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Political Relations between the Urartian and Assyrian Kingdoms: A Regional Comparison in Areas of Conflict

Harun Danışmaz

In the Middle Iron Age, two kingdoms came into prominence in Eastern Anatolia and Mesopotamia respectively. The Urartian Kingdom had militaristic characteristics and performed advanced economic activities, including mining. The Assyrian Kingdom on the other hand had developed a statecraft tradition and capacities in mobilization and campaigning. The boundaries between the domination areas of the two kingdoms were set by the chain of mountains formed the boundaries between the areas under the domination of these two kingdoms. The kingdoms overcame these boundaries when they established direct contact. Furthermore, the two kingdoms managed their political relations through buffer states and nomadic tribes. The records as to these relations are partially inferred from texts on the tablets and annals that give information about the campaigns carried out by Urartian and Assyrian kings. However, the records are mostly propaganda. It is difficult to carry out an evaluation exclusively based on written documents. Consequently, the current study evaluates the political relations by taking into consideration the reliefs and stelae erected by the kingdoms during campaigns, archaeological finds and topography in addition to the written documents. 

Keywords: Urartu, Assyrian Kingdom, Political Relations, Middle Iron Age, East Anatolia
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Urartu Krallığı ile Assur Arasındaki Siyasi İlişkiler: Çatışma Alanlarında Bölgesel Bir Karşılaştırma

Harun Danışmaz

Orta Demir çağında, Doğu Anadolu ve Mezopotamya’da iki krallık ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bunlar savaşçı ve madenci karakterlere sahip Urartu Krallığı ile devlet geleneği, seferberlik ve fetih kapasitesine sahip Assur Krallığı’dır. İki krallığın hâkimiyet alanlarını yüksek dağ sıralarından oluşan doğal sınırlar ayırmaktadır. Krallıklar güçlü oldukları dönemlerde bu sınırları aşarak birbirleriyle direk temas kurmuşlardır. Ayrıca tampon devletler ve göçebe aşiretler üzerinden dolaylı siyasi ilişkiler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu ilişkilere dair kayıtlar kralların başarılı geçen seferlerinin sonuçlarından bahsettiği annallarda ve kısmen tabletlerde görülmektedir. Fakat kayıtlar daha çok propaganda amacı taşımaktır. Dolayısıyla siyasi ilişkiler hakkında sadece yazılı belgeler üzerinden değerlendirme yapmak zordur. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada siyasi ilişkiler yazılı kayıtların yanında kralların sefer sırasında diktirdikleri stel ve rölyeflerin dağılımı, arkeolojik maddi buluntular, topografya göz önüne alınarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords: Urartu, Assur Krallığı, Siyasi İlişkiler, Orta Demir Çağı, Doğu Anadolu

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APA

Danışmaz, H. (2018). Political Relations between the Urartian and Assyrian Kingdoms: A Regional Comparison in Areas of Conflict. Anatolian Research, 0(21), 105-123. https://doi.org/null


AMA

Danışmaz H. Political Relations between the Urartian and Assyrian Kingdoms: A Regional Comparison in Areas of Conflict. Anatolian Research. 2018;0(21):105-123. https://doi.org/null


ABNT

Danışmaz, H. Political Relations between the Urartian and Assyrian Kingdoms: A Regional Comparison in Areas of Conflict. Anatolian Research, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 21, p. 105-123, 2018.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Danışmaz, Harun,. 2018. “Political Relations between the Urartian and Assyrian Kingdoms: A Regional Comparison in Areas of Conflict.” Anatolian Research 0, no. 21: 105-123. https://doi.org/null


Chicago: Humanities Style

Danışmaz, Harun,. “Political Relations between the Urartian and Assyrian Kingdoms: A Regional Comparison in Areas of Conflict.” Anatolian Research 0, no. 21 (May. 2024): 105-123. https://doi.org/null


Harvard: Australian Style

Danışmaz, H 2018, 'Political Relations between the Urartian and Assyrian Kingdoms: A Regional Comparison in Areas of Conflict', Anatolian Research, vol. 0, no. 21, pp. 105-123, viewed 4 May. 2024, https://doi.org/null


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Danışmaz, H. (2018) ‘Political Relations between the Urartian and Assyrian Kingdoms: A Regional Comparison in Areas of Conflict’, Anatolian Research, 0(21), pp. 105-123. https://doi.org/null (4 May. 2024).


MLA

Danışmaz, Harun,. “Political Relations between the Urartian and Assyrian Kingdoms: A Regional Comparison in Areas of Conflict.” Anatolian Research, vol. 0, no. 21, 2018, pp. 105-123. [Database Container], https://doi.org/null


Vancouver

Danışmaz H. Political Relations between the Urartian and Assyrian Kingdoms: A Regional Comparison in Areas of Conflict. Anatolian Research [Internet]. 4 May. 2024 [cited 4 May. 2024];0(21):105-123. Available from: https://doi.org/null doi: null


ISNAD

Danışmaz, Harun. “Political Relations between the Urartian and Assyrian Kingdoms: A Regional Comparison in Areas of Conflict”. Anatolian Research 0/21 (May. 2024): 105-123. https://doi.org/null



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Submitted20.09.2018
Accepted11.10.2018

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