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DOI :10.26650/eor.20251574047   IUP :10.26650/eor.20251574047    Full Text (PDF)

Development, validity, and reliability of the band and loop radiographic assessment scoring system (BRASS)

Deepika Chari, Anup Panda, Balraj Shukla

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a radiographic evaluation scale which, when combined with clinical criteria, could help reduce the failure rate of the conventional band and loop (CBL) space maintainer.

Materials and Methods: The Band and Loop Radiographic Assessment Scoring System (BRASS) was developed following best practices for scale development in healthcare. The process began with data collection through a literature review, followed by face and content validity assessment of the items generated using the sum-score decision rule and content validity ratio. Pre-testing of the scale was conducted through item-total correlation and factor analysis using the Tucker-Lewis Index, which facilitated item reduction. Pilot testing of the scale was subsequently carried out, and test-retest reliability, predictive validity, and two measures of construct validity were evaluated.

Results: The initial pool of 20 items was reduced to 10, distributed across three criteria based on the results of the goodness-of-fit test. The mean accuracy of the scale, based on predictive validity, was 89%. Test-retest reliability, measured by Cronbach’s Alpha, was 0.87. Construct validity revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in evaluations conducted with and without the use of BRASS. Finally, multiple linear regression analysis indicated a strong model fit (Rsquared = 0.991), further supporting the construct validity of the BRASS.

Conclusion: The development of BRASS, supported by strong validity and reliability metrics, presents it as a promising tool to enhance the clinical success of the conventional band and loop (CBL) space maintainer.

Keywords: pediatric dentistry, interceptive orthodontics, malocclusion, space maintenance, brass, preventive orthodontics, band and loop

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References

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APA

Chari, D., Panda, A., & Shukla, B. (2019). Development, validity, and reliability of the band and loop radiographic assessment scoring system (BRASS). European Oral Research, 0(0), -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251574047


AMA

Chari D, Panda A, Shukla B. Development, validity, and reliability of the band and loop radiographic assessment scoring system (BRASS). European Oral Research. 2019;0(0):-. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251574047


ABNT

Chari, D.; Panda, A.; Shukla, B. Development, validity, and reliability of the band and loop radiographic assessment scoring system (BRASS). European Oral Research, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 0, p. -, 2019.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Chari, Deepika, and Anup Panda and Balraj Shukla. 2019. “Development, validity, and reliability of the band and loop radiographic assessment scoring system (BRASS).” European Oral Research 0, no. 0: -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251574047


Chicago: Humanities Style

Chari, Deepika, and Anup Panda and Balraj Shukla. “Development, validity, and reliability of the band and loop radiographic assessment scoring system (BRASS).” European Oral Research 0, no. 0 (Oct. 2025): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251574047


Harvard: Australian Style

Chari, D & Panda, A & Shukla, B 2019, 'Development, validity, and reliability of the band and loop radiographic assessment scoring system (BRASS)', European Oral Research, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. -, viewed 1 Oct. 2025, https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251574047


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Chari, D. and Panda, A. and Shukla, B. (2019) ‘Development, validity, and reliability of the band and loop radiographic assessment scoring system (BRASS)’, European Oral Research, 0(0), pp. -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251574047 (1 Oct. 2025).


MLA

Chari, Deepika, and Anup Panda and Balraj Shukla. “Development, validity, and reliability of the band and loop radiographic assessment scoring system (BRASS).” European Oral Research, vol. 0, no. 0, 2019, pp. -. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251574047


Vancouver

Chari D, Panda A, Shukla B. Development, validity, and reliability of the band and loop radiographic assessment scoring system (BRASS). European Oral Research [Internet]. 1 Oct. 2025 [cited 1 Oct. 2025];0(0):-. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251574047 doi: 10.26650/eor.20251574047


ISNAD

Chari, Deepika - Panda, Anup - Shukla, Balraj. “Development, validity, and reliability of the band and loop radiographic assessment scoring system (BRASS)”. European Oral Research 0/0 (Oct. 2025): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251574047



TIMELINE


Submitted26.10.2024
Accepted30.12.2024
Published Online29.09.2025

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