CHAPTER


DOI :10.26650/B/LS32.2023.002.03   IUP :10.26650/B/LS32.2023.002.03    Full Text (PDF)

Müsilaj Oluşumunda Bakteriyolojik Yaklaşımlar; Marmara Denizi Örneği

Gülşen AltuğPelin Saliha Çiftçi Türetken

Dünyada farklı coğrafyalarda gözlenen müsilaj farklı deniz alanlarında yapılan çalışmalarla araştırılmış ve günümüze kadar müsilajın oluşum mekanizmaları fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik nedenlerle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Ancak denizlerde müsilaj oluşumunun sebepleri ve değişken çevresel faktörlerle ilişkisi günümüzde halen farklı bilimsel veriler ışığında araştırılmakta ve tartışılmaktadır. Deniz ekosistem döngülerinde ve organik maddenin dekompozisyonunda önemli yeri olan bakterilerin özellikle küresel iklim değişimine bağlı değişkenlerin oluşturduğu stres sürecinde müsilaj oluşumu gibi özel çevresel koşullara verdikleri stres yanıtları denizel ekosistem işleyişinin anlaşılması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle müsilajı bakteriyel mekanizmalarla birlikte ele almak ve çalışmaların bakteri enzim mekanizmaları ile ilişkilendirilmesi müsilaj oluşumunun anlaşılmasında önem taşımaktadır. İnsan kaynaklı kirlilik girdilerinin tüm dünyada müsilaj oluşumunun ortak bileşeni olarak sunulması müsilaj-bakteri ilişkilerinin de başlangıç noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada mikrobiyal mekanizmaların çevresel faktörlere bağlı olarak değişkenliği konusunda elde edilen karşılaştırmalı verilerle, denizlerde müsilaj oluşumu konusunda ekosistem döngülerinin önemli bileşeni olan bakteriyel süreçlere tanımlama getirilmiştir. Yayılı ve noktasal farklı kirlilik kaynaklarına sahip Marmara Denizi’nde 2000 yılından bu yana tarafımızdan yapılan indikatör ve patojen bakteri, heterotrofik bolluk, bakteri kompozisyonu, bakteriyel metabolik aktivite, çözünmüş karbonhidrat, bakteri izolatlarının substratlara verdikleri yanıtlar ve katabolik reaksiyonları verileri ile Marmara Denizi’nde 2008, 2010 ve 2021 yıllarında gözlenen müsilajda tarafımızdan yapılan bakteriyolojik çalışmalar karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu tanımlamaya bağlı olarak müsilaj oluşumu ortamda organik maddeyi ayrıştırmaya uygun katabolik aktiviteye sahip bakteri miktarının azalması ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Sonuçta Marmara Denizi’nde müsilajın oluşumunda bakteriyel ilişkilerin tanımlanmasıyla müsilajın olmadan önlenmesine yönelik, bakteriyel enzim yanıtlarına göre geliştirilecek çevre dostu biyolojik çözümlere dikkat çekilmiştir.



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