Arif

Examining Job Satisfaction and Its Sub-Dimensions in Air Traffic Control

İbrahim

Bilal

Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Perception of Safety Management and Safety Culture Among AbInitio Pilots

Özlem

Despite all the advancements, the civil aviation sector remains an industry with inherently high risks, and issues related to ensuring flight and ground safety are critical in all its operations. In this context, flight safety is one of the foremost priorities for civil aviation enterprises (Erdem, 2018: 1). Although it is undeniable that the hardware and software of an aircraft play a crucial role in safety, human factors are also indispensable elements of flight safety. However, humans are naturally prone to errors and mistakes because of their limited capabilities. Therefore, fully understanding the dynamics related to human factors and their impact on flight operations makes it possible to ensure full flight safety. On the other hand, the limitations of human capacity and abilities, coupled with the fact that various factors influence human technical and non-technical competencies, have made the role of the human factor in ensuring flight safety more important than ever (Başdemir, 2020: 55-56). Considering human factors as an integral part of safety management, they are necessary for understanding, identifying, and mitigating safety risks, as well as optimising human contributions to safety (ICAO, 2018: 25). In this sense, Crew Resource Management (CRM), which is seen as a vital tool for airline companies, enables them to meet changing demands without compromising the quality of flight services while ensuring the highest level of flight safety (Erdem, 2018: 1).&nbsp;The scope of this study encompasses Crew Resource Management (CRM) in the airline industry. The main focus of this study is on the human factor, which is a significant element in ensuring safety in flight operations and preventing and reducing accidents and incidents. CRM is defined as a training and management tool aimed at preventing individual errors and risks by efficiently utilising all available resources, including information, equipment (hardware and software), and people, and by developing non-technical (i.e., cognitive, social) skills based on the observable characteristics of teams (Powell and Kimberly Hill, 2006: 179). CRM, which requires significant training and experience, is a vital airline management process, especially in minimising potential problems or serious accident risks during flights. In high-risk and high-stress situations during flight operations, CRM requires the individual or collective effort of the flight crew to deal with or at least overcome damage (Lauber, 1987: 13; İleri, 2020: 36-37).&nbsp;On the other hand, the concept of safety climate, which includes organisational values, norms, beliefs, practises, and procedures related to safety (Schein, 1992; Guldenmund, 2000), is another essential factor in ensuring safety that is used to describe employees’ shared perceptions of how safety management is operationalised in a workplace (Zohar, 1980). The safety climate within an organisation influences an employee’s perception of safety. For example, when management is firmly committed to safety, it is assumed that employees are more likely to demonstrate safety commitment. Therefore, researchers and practitioners need to recognise the importance of the organisational safety climate because it may influence employee safety behaviour and help better understand incidents preceding accidents and injuries (Lu and Yang, 2011: 329-330).Based on the relevant literature and the developed hypotheses, this study aims to identify the reactions of cabin crew members to CRM training and to evaluate whether CRM training influences flight safety attitudes and whether these attitudes turn into behaviours. The research model considers the perceived usefulness of CRM training, organisational safety climate, attitudes towards CRM, and safety behaviour as variables. The independent variables were the perceived usefulness of CRM training and organisational safety climate, while the dependent variables were the cabin crew’s attitudes towards CRM and their safety behaviours. This study examines the relationships between these variables after the provision of CRM training. Another research objective is to determine whether attitudes towards CRM mediate the effect of CRM training and organisational safety climate on safety behaviour. In line with these objectives, statistical analyses were conducted based on the data obtained from the cabin crew members through a quantitative research approach, and the findings were presented and evaluated.