Organ Transplantation and Ethics

Organ donation is a global problem all over the world. Life expectancy is getting longer with the developments in health and technological fields. Although the number of organ transplant waiting lists is increasing day by day with the prolongation of life expectancy, the number of transplants can not meet this demand. The important reason for organ restriction is the insufficient level of donations. The limited number of donations; access to organs, distribution, and pre- and post-transplant processes can cause many ethical problems. The low number of donations made from a dead donor may increase the need for transplantation from a living donor. Live donation, which is realized by the removal of an organ, especially from a healthy individual; may adversely affect the physiological and psychological health of the person in the short and/or long term after transplantation. For this reason, transplantations from living donors may confront all health professionals, especially nurses who are involved in all stages of the transplantation process, with many ethical problems. There are various laws and regulations regarding organ transplantation to avoid ethical problems and complete the transplantation process successfully. However, these laws and regulations do not always prevent the ethical problems experienced during the transplantation process. Nurses are the professional group who take part in all processes of organ transplantation and have important responsibilities. In this section, all the processes in the organ transplantation process; autonomy, voluntariness, benefit, non-harming, justice, honesty, confidentiality, and moral distress have been discussed and explained in a comprehensive way within the framework of nursing ethical codes.

Keywords: Organ transplantation, ethics, nurse, nursing ethics codes

DOI :10.26650/B/CH17CH24.2024.002.13 IUP :10.26650/B/CH17CH24.2024.002.13 Full Text (PDF)

Organ Nakli̇ ve Eti̇k

Yaprak Sarıgöl Ordin, Buket Çelik

Organ bağışı tüm dünyada global bir problemdir. Sağlık ve teknolojik alanlardaki gelişmelerle yaşam süresi uzamaktadır. Yaşam süresinin uzaması ile organ nakli bekleme listesindeki sayı her geçen gün artış göstermesine rağmen yapılan nakil sayısı bunu karşılayamamaktadır. Organ kısıtlılığının en büyük nedeni bağışların yeterli düzeyde olmamasıdır. Bağışların sınırlı sayıda olması; organlara erişim, dağıtım, nakil öncesi ve sonrası tüm süreçlerde pek çok etik sorunların ortaya çıkmasına neden olabilmektedir. Ölü vericiden yapılan bağış sayısının az olması canlı vericiden nakil yapılma gereksiniminin artmasına yol açabilmektedir. Özellikle sağlıklı bir bireyin organın alınmasıyla gerçekleşen canlı vericilik; kişinin nakil sonrası kısa ve/veya uzun dönemde fizyolojik ve psikolojik sağlıklarını olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Bu nedenle canlı vericiden yapılan nakiller tüm sağlık profesyonellerini özellikle nakil sürecinin tüm aşamalarında yer alan hemşireleri pek çok etik sorunla karşı karşıya getirebilmektedir. Etik sorunların yaşanmaması ve nakil sürecinin başarılı bir şekilde tamamlanması amacıyla organ nakline yönelik çeşitli yasa ve yönetmelikler bulunmaktadır. Ancak bu yasa ve yönetmelikler her zaman nakil sürecinde yaşanan etik sorunların önüne geçememektedir. Organ naklinin tüm süreçlerinde görev alan ve önemli sorumlulukları bulunan meslek grubu hemşirelerdir. Bu bölümde organ nakli sürecinde yaşanan tüm süreçler; özerklik, gönüllük, yarar sağlama, zarar vermeme, adalet, dürüstlük, gizlilik ve ahlaki sıkıntı olan hemşirelik etik kodları çerçevesinde kapsamlı bir şekilde tartışılarak açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Keywords: Organ nakli, etik, hemşire, hemşirelik etik kodları, transplantasyon hemşireliği

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Nursing and Ethics

CHAPTER

Organ Transplantation and Ethics

Organ Nakli̇ ve Eti̇k

References

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