Medical Informatics

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DOI :10.26650/B/ET07.2022.012.13   IUP :10.26650/B/ET07.2022.012.13    Full Text (PDF)

Health Education: Gamification, Health Literacy, and the New Era; Metaverse

Ekrem Kutbay, Nilgün Bozbuğa

Health is the combination of knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, values, and rules. In the development and protection of health, the participation of the owner of the health is necessary and one protects one’s health best. Health literacy is the ability of the person to read, understand, and use health information to make effective and appropriate decisions about health. Health literacy is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the cognitive and social skills that determine the motivation and ability of individuals to access, understand and use information through the means that help individuals maintain and contribute to their health. Besides, WHO suggests that individuals should make use of integrative education environments in which they can actively participate and benefit from developments, new concepts, and methods in the field of education in order to increase their health literacy levels. Gamified systems are examples of some methods that can be used for these purposes. Gamification is an innovative approach that provides opportunities to increase learner motivation by providing rewarding systems and competitive elements with digital game design techniques, providing more effective, productive, and attractive experiences in learning processes, providing a dedication to processes, facilitating deep learning and recall of important information with positive behavior changes, and increasing concentration. In gamification, rewarding systems and competitive elements used in games are used with digital game design techniques to make the learning process more efficient. Basic game mechanics such as feedback, reward, progress development, and socialization are used in gamification. Gamification should be considered as a new approach that can be used to ensure the sustainability of learners’ motivation and learning concentration and learning experiences in e-learning processes that will enable learners to have more meaningful learning experiences by using motivation-enhancing strategies in ensuring health literacy. Gamification has started to be used in many fields, especially in education and industry, since the second half of 2010. However, its implementation in the field of health has accelerated as of 2014. Today, it is possible to encounter examples of computer games specialized in a wide range of health-related areas. These areas include stroke, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular diseases, oncological diseases (cancer), chronic diseases, epidemic diseases, rehabilitation, physical activity, diet weight loss, personal hygiene, hand washing, drug use, medical treatment, and mental health diseases. However, according to our research, it has been determined that there are no serious games and gamified systems focused on health literacy. On the other hand, especially during the pandemic, with the acceleration of Metaverse platform applications, the use of gamification in education started to come to mind more and provided a new perspective for online education. In this context, effective use of health services individually and enhancement of the quality of life, increase of the level of social health development, decreasing the difference with developed countries, reducing the cost of health services and increasing the quality of health services will be possible through the use of gamification elements, health literacy education and awareness-raising.


Keywords: Health literacy, health education, gamification, serious game, metaverse
DOI :10.26650/B/ET07.2022.012.13   IUP :10.26650/B/ET07.2022.012.13    Full Text (PDF)

Sağlık Eğitimi: Oyunlaştırma, Sağlık Okuryazarlığı ve Yeni Dönem; Öte Evren

Ekrem Kutbay, Nilgün Bozbuğa

Sağlık bilgi, tutum, davranış, değer ve kurallar bütünüdür. Sağlığın geliştirilmesinde ve korunmasında sağlığın sahibinin katılımı gereklidir ve kişinin sağlığınıeniyikendisikorur. Sağlık okuryazarlığı, kişinin sağlıkla ilgili etkin ve uygun kararları verebilmesi için sağlık bilgilerini okuma, anlama ve kullanma yeteneğidir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ, WHO) tarafından sağlık okuryazarlığı, sağlıklı olmayı sürdürme ve bu duruma katkıda bulunmayı sağlayan yollarla bireylerin bilgiye olan erişim, anlama ve kullanma yeteneği ile motivasyonunu belirleyen bilişsel ve sosyal beceriler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ayrıca DSÖ, bireylerin sağlık okuryazarlık düzeylerini artırmak için aktif olarak dahil olabildikleri bütünleştirici eğitim ortamlarından yararlanılmalı ve eğitim alanındaki gelişmelerden, yeni kavram ve yöntemlerden faydalanılmalı, önerisinde bulunmaktadır. Oyunlaştırılmış sistemler bu amaçlar için kullanılabilecek yöntemlere örnek olarak gösterilebilir. Oyunlaştırma, ödüllendirme sistemleri ve rekabet unsurlarını dijital oyuntasarımteknikleriylekullanarak, öğrenmesüreçlerindedahaetkili, verimli ve çekici deneyimler sağlayarak öğrenen motivasyonunu arttırma, süreçlere adanmışlık sağlama, olumlu yönde davranış değişikliği ve konsantrasyon artışıyla derin bir öğrenme ve önemli enformasyonu hatırlamayı kolaylaştırma olanakları sunan yenilikçi bir yaklaşımdır. Oyunlaştırmada, öğrenme sürecini daha verimli hale getirmek amacıyla oyunlarda kullanılan ödüllendirme sistemleri ve rekabet unsurları, dijital oyun tasarım teknikleri ile kullanılır. Oyunlaştırmada geri bildirim, ödül, ilerleme-gelişme ve sosyalleşme gibi temel oyun mekaniklerinden faydalalanılır. Oyunlaştırma, sağlık okuryazarlığının sağlanmasında öğrenenlerin motivasyon artırmaya yönelik stratejiler kullanarak, öğrenenlerin daha anlamlı öğrenme deneyimleri yaşayabilmelerine olanak sağlayacak, e-öğrenme süreçlerinde öğrenenlerin motivasyon ve öğrenme konsantrasyonları ile öğrenme deneyimlerinin sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak için kullanılabilecek yeni bir yaklaşım olarak değerlendirilmelidir. Oyunlaştırma 2010’ların ikinci yarısından itibaren özellikle eğitim ve endüstri alanlarında olmak üzere birçok alanda kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Ancak sağlık alanına uygulanması 2014 yılı itibariyle hız kazanmıştır. Günümüzde sağlıkla ilgili çok çeşitli alanda özelleşmiş bilgisayar oyunu örnekleri ile karşılaşmak mümkündür. Bu alanlar inme, diyabet, Alzheimer Hastalığı, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, onkolojik hastalıklar (kanser), kronik hastalıklar, epidemik hastalıklar, rehabilitasyon, fiziksel aktivite, diyet-kilo verme, kişisel hijyen, el yıkama, ilaç kullanımı, tıbbi tedavi ve akıl sağlığı hastalıkları gibi konular üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. Ancak araştırmalarımıza gore özellikle sağlık okuryazarlığı odaklı ciddi oyun ve oyunlaştırılmış sistemlerin bulunmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Diğer taraftan özellikle pandemi döneminde öte evren (metaverse) platformu uygulamalarının hız kazanmasıyla oyunlaştırmanın eğitimde kullanımı daha çok akıllara gelmeye başlayıp, çevrimiçi eğitim için yeni bir bakış açısı sağlamıştır. Bu bağlamda, oyunlaştırma unsurlarının kullanılması, sağlık okuryazarlığı eğitimi ve farkındalığın arttırılmasıyla bireysel olarak sağlık hizmetlerinden etkin bir şekilde yararlanılması ve yaşam kalitesinin yükselmesi, toplumsal olarak sağlık gelişmişlik düzeyinin artması ile gelişmiş ülkelerle farklılığın azalması, sağlık hizmetleri maliyetinin düşürülmesi ve sağlık hizmetlerinin kalitesinin yükseltilmesi sağlanabilecektir.


Keywords: Sağlık okuryazarlığı, oyunlaştırma, sağlık eğitimi, ciddi oyunlar, öte evren

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