&nbsp;Primary data for this study were collected from cabin crew members working in the airline industry who had participated in CRM training, using the “online survey method,” one of the survey methods. Psychometric measurement tools based on the Likert scale included the CRM Training Approach (Usefulness of CRM Training) Scale developed by Bennett (2018), the Organizational Safety Climate Scale developed by Neal and Griffin (2006), the CRM Attitude Scale adapted from Şekerli’s (2006) study and developed by Birgören (2015), and the Safety Behavior Scale developed by Chen and Chen (2014). A convenience sampling method, which is a non-probability sampling method, was used to reach cabin crew members who had participated in CRM training (basic, recurrent, or purser), and data were obtained from 421 participants. The obtained data were coded, classified, and analysed using SPSS and AMOS statistical software. Structural equation modelling was used to determine the relationships between variables and their mediating role, and the hypotheses proposed in the research were tested within the framework of the pathways established between variables.&nbsp;The findings obtained in this study indicate that factors such as organisational safety climate and the perceived usefulness of CRM training impact employees’ attitudes towards safety and safety behaviours. The organisation’s approach to safety and employees’ attitudes towards CRM training are crucial in forming the necessary attitudes and behaviours for establishing cabin safety. The findings from the analyses, which identified the mediating effect, also showed that attitudes towards CRM mediate the relationship between safety behaviour and CRM. Organisational safety climate indirectly impacts safety behaviour through attitudes towards CRM. Additionally, the perceived usefulness of CRM training has a higher indirect effect than the organisational safety climate. In other words, a specific attitude towards safety is formed, leading to safety behaviours. Therefore, improving the organisational safety climate, increasing CRM training efficiency, and encouraging positive attitudes towards CRM can enhance safety behaviours. These results emphasise the importance of CRM practises in the civil aviation industry.&nbsp;CRM training plays a significant role in forming specific attitudes and behaviours related to safety. From this perspective, these findings reinforce the importance of CRM training and yield positive outcomes. These results highlight the importance of airline companies investing in organisational safety climate and CRM training to enhance employees’ safety behaviours.Since the structural research model examined in this study is original, there is a certain limitation in discussing the findings related to the relationships; however, these findings are in line with studies in the literature that emphasise the importance of similar CRM trainings (e.g., Yamamori and Mito, 1993; Simpson and Wiggins, 1995; Morey et al., 1997; Helmreich et al., 1999; Salas et al., 2006; Ricci and Brumsted, 2012; Birgören, 2015; Jimenez et al., 2015). These findings highlight the significance of factors such as organizational safety climate and CRM training to enhance positive attitudes and behaviours related to safety in the aviation industry.&nbsp;Based on these findings, it can be recommended that airline companies focus on improving employees’ attitudes towards CRM and, consequently, enhance their safety behaviours. It would also be beneficial for training developers to consider the findings and evaluations from this study to make practical contributions. Drawing from this study, it is essential to emphasise that airline companies should regularly review their policies related to CRM training and organisational safety climate, placing greater emphasis on these issues and fostering continuous safety awareness among employees. By investing more in CRM training, airlines can improve employees’ attitudes towards CRM and enhance safety behaviours. Improving the organisational safety climate can also enhance safety perception and support safety behaviours.In addition to these points, it is necessary to note that this study is based on quantitative data obtained from a specific sample. Therefore, its generalizability is limited to the research sample framework. Furthermore, all data were collected through surveys, subject to the inherent limitations of the survey responses, assuming that the participants' answers were accurate and honest. Additionally, the data were collected from only one specific sector, further limiting the generalizability of the findings. The data were gathered at a single time and cross-sectional, meaning that there was no longitudinal information on whether changes occurred over time. Taking these limitations into consideration is essential for the design of future studies.

