Medical Informatics III

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CHAPTER


DOI :10.26650/B/ET07.2023.005.06   IUP :10.26650/B/ET07.2023.005.06    Full Text (PDF)

Immunomic Applications in Medicine

Demet Kıvanç İzgi, Fatma Savran Oğuz

Immune system is a complex system that includes many organs, special tissues, cells and a network of molecules. External factors such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites may cause infection and disease in the organism in addition, exposure to foreign chemicals can cause toxic effects and pathogenic mutations. The main function of the immune system is to protect the organism from external and internal hazards and to provide the interface between the organism and its environment. The availability of high-throughput genomics, proteomics, and other “omics” methodologies, as well as accessibility to molecular databases, are forcing a significant shift in research and development strategies for biomedicine. The main sources of immunological data are public databases, various ‘omics’ data and published articles. In this context, genomics and proteomics have provided tremendous contribution and encouragement to biological sciences with the new biological data they contain. Currently, systems biology, the systematic study of complex interactions in biological systems, is closely related to the application and development of bioinformatics and biostatistics tools to genomic and proteomic data. Immunology databases provide data storage, extraction and analysis of immunological data. Standard bioinformatics tools such as sequence analysis and structural methods are routinely applied in immunological studies. However, due to the complexity of immune interactions, immunoinformatics methods and traditional research methods are largely limited to increase the efficiency of immunology research. In this context, immunomics can become a new and strong approach primarily applied in vaccine development, target identification and disease diagnosis. Use of immunonomics and T cell mapping in transplantation includes the discovery of self-immunogenic markers based on HLA immunogenicity, their association with graft antigens leading to rejection, and scoring for probability of rejection.


Keywords: Immunomic, epitope, transplantation, vaccination
DOI :10.26650/B/ET07.2023.005.06   IUP :10.26650/B/ET07.2023.005.06    Full Text (PDF)

Tıpta İmmünomik Uygulamalar

Demet Kıvanç İzgi, Fatma Savran Oğuz

Bağışıklık sistemi, pek çok organ, özel dokular, hücreler ve moleküller ağını içeren komplike bir sistemdir. Organizmada virüsler, bakteriler, mantarlar veya parazitler gibi dış etkenler enfeksiyon ve hastalığa neden olabilir, bunun yanı sıra yabancı kimyasallara maruz kalmak toksik etkilere ve patojenik mutasyonlara neden olabilir. Bağışıklık sisteminin ana işlevi organizmayı dış ve iç tehlikelerden korumak ve organizma ile çevresi arasındaki arayüzü sağlamaktır. Günümüzde immünolojik çalışmalar ve dolayısıyla immünololojik veriler büyük bir hızla artış göstermektedir. Moleküler veritabanlarına erişilebilirliğin yanı sıra yüksek verimli genomik, proteomik ve diğer “omik” metodolojilerin mevcudiyeti, biyotıp için araştırma ve geliştirme stratejilerinde önemli bir değişimi zorlamaktadır. İmmünolojik verilerin ana kaynakları, kamuya açık veri tabanları, çeşitli ‘omik’ veriler ve yayınlanmış makalelerdir. Bu bağlamda genomik ve proteomik, içerdikleri yeni biyolojik veriler ile biyolojik bilimlere muazzam bir katkı ve teşvik sağlamıştır. Biyolojik sistemlerdeki karmaşık etkileşimlerin sistematik bir çalışması olan sistem biyolojisi, şu anda biyoinformatik ve biyoistatistik araçlarının genomik ve proteomik verilere uygulanması ve geliştirilmesi ile yakından ilgilidir. İmmünoloji veri tabanları, immünolojik verilerin veri depolamasını, çıkarılmasını ve analizini sağlar. Dizi analizi ve yapısal yöntemler gibi standart biyoinformatik araçlar, immünolojik çalışmalar için rutin olarak uygulanır. Fakat immün etkileşimlerin komplike olması nedeniyle, immünoloji araştırmalarının verimliliğini arttırmak için immünoinformatik yöntemler ve geleneksel araştırma yöntemleri büyük ölçüde sınırlı kalmaktadır. Bu bağlamda immünomikler öncelikle aşı geliştirme, hedef belirleme ve hastalık teşhisinde uygulanan yeni ve güçlü bir yaklaşım haline gelebilmektedir. İmmünomik ve T hücre haritalamasının transplantasyonda kullanımı; HLA immünojenitesine dayalı olarak self immünojenik belirleyicilerin keşfi, bunların rejeksiyona yol açan greft antijenleri ile ilişkilendirilmesi ve rejeksiyon olasılığı için skorlamayı içermektedir.


Keywords: İmmunomik, epitop, transplantasyon, aşı

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