European Oral Research

SUBMITINFORMATION
EnglishTürkçe

Research Article


DOI :10.26650/eor.20192484   IUP :10.26650/eor.20192484    Full Text (PDF)

Relationship between dental plaque formation and salivary cortisol level in pregnant women

Azita Tiznobaik, Safoura Taheri, Parviz Torkzaban, Ali Ghaleiha, Ali Reza Soltanian, Reza Omrani, Mehdi Shirinzad

Purpose 
Understanding how increased level of salivary cortisol contributes to the development of dental biofilm during pregnancy can help inthe prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between salivary cortisol level and dental biofilm formation in pregnant women. 

Patients and Methods 
This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in Hamadan, Iran in 2011. Forty consecutive pregnant women with no history of abortion, stillbirth, or any known physical or psychological disorders at weeks 25 and 33 of gestation were included. Salivary samples were collected for measurement of cortisol levels by Enzyme Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The amount and extension of dental biofilms were determined by using a disclosing agent. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS version 16. 

Results 
The mean levels of salivary cortisol at weeks 25 and 33 of gestation were respectively, 2.45 ± 1.56 µg/dl and 5.24 ± 4.07 µg/dl which demonstrates a significant difference (P<0.001). Evaluation of dental biofilm at two time intervals revealed a significant increase in amount of dental biofilm at week 33 of gestational period (34.65 ± 10.9% vs. 42.45 ± 12.35%, P<0.001). Elevated levels of dental biofilm were significantly correlated with salivary cortisol levels at week 33 (r=0.494, P=0.001),however, it was not significant at week 25 of gestation (r=0.148, P=0.361). 

Conclusion 
The findings suggested that increased levels of salivary cortisol can predict dental biofilm formation and accumulation in pregnant women in the last weeks of gestation. 
Keywords: Cortisol, dental, plaque, biofilm, saliva, pregnancy

PDF View

References

  • 1. Barak S, Oettinger S, Barak O, Oetinger M. Common oral manifestations during pregnancy. A review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2003;58(9):624-8. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 2. Cunnigham FG,Leveno KJ,Bloom SL, Hauth JC,Rouse DJ,Spong CY.Willams Obstetrics. 24th Ed. Mc Graw Hill Medical, New York; 2014. P.36-45. google scholar
  • 3. Figuero E, Carrillo-de-Albornoz A, Martin C, Tobias A, Herrera D. Effect of pregnancy on gingival inflammation in systemically healthy women: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2013;40(5):457-73. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 4. Mein L, Schmiot G, Martin C, Neumann I. Maternal cortisol in late pregnancy and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal reactivity to psychosocial stress postpartum in women. Stress 2010;13(2):16371. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 5. Khanna S , Shalini M . Pregnancy and oral health: forgotten territory revisited. Obstet Gynecol India 2010;60(2):123. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 6. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Dental biofilms: Difficult therapeutic targets. Periodontol 2000 2002;28:12-55. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 7. Williams RC. Periodontal disease. N Engl J Med 1990;322:373382. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 8. Morse DR, Schacterle GR, Furst ML, Goldberg J, Greenspan B, Swiecinski D, et al. The effect of stress and meditation on salivary protein and bacteria: A review and pilot study. J Hum Stress 1982;8:31-9. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 9. Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza,s clinical periodontology. 12th Ed. Elsevier Saunders. Canada; 2015. P. 366-70. google scholar
  • 10. Kandemir S, Oksan T, Alpoz A, Ergezer G, Salivary cortisol levels in children during dental treatment. J marmara univ dent fac 1997;2(4):639-42. google scholar
  • 11. Rai k, Hedge A, Shetti S. Estimation of salivary cortisol in children with rampant caries. J clin pediater 2010;34(3):249-52. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 12. Fernando N, Juliano B, denis R, Tonantzin R, Josiane p , Maria D. Chronic stress, depression and cortisol levels as risk indicators of elevated plaque and gingivitis levels in individuals aged 50years and older, psychology institute 2007;77(6):1008-1013. google scholar
  • 13. Johanson A, Rylander G, Soder B. Asberg A. Dental plaque, gingival inflammation, and elevated levels of interleukin -6 and cortisol in gingival cervicular fluid from women with stress-related depression and exhaustion. J periodontal 2006;77(8):1403-9. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 14. Kambalimath HV,Dixit VB,Tyyagi PS. Salivary cortisol response to psychological stress in children with early childhood caries. Indian dent res 2010;21(2):231-7. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 15. Newman MG, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza,s clinical periodontology. 12thEd. Elsevier Saunders. Canada; 2015. P. 366-70. google scholar
  • 16. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol 1988;56(6):893-7. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 17. Katie T, Kivlighan A, Janet A, Kathleen A, Markl. Diurnal rhythm of cortisol during late pregnancy. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2008;33:1225-1235. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 18. Mona Basker, Prabhakar D Moses, Sushila Russell, and Paul Swamidhas Sudhakar Russell. The psychometric properties of beck depression inventory for adolescent depression in a primary-care paediatric setting in India. Child Adolesc Psychiatry ment Health 2007;1:8. Published online 2007, August 9. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 19. Navazesh M. How can oral health care provides determine if patient have dry mouth. J Am Dent Assoc 2003;134(5):613-20. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 20. Anna A, Echeverría A, Carolina M. Periodontitis and pregnancyAssociation between periodontitis in pregnancy and preterm or low birth weight: Review of the literature. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2008;13(9):609-15. google scholar
  • 21. Hugo FN, Hilgert JB, Bozzetti MC, Bandeira DR, Gonçalves TR, Pawlowski Jet al. Chronic stress, depression, and cortisol levels as risk indicators of elevated plaque and gingivitis levels in individuals aged 50 years and older. J Periodontol 2006;77(6):100814. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • 22. Raul I, Garcia A, Michellem H. Henshaw C, Elizabeth A. Relationship between periodontal disease and systemic health. J periodontology 2001;25(1):21-36. [CrossRef] google scholar