The Effect of Crew Resource Management (CRM) Trainings and Organizational Safety Climate on the Safety Attitude and Behavior of Cabin Crew in Airlines

Merve

Sky-High Style: An Overview and Research Agenda on Aesthetic Labour in the Airline Industry from a Gender Perspective

Vahap

Prof. Dr.

To Err is Human

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The primary aim of this journal is to publish articles that center on the study of human factors in aviation and aerospace sciences, aviation and aerospace psychology, organizational behavior in the aviation industry, and crew resource management. We invite submissions covering different dimensions of aviation and aerospace research with the emphasis on human factors. Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace is an online, open-access, peer-reviewed journal published twice a year (April and October) by the Institute for Aviation Psychology Research. The publication language of the journal is English and Turkish. For articles written in Turkish, an extended abstract in English is required. There are no submission fees, publication fees, or page charges for this journal.

Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics. Ethics committee approval must be obtained for all research that requires ethics committee approval, and this approval must be stated and documented in the method section.

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Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace

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The primary aim of this journal is to publish articles that center on the study of human factors in aviation and aerospace sciences, aviation and aerospace psychology, organizational behavior in the aviation industry, and crew resource management. We invite submissions covering different dimensions of aviation and aerospace research with the emphasis on human factors. Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace is an online, open-access, peer-reviewed journal published twice a year (April and October) by the Institute for Aviation Psychology Research. The publication language of the journal is English and Turkish. For articles written in Turkish, an extended abstract in English is required. There are no submission fees, publication fees, or page charges for this journal.Our journal is inter- and multidisciplinary in nature, covering a wide scope of areas:<ul><li>Aviation and aerospace psychology </li><li>Crew resource management</li><li>Aviation accidents and incidents</li><li>Organizational behavior in aviation</li><li>Human-machine interactions in aviation and aerospace </li><li>Human performance, limitations, and errors in aviation</li><li>Soft skills and competencies required for aviation professionals</li><li>HRM functions in aviation</li><li>Personnel selection in aviation industries</li><li>Cognitive abilities involved in performing aviation-related tasks</li><li>Effects of spaceflight on psychological health</li><li>Selection and training of astronauts and space travellers.</li></ul>

Aim and Scope

The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>The subjects covered in the manuscripts submitted to the Journal for publication must be in accordance with the aim and scope of the Journal. Only those manuscripts approved by every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Changing the name of an author (omission, addition or order) in papers submitted to the Journal requires written permission of all declared authors.Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unethical behaviors. All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication.Plagiarism Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. If plagiarism/self-plagiarism will be found authors will be informed. Editors may resubmit manuscript for similarity check at any peer-review or production stage if required. High similarity scores may lead to rejection of a manuscript before and even after acceptance. Depending on the type of article and the percentage of similarity score taken from each article, the overall similarity score is generally expected to be less than 15 or 20%.Double Blind Peer-Review After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by the editors-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope. The editor provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles and hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Policies

The journal is an open access journal and all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Except for commercial purposes, users are allowed to read, download, copy, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read" target="_blank">BOAI</a> definition of open access.The open access articles in the journal are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) license.

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Istanbul University. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. There is no article processing charges or submission fees for any submitted or accepted articles.

Authors publishing with the journal retain the copyright to their work licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC 4.0</a>) (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</a> ) and grant the Publisher non-exclusive commercial right to publish the work. CC BY-NC 4.0 license permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Editor should consider publishing correction if minor errors that do not effect the results, interpretations and conclusions of the published paper are detected. Editor should consider retraction if major errors and/or misconduction that invalidate results and conclusions are detected.Editor should consider issuing an expression of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; there is evidence that the findings are not reliable and institutions of the authors do not investigate the case or the possible investigation seems to be unfair or nonconclusive.The guidelines of <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/complete-set-english" target="_blank">COPE</a> and <a href="https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/" target="_blank">ICJME</a> are taken into consideration regarding correction, retractions or expression of concern.RetractionJournal follows <a href="https://publicationethics.org/sites/default/files/retraction-guidelines-cope.pdf" target="_blank">COPE’s Retraction Guidelines</a> in case of retraction. The editor has the right to retract an article if: <ul><li>There is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable; either as a result of a major error (e.g. miscalculation or experimental error), or as a result of fabrication (e.g. of data) or falsification (e.g. image manipulation).</li><li>It contains plagiarised content. </li><li>It has been published elsewhere without proper attribution. </li><li>It contains material or data without authorisation for use.</li><li>There is copyright infringement or there is some other serious legal issue.</li><li>It reports unethical research. </li><li>There is evidence that the peer-review process is compromised or manipulated.</li><li>The author(s) failed to disclose a significant competing interest (also known as a conflict of interest) that, in the opinion of the editor, would have unduly influenced the interpretation of the work or the recommendations of the editors and peer reviewers.</li></ul>In case of retraction the following steps are followed:<ul><li>Retraction notice including article title is published in a subsequent issue of the journal. The retraction notice is paginated and listed in the table of contents. </li><li>A link is provided between the retraction notice and the original article in the electronic version. </li><li>The online article is preceded by a page containing the retraction notice; the reader can then proceed to the article itself.</li><li>The original article remains unchanged, except for a watermark on the .pdf on each page stating that it has been &#34;retracted”.</li></ul>Article Removal for Legal ReasonsIn the following circumstances, except the metadata (title and authors), the text of the article is removed and a page informing that the article has been removed for legal reasons replaces the article. <ul><li>The article is found to be defamatory or to infringe the legal rights of others, and retraction is not deemed to be an adequate solution.</li><li>The article has been, or is reasonably likely to be the subject of a court order.</li><li>There is a significant risk to public health. </li></ul>

