerin dağıtımı, yönetimi için adil bir yaklaşım gerekliliğini kapsamaktadır. Cerrahinin doğası gereği, etik ilkeler kapsamında özellikle aydınlatılmış hasta rızası/onam ve hemşirenin savunucu rolü ön plana çıkmaktadır. Cerrahi hemşiresi, bireyin en fazla yarar sağladığı ve en az zarar göreceği şekilde bakımını planlamalıdır. Bu planlamayı yaparken; bireyin özerkliğine saygı göstererek, adaleti sağlayarak ve bireyin hakkını onun yararına savunacak biçimde şekillendirmelidir. Bu rol ve sorumlulukları, etik karar verme adımlarını takip ederek yerine getirmelidir.


Keywords: Cerrahi hemşireliği, cerrahi bakım, cerrahide etik, etik ilke ve değerler, savunuculuk

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