Research Article

DOI :10.26650/eor.20251568648 IUP :10.26650/eor.20251568648 Full Text (PDF)

Evaluation of demineralization changes utilizing the Canary Caries Detection System and various toothpastes on incipient enamel lesions

Skylar Steel, Htwe Mon, Xiaoming Xu, Andrew G. Chapple, Hope Grandy, Richard Ballard, Paul Armbruster

Purpose: The Canary Caries Detection System has been shown to quantify the degree of demineralization of incipient enamel. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare demineralization changes after applying various toothpastes on incipient enamel lesions utilizing the Canary Caries Detection System.

Materials and Methods: Thirty-five extracted human teeth premolars were divided into seven groups (n=5). Each group was demineralized in a lactate acid buffer solution (pH 4.5) and tested using one of six toothpastes or a phosphate buffer solution (control, pH 7.4). The teeth were brushed according to manufacturer’s instructions daily for 28 days. Canary Numbers, standardized cold light, and fluorescent photographs were collected at the initial (T0), following demineralization (T1), day 14 (T2), and day 28 (T3).

Results: It was found that there was a statistical difference between all groups and the control between T2-T3 (p<0.046 facial surfaces) and T1-T3 (p<0.015 lingual surfaces). There was also a statistical difference between T1-T3 when comparing all groups. The cold light and fluorescent light photos also show evidence of changes in demineralization from T1-T3 in the PreviDent 5000 Plus group.

Conclusions: The PreviDent 5000 Plus group demonstrated a statistical difference to Clinpro 5000, MI Paste Plus and PreviDent 5000 Booster Plus from T1-T3 as the Canary Numbers decreased. There was an increase and significant difference in the PBS group Canary Numbers from T1-T3, indicating the negative control showed continued demineralization.

Keywords: caries, canary system, fluoride, demineralization, detection

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Citations

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APA

Steel, S., Mon, H., Xu, X., Chapple, A.G., Grandy, H., Ballard, R., & Armbruster, P. (2019). Evaluation of demineralization changes utilizing the Canary Caries Detection System and various toothpastes on incipient enamel lesions. European Oral Research, 0(0), -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251568648

AMA

Steel S, Mon H, Xu X, Chapple A G, Grandy H, Ballard R, Armbruster P. Evaluation of demineralization changes utilizing the Canary Caries Detection System and various toothpastes on incipient enamel lesions. European Oral Research. 2019;0(0):-. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251568648

ABNT

Steel, S.; Mon, H.; Xu, X.; Chapple, A.G.; Grandy, H.; Ballard, R.; Armbruster, P. Evaluation of demineralization changes utilizing the Canary Caries Detection System and various toothpastes on incipient enamel lesions. European Oral Research, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 0, p. -, 2019.

Chicago: Author-Date Style

Steel, Skylar, and Htwe Mon and Xiaoming Xu and Andrew G. Chapple and Hope Grandy and Richard Ballard and Paul Armbruster. 2019. “Evaluation of demineralization changes utilizing the Canary Caries Detection System and various toothpastes on incipient enamel lesions.” European Oral Research 0, no. 0: -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251568648

Chicago: Humanities Style

Steel, Skylar, and Htwe Mon and Xiaoming Xu and Andrew G. Chapple and Hope Grandy and Richard Ballard and Paul Armbruster. “Evaluation of demineralization changes utilizing the Canary Caries Detection System and various toothpastes on incipient enamel lesions.” European Oral Research 0, no. 0 (Oct. 2025): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251568648

Harvard: Australian Style

Steel, S & Mon, H & Xu, X & Chapple, AG & Grandy, H & Ballard, R & Armbruster, P 2019, 'Evaluation of demineralization changes utilizing the Canary Caries Detection System and various toothpastes on incipient enamel lesions', European Oral Research, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. -, viewed 1 Oct. 2025, https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251568648

Harvard: Author-Date Style

Steel, S. and Mon, H. and Xu, X. and Chapple, A.G. and Grandy, H. and Ballard, R. and Armbruster, P. (2019) ‘Evaluation of demineralization changes utilizing the Canary Caries Detection System and various toothpastes on incipient enamel lesions’, European Oral Research, 0(0), pp. -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251568648 (1 Oct. 2025).

MLA

Steel, Skylar, and Htwe Mon and Xiaoming Xu and Andrew G. Chapple and Hope Grandy and Richard Ballard and Paul Armbruster. “Evaluation of demineralization changes utilizing the Canary Caries Detection System and various toothpastes on incipient enamel lesions.” European Oral Research, vol. 0, no. 0, 2019, pp. -. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251568648

Vancouver

Steel S, Mon H, Xu X, Chapple AG, Grandy H, Ballard R, Armbruster P. Evaluation of demineralization changes utilizing the Canary Caries Detection System and various toothpastes on incipient enamel lesions. European Oral Research [Internet]. 1 Oct. 2025 [cited 1 Oct. 2025];0(0):-. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251568648 doi: 10.26650/eor.20251568648

ISNAD

Steel, Skylar - Mon, Htwe - Xu, Xiaoming - Chapple, AndrewG. - Grandy, Hope - Ballard, Richard - Armbruster, Paul. “Evaluation of demineralization changes utilizing the Canary Caries Detection System and various toothpastes on incipient enamel lesions”. European Oral Research 0/0 (Oct. 2025): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20251568648

TIMELINE

Submitted	01.11.2024
Accepted	11.03.2025
Published Online	29.09.2025

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