To guarantee that all papers published in the journal are maintained and permanently accessible, articles are stored in Dergipark which serves as a  national archival web site and at the same time permits LOCKSS to  collect, preserve, and serve the content.Additionally, authors are encouraged to self-archive the final PDF version of their articles in open electronic archives with  that conform to standards of Open Archives Initiative (<a href="https://www.openarchives.org/" target="_blank">https://www.openarchives.org/</a>). Authors should provide a link from the deposited version to the URL of IUPress journal website.

Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and pays regard to Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing published by the <a href="https://publicationethics.org/" target="_blank">Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)</a>, the <a href="https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/#principles-of-transparency-and-best-practice-in-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)</a>, the <a href="https://oaspa.org/" target="_blank">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)</a>, and the <a href="https://www.wame.org/" target="_blank">World Association of Medical Editors (WAME)</a> on <a href="https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing" target="_blank">https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines-new/principles-transparency-and-best-practice-scholarly-publishing</a>All submissions must be original, unpublished (including as full text in conference proceedings), and not under the review of any other publication synchronously. Authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.Each manuscript is reviewed at least two referees under double-blind peer review process. Plagiarism, duplication, fraud authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, salami slicing/salami publication, breaching of copyrights, prevailing conflict of interest are unnethical behaviors.All manuscripts not in accordance with the accepted ethical standards will be removed from the publication. This also contains any possible malpractice discovered after the publication. In accordance with the code of conduct we will report any cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publishing.

Ethics

Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace adheres to the highest standards in research ethics and follows the principles of international research ethics as defined below. The authors are responsible for the compliance of the manuscripts with the ethical rules.<ul><li>Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be sustained in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.</li><li>The research team and participants should be fully informed about the aim, methods, possible uses and requirements of the research and risks of participation in research.</li><li>The confidentiality of the information provided by the research participants and the confidentiality of the respondents should be ensured. The research should be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants.</li><li>Research participants should participate in the research voluntarily, not under any coercion.</li><li>Any possible harm to participants must be avoided. The research should be planned in such a way that the participants are not at risk.</li><li>The independence of research must be clear; and any conflict of interest or must be disclosed.</li><li>In experimental studies with human subjects, written informed consent of the participants who decide to participate in the research must be obtained. In the case of children and those under wardship or with confirmed insanity, legal custodian’s assent must be obtained.</li><li>If the study is to be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from this institution or organization.</li><li>In studies with human subject, it must be noted in the method’s section of the manuscript that the informed consent of the participants and ethics committee approval from the institution where the study has been conducted have been obtained.</li></ul>

It is authors’ responsibility to ensure that the article is in accordance with scientific and ethical standards and rules. And authors must ensure that submitted work is original. They must certify that the manuscript has not previously been published elsewhere or is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere, in any language. Applicable copyright laws and conventions must be followed. Copyright material (e.g. tables, figures or extensive quotations) must be reproduced only with appropriate permission and acknowledgement. Any work or words of other authors, contributors, or sources must be appropriately credited and referenced.All the authors of a submitted manuscript must have direct scientific and academic contribution to the manuscript. The author(s) of the original research articles is defined as a person who is significantly involved in “conceptualization and design of the study”, “collecting the data”, “analyzing the data”, “writing the manuscript”, “reviewing the manuscript with a critical perspective” and “planning/conducting the study of the manuscript and/or revising it”. Fund raising, data collection or supervision of the research group are not sufficient roles to be accepted as an author. The author(s) must meet all these criteria described above. The order of names in the author list of an article must be a co-decision and it must be indicated in the <a href="https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/9304324A991A4DB89BCF6C0E39962560" target="_blank">Copyright Agreement Form.</a> The individuals who do not meet the authorship criteria but contributed to the study must take place in the acknowledgement section. Individuals providing technical support, assisting writing, providing a general support, providing material or financial support are examples to be indicated in acknowledgement section.All authors must disclose all issues concerning financial relationship, conflict of interest, and competing interest that may potentially influence the results of the research or scientific judgment. When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her own published paper, it is the author’s obligation to promptly cooperate with the Editor-in-Chief to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes.