Citations

Copy and paste a formatted citation or use one of the options to export in your chosen format


EXPORT



APA

Tiznobaik, A., Taheri, S., Torkzaban, P., Ghaleiha, A., Soltanian, A.R., Omrani, R., & Shirinzad, M. (2019). Relationship between dental plaque formation and salivary cortisol level in pregnant women. European Oral Research, 53(2), 62-66. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20192484


AMA

Tiznobaik A, Taheri S, Torkzaban P, Ghaleiha A, Soltanian A R, Omrani R, Shirinzad M. Relationship between dental plaque formation and salivary cortisol level in pregnant women. European Oral Research. 2019;53(2):62-66. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20192484


ABNT

Tiznobaik, A.; Taheri, S.; Torkzaban, P.; Ghaleiha, A.; Soltanian, A.R.; Omrani, R.; Shirinzad, M. Relationship between dental plaque formation and salivary cortisol level in pregnant women. European Oral Research, [Publisher Location], v. 53, n. 2, p. 62-66, 2019.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Tiznobaik, Azita, and Safoura Taheri and Parviz Torkzaban and Ali Ghaleiha and Ali Reza Soltanian and Reza Omrani and Mehdi Shirinzad. 2019. “Relationship between dental plaque formation and salivary cortisol level in pregnant women.” European Oral Research 53, no. 2: 62-66. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20192484


Chicago: Humanities Style

Tiznobaik, Azita, and Safoura Taheri and Parviz Torkzaban and Ali Ghaleiha and Ali Reza Soltanian and Reza Omrani and Mehdi Shirinzad. “Relationship between dental plaque formation and salivary cortisol level in pregnant women.” European Oral Research 53, no. 2 (Sep. 2024): 62-66. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20192484


Harvard: Australian Style

Tiznobaik, A & Taheri, S & Torkzaban, P & Ghaleiha, A & Soltanian, AR & Omrani, R & Shirinzad, M 2019, 'Relationship between dental plaque formation and salivary cortisol level in pregnant women', European Oral Research, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 62-66, viewed 16 Sep. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20192484


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Tiznobaik, A. and Taheri, S. and Torkzaban, P. and Ghaleiha, A. and Soltanian, A.R. and Omrani, R. and Shirinzad, M. (2019) ‘Relationship between dental plaque formation and salivary cortisol level in pregnant women’, European Oral Research, 53(2), pp. 62-66. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20192484 (16 Sep. 2024).


MLA

Tiznobaik, Azita, and Safoura Taheri and Parviz Torkzaban and Ali Ghaleiha and Ali Reza Soltanian and Reza Omrani and Mehdi Shirinzad. “Relationship between dental plaque formation and salivary cortisol level in pregnant women.” European Oral Research, vol. 53, no. 2, 2019, pp. 62-66. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20192484


Vancouver

Tiznobaik A, Taheri S, Torkzaban P, Ghaleiha A, Soltanian AR, Omrani R, Shirinzad M. Relationship between dental plaque formation and salivary cortisol level in pregnant women. European Oral Research [Internet]. 16 Sep. 2024 [cited 16 Sep. 2024];53(2):62-66. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20192484 doi: 10.26650/eor.20192484


ISNAD

Tiznobaik, Azita - Taheri, Safoura - Torkzaban, Parviz - Ghaleiha, Ali - Soltanian, AliReza - Omrani, Reza - Shirinzad, Mehdi. “Relationship between dental plaque formation and salivary cortisol level in pregnant women”. European Oral Research 53/2 (Sep. 2024): 62-66. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.20192484



TIMELINE


Submitted14.11.2017
Accepted10.05.2018
Published Online31.05.2019

LICENCE


Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)

This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.


SHARE




Istanbul University Press aims to contribute to the dissemination of ever growing scientific knowledge through publication of high quality scientific journals and books in accordance with the international publishing standards and ethics. Istanbul University Press follows an open access, non-commercial, scholarly publishing.