Nursing and Ethics

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CHAPTER


DOI :10.26650/B/CH17CH24.2024.002.38   IUP :10.26650/B/CH17CH24.2024.002.38    Full Text (PDF)

Health Promotion and Ethics

Merve Altıner Yaş

Health promotion is a process of aiming to increase the control of individuals over their health and reach the optimal health level. In the clinical setting, individuals apply to healthcare services exposed to a disease symptom. However, in health promotion, individuals can be included in a program without occurring disease and their demands and be encouraged to change their behaviour. Various decisions are also taken to strengthen the community and health system and develop healthy society policies for improving health. Tensions and dilemmas may arise between the public benefits and the fundamental rights of individuals. The respect for autonomy emphasized in bioethics may not be consistent with the perspective of health promotion aiming the community-based benefit. Public health ethics, which has developed rapidly due to crises such as pandemics and bioterrorism, enable health promotion practices to be evaluated within the ethical principles. Ethical principles that enable human attitudes and behaviours to be evaluated as right or wrong and good or bad guide the identification and resolution of dilemmas in health promotion practices. A balance between human rights and the necessity of health promotion practices for public health can be achieved with the principles of respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, health justice and equity, professionalism and trust, solidarity, inclusivity and participation, and competence. Public health nurses, who are in a key position in health promotion, also have an important role and responsibilities in identifying ethical issues, voicing ethical dilemmas, developing options and action plans for individuals and groups affected by health promotion practices, and reconsidering practice in case of the limited or rapidly evolving source of information.


Keywords: Ethics, ethical principles, public health ethics, public health nursing, health promotion
DOI :10.26650/B/CH17CH24.2024.002.38   IUP :10.26650/B/CH17CH24.2024.002.38    Full Text (PDF)

Sağlığın Geli̇şti̇ri̇lmesi̇ ve Eti̇k

Merve Altıner Yaş

Sağlığın geliştirilmesi, bireylerin kendi sağlıkları üzerinde kontrollerinin artmasını ve optimal sağlık düzeyine ulaşmalarını amaçlayan bir süreçtir. Klinik ortamda bireyler, bir hastalık belirtisi ortaya çıktığında sağlık hizmetlerine başvurmaktadır. Ancak, sağlığı geliştirmede hastalıkların önlenmesi için bireyler talepleri olmadan bir programa dahil edilebilmekte ve davranış değiştirmeye teşvik edilebilmektedir. Ayrıca, sağlığı geliştirme amacı ile toplum ve sağlık sistemini güçlendirme ve sağlıklı toplum politikaları geliştirmeye ilişkin çeşitli kararlar alınmaktadır. Bu noktada, kamu yararı ile bireylerin temel hakları arasında gerilim ve ikilemlerin ortaya çıkması söz konusu olabilmektedir. Biyoetikte vurgulanan özerkliğe saygı ilkesi ile toplum temelli faydayı amaçlayan sağlığın geliştirilmesi uygulamaları tutarlılık göstermeyebilir. Bu kapsamda, pandemi ve biyoterörizm gibi krizler nedeniyle hızla gelişen halk sağlığı etiği, sağlığı geliştirme uygulamalarının etik ilkeler çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesini sağlamaktadır. Sağlığı geliştirme uygulamalarının toplum sağlığı için gerekliliği ile insan hakları arasındaki denge özerkliğe saygı, zarar vermeme, yarar sağlama, sağlıkta adalet ve eşitlik, profesyonellik ve güven, dayanışma, kapsayıcılık ve katılım ve yetkinlik ilkeleri temel alındığında sağlanabilir. Sağlığın geliştirilmesinde kilit bir konumda yer alan halk sağlığı hemşireleri de etik sorunları belirleme, etik ikilemleri dile getirme, sağlığı geliştirme uygulamalarından etkilenen birey ve gruplara yönelik seçenekler ve eylem planları geliştirme ve bilgi kaynağının sınırlı olduğu veya bilginin hızla geliştiği durumlarda uygulamayı yeniden gözden geçirmeye yönelik önemli rol ve sorumluluklara sahiptir. 


Keywords: Etik, etik ilkeler, halk sağlığı etiği, halk sağlığı hemşireliği, sağlığı geliştirme

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