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.The editor hands over the papers matching the formal rules to at least two national/international referees for double-blind peer review evaluation and gives green light for publication upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.

Peer Review

Editor-in-Chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors. He/She provides a fair double-blind peer review of the submitted articles for publication and ensures that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential before publishing.Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the contents and overall quality of the publication. He/She must publish errata pages or make corrections when needed.Editor-in-Chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers. Only he has the full authority to assign a reviewer and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers must have no conflict of interest with respect to the research, the authors and/or the research funders. Their judgments must be objective.Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees must be ensured. In particular situations, the editor may share the review of one reviewer with other reviewers to clarify a particular point.

Only those manuscripts approved by its every individual author and that were not published before in or sent to another journal, are accepted for evaluation.Submitted manuscripts that pass preliminary control are scanned for plagiarism using iThenticate software. After plagiarism check, the eligible ones are evaluated by editor-in-chief for their originality, methodology, the importance of the subject covered and compliance with the journal scope.  Editor-in-chief evaluates manuscripts for their scientific content without regard to ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, citizenship, religious belief or political philosophy of the authors and ensures a fair double-blind peer review of the selected manuscripts.The selected manuscripts are sent to at least two national/international external referees for evaluation and publication decision is given by editor-in-chief  upon modification by the authors in accordance with the referees’ claims.Editor in chief does not allow any conflicts of interest between the authors, editors and reviewers and is responsible for final decision for publication of the manuscripts in the Journal.Reviewers’ judgments must be objective. Reviewers’ comments on the following aspects are expected while conducting the review.<ul><li>Does the manuscript contain new and significant information?</li><li>Does the abstract clearly and accurately describe the content of the manuscript?</li><li>Is the problem significant and concisely stated?</li><li>Are the methods described comprehensively?</li><li>Are the interpretations and consclusions justified by the results?</li><li>Is adequate references made to other Works in the field?</li><li>Is the language acceptable?</li></ul>Reviewers must ensure that all the information related to submitted manuscripts is kept as confidential and must report to the editor if they are aware of copyright infringement and plagiarism on the author’s side.A reviewer who feels unqualified to review the topic of a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process.The editor informs the reviewers that the manuscripts are confidential information and that this is a privileged interaction. The reviewers and editorial board cannot discuss the manuscripts with other persons. The anonymity of the referees is important.

<ul><li>Times New Roman 12-point and double spaced should be used.</li><li>There is no word and page limit.</li><li>Original research, review, meta-analysis and document analysis articles are accepted. The publication language of the journal is English and Turkish.</li><li>All correspondence will be sent to the first-named author unless otherwise specified. Manuscpript is to be submitted online and it must be accompanied by a title page including information about the manuscript (see the Submission Checklist) and cover letter to the editor. Manuscripts should be prepared in Microsoft Word 2003 and upper versions. In addition, Copyright Agreement Form that has to be signed by all authors must be submitted.</li><li>In-text and end-text reference format should be prepared according to APA-7 style.</li><li>There are no limits for the number of tables and figures.</li><li>The text should consist of the following sections; abstract (Turkish and English), extended English abstract (for the articles written in Turkish), introduction (literature), method, results, discussion, reference list, tables and figures, appendices (when necessary).</li><li>English and Turkish abstracts should be 200 words. For articles written in Turkish, an extended abstract in English is required. The extended English abstract should be between 600-800 words and include introduction, method, results, and discussion titles. </li><li>Tables and figures should be submitted as a separate document. The tables and figures should be placed in the main text, specifically mentioning their number (For instance, “Table 1 should be placed here.’’).</li></ul>

