Aquatic Sciences and Engineering

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DOI :10.26650/ASE2025.1678137   IUP :10.26650/ASE2025.1678137    Full Text (PDF)

Dietary Thymol Supplementation to Improve Growth in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)

Dedi Jusadi, Muhammad Agus Suprayudi, Julie Ekasari, Indra Gunawan Batubara, Septiani Dwi Ningrum Prasetyo, Talita Shofa Adestia

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) are the fish that are commonly farmed in Indonesia. The advancement of improved feeding practices is crucial for the sustainable production of both common carp and tambaqui, leading to better growth performance. This research was conducted to enhance growth performance and improve feed utilization efficiency by using thymol as a feed additive. For common carp, thymol was supplemented at a dose of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 g/kg commercial feed. While thymol was added to the tambaqui feed formulation at doses of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 g/kg. Common carp with an initial weight of 3.23±0.00 g were reared in net enclosures for 60 days, while tambaqui weighing 8.22±0.01 g were kept in aquariums for 70 days. The study found that supplementing carp feed with 0.4 g/kg thymol led to the highest growth performance. Meanwhile, feeding tambaqui with thymol at 0.6 g/ kg resulted in significant improvements in growth-related parameters compared to other treatments, including final total biomass, final average weight, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate, and antioxidant status. In conclusion, the optimal thymol supplementation levels were found to be 0.4 g/kg for carp and 0.6 g/kg for tambaqui.

Keywords: Thymol, Feed additive, Cyprinus carpio, Colossoma macropomum, Growth Performance

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APA

Jusadi, D., Suprayudi, M.A., Ekasari, J., Batubara, I.G., Prasetyo, S.D., & Adestia, T.S. (2025). Dietary Thymol Supplementation to Improve Growth in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 40(3), 185-191. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2025.1678137


AMA

Jusadi D, Suprayudi M A, Ekasari J, Batubara I G, Prasetyo S D, Adestia T S. Dietary Thymol Supplementation to Improve Growth in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Aquatic Sciences and Engineering. 2025;40(3):185-191. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2025.1678137


ABNT

Jusadi, D.; Suprayudi, M.A.; Ekasari, J.; Batubara, I.G.; Prasetyo, S.D.; Adestia, T.S. Dietary Thymol Supplementation to Improve Growth in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, [Publisher Location], v. 40, n. 3, p. 185-191, 2025.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Jusadi, Dedi, and Muhammad Agus Suprayudi and Julie Ekasari and Indra Gunawan Batubara and Septiani Dwi Ningrum Prasetyo and Talita Shofa Adestia. 2025. “Dietary Thymol Supplementation to Improve Growth in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum).” Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 40, no. 3: 185-191. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2025.1678137


Chicago: Humanities Style

Jusadi, Dedi, and Muhammad Agus Suprayudi and Julie Ekasari and Indra Gunawan Batubara and Septiani Dwi Ningrum Prasetyo and Talita Shofa Adestia. “Dietary Thymol Supplementation to Improve Growth in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum).” Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 40, no. 3 (Aug. 2025): 185-191. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2025.1678137


Harvard: Australian Style

Jusadi, D & Suprayudi, MA & Ekasari, J & Batubara, IG & Prasetyo, SD & Adestia, TS 2025, 'Dietary Thymol Supplementation to Improve Growth in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)', Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 185-191, viewed 14 Aug. 2025, https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2025.1678137


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Jusadi, D. and Suprayudi, M.A. and Ekasari, J. and Batubara, I.G. and Prasetyo, S.D. and Adestia, T.S. (2025) ‘Dietary Thymol Supplementation to Improve Growth in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)’, Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 40(3), pp. 185-191. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2025.1678137 (14 Aug. 2025).


MLA

Jusadi, Dedi, and Muhammad Agus Suprayudi and Julie Ekasari and Indra Gunawan Batubara and Septiani Dwi Ningrum Prasetyo and Talita Shofa Adestia. “Dietary Thymol Supplementation to Improve Growth in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum).” Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, vol. 40, no. 3, 2025, pp. 185-191. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2025.1678137


Vancouver

Jusadi D, Suprayudi MA, Ekasari J, Batubara IG, Prasetyo SD, Adestia TS. Dietary Thymol Supplementation to Improve Growth in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Aquatic Sciences and Engineering [Internet]. 14 Aug. 2025 [cited 14 Aug. 2025];40(3):185-191. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2025.1678137 doi: 10.26650/ASE2025.1678137


ISNAD

Jusadi, Dedi - Suprayudi, MuhammadAgus - Ekasari, Julie - Batubara, IndraGunawan - Prasetyo, SeptianiDwi Ningrum - Adestia, TalitaShofa. “Dietary Thymol Supplementation to Improve Growth in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 40/3 (Aug. 2025): 185-191. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2025.1678137



TIMELINE


Submitted17.04.2025
Accepted13.06.2025
Published Online10.07.2025

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