Potential Clinical Hazards of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Mucilage
Mustafa Oral Öncül, Zerrin AktaşMucilage is a gelatinous evolutionary stage of sea snow that can reach gigantic proportions and cover hundreds of kilometres of coastline. Marine mucilage threatening public health, it contains high concentrations of pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., Campylobacter spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia spp., Clostridium spp., Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, human enteric viruses such as Norovirus, Adenovirus, and Enterovirus or parasites, it can be a vehicle for transmission to animals and humans. When consumed, inhaled, or in contact with the skin, they usually cause infections of the digestive system, respiratory system, skin, and soft tissue. The routes of exposure to infectious and toxic agents in water vary depending on the degree of contact with water. The number of microorganisms capable of causing infection (infective dose) depends on the specific pathogen, the form in which it is encountered, the exposure conditions, and the susceptibility and immune status of the host. In diseases caused by viruses and protozoans, the infective dose is generally lower than in bacterial infections. Due to its capacity to act as a carrier for particular microorganisms, mucilage can operate as a factor regulating microbial diversity in marine environments, boosting the spread of harmful bacteria in the environment, which has a negative impact on animal and human health. Marine professionals (fishermen, sailors in the merchant navy, etc.), especially personnel involved in cleaning activities carried out to remove mucilage from the marine environment, underwater diving, surfing, water skiing, river canoeing, rafting, boaters, swimmers, and normally windsurfers. Those who participate in full-body contact sports are other people at risk. This section, it is aimed to review the pathogenic microorganisms harbored by mucilage and other marine aggregates and their interactions with each other, their direct or indirect effects on human health, and the infections they cause, in line with scientific research and data.
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