Author Guidelines

Author(s) are expected to cite primary sources in their studies.References to articles published as Early View should be given as &#34;publication in preparation&#34;.The author(s) are responsible for the accuracy of the references. All sources should be cited in the text and listed alphabetically.Reference Style and Format-    Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, adopts 7th edition of APA (American Psychological Association) style for in-text citation and references. The rules for this style can be found at the link below:-    <a href="https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/" target="_blank">https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/</a>-    References should be cited as indicated in the examples below.In-Text CitationSources should be indicated in the text by writing the surnames of the authors and the publication date in parentheses. If more than one source is to be shown, a semicolon (;) should be inserted between the sources. References should be listed alphabetically.Citations in the TextCitations must be indicated with the author surname and publication year and page number within the parenthesis. If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;). References should be listed alphabeticallySamples: Citation with one author; (Carpentier, 2011) Carpentier (2011)Citation with two authors; (Deleuze &amp; Guattari, p. 1992) Deleuze and Guattari (1992) aim to explain schizophrenia in a positive manner (p. 45).Citation with three or more authors; (Curran et al., 2009) Citation with abbreviation: First Citation: (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2020) Next Citations: (WHO, 2020) First Citation: World Health Organisation (WHO, 2020) Next Citations: WHO (2020)To avoid ambiguity in in-text citations If the same author published more than one study in the same year: (Fiske, 2010a) (Fiske, 2010b) &#8288;If the first authors of multiple references share the same surname but have different initials, include the first authors’ initials in all in-text citations, even if the year of publication differs. (A.    A. Berger, 2010; J. Berger, 2010) If the authors of the same publication have the same surname, there is no need to include the first letters of their names. (Chen &amp; Chen, 2019)  Direct quotations When citing directly, sentence(s) are enclosed in quotation marks and page numbers are also indicated in in-text quotations. According to Luhmann (1982), “Subjectivity is an abstract term invented by philosophers which does not refer to human beings. The real subject of social action is the social system” (p. 324). If more than one citation is made within the same paranthesis, separate them with (;). References should be listed alphabetically. (Mulvey, 2012; Ryan &amp; Kellner, 2012, p. 152).Citations in the Reference All the citations done in the text should be listed in the References section in alphabetical order of author surname without numbering. Below given examples should be considered in citing the references.Book a) Citation with one author; Berger, A. A. (2017). Media analysis techniques. Sage Publications. Kamien R., &amp; Kamien A. (2014). Music: An appreciation. McGraw-Hill Education.b) Translated book Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punishment: The birth of the prison. (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Vintage Books.c) Book with Multiple Authors Bordwell, D. &amp; Thompson, K. (2010). Film Art: An Introduction. McGraw-Hill.ç) Edited book Miller, T., &amp; Stam, R. (Eds.). (2004). A companion to film theory (Vol. 18). John Wiley &amp; Sons.d) Chapter in an Edited Book Jenkins, H. (2004). The work of theory in the age of digital transformation. T. Miller &amp; R. Stam (Eds.), A Companion to Film Theory (pp. 234-261). Blackwell.e) Chapter in the translation book Schmeder, G. (2015). İşbölümü dinamiğinde kopmalar ve kesintiler. C. Vercellone (Ed.) ve D. Kundakçı (Trans.). Bilişsel kapitalizm. (1st ed., 61-75). Otonom Yayıncılık.Piaget, J. (1988). Extracts from Piaget’s theory (G. Gellerier &amp; J. Langer, Trans.). In K. Richardson &amp; S. Sheldon (Eds.) Cognitive development to adolescence: A reader (pp. 3-18). Hillsdale, NJ:Erlbaum. (Reprinted from Manual of child psychology, pp. 703-732, by P.H. Myssen, Ed., 1970. Wiley)f) Book Review Gül Ünlü, D. (2018). Kitap incelemesi [Şeffaflık toplumu: Şeffaf toplumun eleştirisi üzerine bir okuma]. Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, 28, 279-290. http://iletisimdergisi.gsu.edu.tr/tr/pub/issue/37677/436058Seo, S. (2016). [Review of the book Journalism and Human Rights: How Demographics Drive Media Coverage by John C. Pollock]. Journal of Communication, 66 (6), E-15-E-17. https://academic.oup.com/joc/article-abstract/66/6/E15/4082402?redirectedFrom=fulltextg) Book with Organization as Author American Psychological Association. (2009). Crediting sources: Citing references in text. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed., p. 177).Articlea) Article Seyidov, I. (2020). On conceptual and methodological deficiencies of data journalism-related studies in Turkey. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 58, 273-289. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2020-0070 b) Online article without DOI Grist, L. (2007). Masculinity, violence, resistance: A new psychoanalytic reading of Raging Bull. Atlantis, 29(1), 11-27. Retrieved from https://go.gale.com/c) Popular magazine article Salmon, C. (2016, Oct). Ken Loach is right: British film and TV has become too cosy and conservative. Little White Lies. https://lwlies.com/articles/ken-loach-fake-nostalgia-tv-period-dramas/Thesis, Symposiuma) Thesis Kendrick, J. (2005). Screen violence and the new Hollywood [Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation]. Indiana University. https://www.proquest.com/openview/433bbaa0b9973dad53d0aa735d1f941a/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=18750&amp;diss=yb) Symposium contribution Gündüz, U. &amp; Pembecioğlu N. (2021, October, 26-27). Covid-19. H. Adıyaman (Chairs), The health agenda of media in the lights of information ethics and the Covid-19 sentiment analysis of garlic news [Symposium]. 18. International Communication in the Millennium Symposium, Erzurum, Turkey.Other Sourcesa) Newspaper Article Lee, E. (2019, February 1). Digital Media: What Went Wrong. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/01/business/media/buzzfeed-digital-media-wrong.htmlb) İnternet sayfası kaynakları Bordwell, D. (2013, June 18). David Koepp: Making the world movie-sized. http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/page/27/ adresinden 15 Eylül 2020 tarihinde alınmıştır.c) Official publications and press release Turkish Statistical Institute (2022). Foreign Trade Statistics (Publication number: 45536). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Foreign-Trade-Statistics-January-2022-45536&amp;dil=2 The White House, Office of the Press Secretary. (2010, August 4). Administration officials continue travel across the country holding “Recovery Summer” events [Press release]. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/realitycheck/the-press-office/administration-officials-continue-travel-across-country-holding-recovery-summer-eveç) Dictionary Oxford University Press. (n.d.). Communication. In Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved January 1, 2022, from https://www.lexico.com/definition/communicationd) Podcast West, S. (2020, December). On Media pt. 1- Manufacturing Consent (Episode 148) [Audio podcast]. In Philosophize this!. https://open.spotify.com/episode/04YIh1REL6KOxlnaJWlvfh?si=86782f420d744114e) Video/Film Zizek, S. (2008). Violence [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_x0eyNkNpL0 Scorsese, M. (Director). (1976). Taxi Driver [Film]. Columbia Pictures.f) TV series Chase, D. (Producer). (1999-2007). The Sopranos [TV Series]. HBO.g) Social Media Manovich, L. [@manovich]. In the late 1990s South Korea became the leader in Internet connections, and they launched one of the first social networks Cyworld. Next, they used YouTube to create k-pop global popularity. Can they repeat their success in metaverse? [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/manovich/status/1462405978356207626  [Tweet] for Twitter, [Twitter profile] etc., [Facebook status] for Facebook, [Timeline] etc., [Picture] for Instagram, [Highlight] can be used.

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Issue Type	Regular
Editor(s)	Cem Güney Özveren
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Human Factors in Aviation and Aerospace

VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2, 2024

Examining Job Satisfaction and Its Sub-Dimensions in Air Traffic Control

Perception of Safety Management and Safety Culture Among AbInitio Pilots

The Effect of Crew Resource Management (CRM) Trainings and Organizational Safety Climate on the Safety Attitude and Behavior of Cabin Crew in Airlines

Sky-High Style: An Overview and Research Agenda on Aesthetic Labour in the Airline Industry from a Gender Perspective

To Err is Human

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