Research Article

DOI :10.26650/eor.202511501479 IUP :10.26650/eor.202511501479 Full Text (PDF)

Which intracranial plane can be used instead of the true horizontal plane?

Merve Gonca, Büşra Beşer Gül, Zübeyde Kantemur

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the Frankfort horizontal (FH), sella-nasion horizontal (SN-h), optic, and orbitooccipital planes by assessing their variabilities relative to a true horizontal line (TrH) in Class 1, 2, and 3 patients.

Materials and Methods: Eighty-one pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCRs) (27 each from Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 based on ANB (°) were taken in the natural head position (NHP). NHP was created using a laser level creating the true vertical line and the TrH perpendicular to the true vertical. The inclinations of the anatomic reference planes were compared with the TrH.

Results: The orbitooccipital and FH planes were closest to the TrH, with mean values of -0.55 ± 3.26 and -0.60 ± 3.67, respectively. The mean value for the SN-h was 3.33 ± 4.40, whereas the mean value for the optic plane was 4.46 ± 4.58. The ranges were high for all anatomic planes: -9.03° to 8.22° for the FH plane, -8.79° to 6.49° for the orbitooccipital plane, -9.87° to 13.16° for the SN-h, and -4.21° to 16.43° for the optic plane. No significant differences were found in relation to skeletal patterns (orbitooccipital plane; p=0.05, FH plane: p=0.115, SN-h; p=0.156, optic plane; p=0.063, respectively). Regarding sex, there was a significant difference in the optic plane in only Class 1 females (p=0.024).

Conclusion: The FH and orbitooccipital planes are not the same TrH, but they are the closest reference planes. Variations in reference planes affect diagnosis and therapy.

Keywords: Orthodontics, cephalometry, natural head posture, intracranial plane, true horizontal, laser level

DOI :10.26650/eor.202511501479 IUP :10.26650/eor.202511501479 Full Text (PDF)

Gerçek yatay düzlem yerine hangi intrakraniyal düzlem kullanılabilir?

Merve Gonca, Büşra Beşer Gül, Zübeyde Kantemur

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Sınıf 1, 2 ve 3 iskeletsel paterne sahip bireylerde Frankfort horizontal (FH), sella-nasion horizontal (SN-h), optik ve orbito-oksipital düzlemlerin gerçek yatay çizgiye (TrH) göre varyasyonlarını değerlendirerek güvenilirliklerini incelemekti.

Gereç ve Yöntem: ANB açısına göre Sınıf 1, 2 ve 3 olarak sınıflandırılmış her gruptan 27’şer olmak üzere toplam 81 hastanın tedavi öncesi lateral sefalometrik radyografileri (LSR) doğal baş postüründe (NBP) alındı. NBP lazer terazi kullanılarak gerçek dikey düzlem (GDD) ile oluşturuldu. GYD ise bu GDD’ ye dik olarak elde edildi. Anatomik referans düzlemlerinin eğimleri GYD ile karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular: Orbito-oksipital ve FH düzlemleri, sırasıyla -0.55 ± 3.26 ve -0.60 ± 3.67 ortalama değerleriyle TrH'ye en yakın düzlemler olarak belirlendi. SN-h için ortalama değer 3.33 ± 4.40 iken, optik düzlem için 4.46 ± 4.58 olarak ölçüldü. Tüm anatomik düzlemler için geniş bir aralık gözlendi: FH düzlemi için -9.03° to 8.22°, orbito-oksipital düzlem için - 8.79° to 6.49°, SN-h için -9.87° to 13.16° ve optik düzlem için -4.21° to 16.43°. İskeletsel paternlerle ilişkili olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (orbito-oksipital düzlem; p=0.05, FH düzlemi: p=0.115, SN-h; p=0.156, optik düzlem; p=0.063). Cinsiyet açısından, yalnızca Sınıf 1 kadınlarda optik düzlemde anlamlı bir fark bulundu (p=0.024).

Sonuç: FH ve orbito-oksipital düzlemler GYD ile birebir örtüşmemekle birlikte, GYD'ye en yakın referans düzlemler olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Referans düzlemlerindeki varyasyonlar tanı ve tedavi süreçlerini etkileyebilir.

Keywords: Ortodonti, sefalometri, doğal baş postürü, intrakraniyal düzlem, gerçek yatay, lazer terazi

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APA

Gonca, M., Beşer Gül, B., & Kantemur, Z. (2019). Which intracranial plane can be used instead of the true horizontal plane?. European Oral Research, 0(0), -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.202511501479

AMA

Gonca M, Beşer Gül B, Kantemur Z. Which intracranial plane can be used instead of the true horizontal plane?. European Oral Research. 2019;0(0):-. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.202511501479

ABNT

Gonca, M.; Beşer Gül, B.; Kantemur, Z. Which intracranial plane can be used instead of the true horizontal plane?. European Oral Research, [Publisher Location], v. 0, n. 0, p. -, 2019.

Chicago: Author-Date Style

Gonca, Merve, and Büşra Beşer Gül and Zübeyde Kantemur. 2019. “Which intracranial plane can be used instead of the true horizontal plane?.” European Oral Research 0, no. 0: -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.202511501479

Chicago: Humanities Style

Gonca, Merve, and Büşra Beşer Gül and Zübeyde Kantemur. “Which intracranial plane can be used instead of the true horizontal plane?.” European Oral Research 0, no. 0 (Jun. 2025): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.202511501479

Harvard: Australian Style

Gonca, M & Beşer Gül, B & Kantemur, Z 2019, 'Which intracranial plane can be used instead of the true horizontal plane?', European Oral Research, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. -, viewed 26 Jun. 2025, https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.202511501479

Harvard: Author-Date Style

Gonca, M. and Beşer Gül, B. and Kantemur, Z. (2019) ‘Which intracranial plane can be used instead of the true horizontal plane?’, European Oral Research, 0(0), pp. -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.202511501479 (26 Jun. 2025).

MLA

Gonca, Merve, and Büşra Beşer Gül and Zübeyde Kantemur. “Which intracranial plane can be used instead of the true horizontal plane?.” European Oral Research, vol. 0, no. 0, 2019, pp. -. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.202511501479

Vancouver

Gonca M, Beşer Gül B, Kantemur Z. Which intracranial plane can be used instead of the true horizontal plane?. European Oral Research [Internet]. 26 Jun. 2025 [cited 26 Jun. 2025];0(0):-. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.202511501479 doi: 10.26650/eor.202511501479

ISNAD

Gonca, Merve - Beşer Gül, Büşra - Kantemur, Zübeyde. “Which intracranial plane can be used instead of the true horizontal plane?”. European Oral Research 0/0 (Jun. 2025): -. https://doi.org/10.26650/eor.202511501479

TIMELINE

Submitted	14.06.2024
Accepted	16.12.2024
Published Online	26.03.2025

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