Research Article


DOI :10.26650/ijegeo.1588357   IUP :10.26650/ijegeo.1588357    Full Text (PDF)

Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Black Sea Surface Waters

Hakan AtabayErtuğrul Aslanİbrahim TanLeyla Gamze TolunNuray Çağlar Balkıs

This study presents a comprehensive spatial and temporal analysis of heavy metal contamination in the surface sea waters of the Black Sea. A total of 382 samples were collected from 56 sampling stations across seven sampling periods and subsequently analysed. The concentration levels, spatial and temporal distribution, contamination degree, and correlations with environmental parameters for eight heavy metals (Cu, Zn, As, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Co) were examined. The findings revealed that heavy metal contamination was mainly observed in areas influenced by rivers with high industrial discharges and agricultural activities, regions affected by deep sea discharges, and locations associated with port operations.

In the Black Sea, unfavourable land conditions have led to the discharge of untreated domestic and industrial waste water, mainly through deep sea outfalls. In addition, the siting of industrial facilities in coastal areas and riverine discharges contribute to localised water pollution problems. Heavy metal concentrations were found in the following order: Cu>Zn>As>Ni>Cr>Pb>Cd>Co. Heavy metal concentrations were generally higher in winter than in summer. Copper concentrations exceeded Türkiye's seawater quality standards during the winter seasons. Based on contamination factor (CF) values, 57.3% of the measurements indicated low contamination, 7.6% moderate, 8.9% considerable, and 26.2% very high levels of copper contamination. The CF values for As and Cd at stations influenced by the Samsun deep sea discharge occasionally reached considerable and high levels. The contamination factor (CF) values for all other heavy metals measured along the Black Sea coast were <1, indicating low levels of contamination. 


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APA

Atabay, H., Aslan, E., Tan, İ., Tolun, L.G., & Çağlar Balkıs, N. (2024). Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Black Sea Surface Waters. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 11(4), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.26650/ijegeo.1588357


AMA

Atabay H, Aslan E, Tan İ, Tolun L G, Çağlar Balkıs N. Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Black Sea Surface Waters. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics. 2024;11(4):17-28. https://doi.org/10.26650/ijegeo.1588357


ABNT

Atabay, H.; Aslan, E.; Tan, İ.; Tolun, L.G.; Çağlar Balkıs, N. Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Black Sea Surface Waters. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, [Publisher Location], v. 11, n. 4, p. 17-28, 2024.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Atabay, Hakan, and Ertuğrul Aslan and İbrahim Tan and Leyla Gamze Tolun and Nuray Çağlar Balkıs. 2024. “Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Black Sea Surface Waters.” International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 11, no. 4: 17-28. https://doi.org/10.26650/ijegeo.1588357


Chicago: Humanities Style

Atabay, Hakan, and Ertuğrul Aslan and İbrahim Tan and Leyla Gamze Tolun and Nuray Çağlar Balkıs. Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Black Sea Surface Waters.” International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 11, no. 4 (Dec. 2024): 17-28. https://doi.org/10.26650/ijegeo.1588357


Harvard: Australian Style

Atabay, H & Aslan, E & Tan, İ & Tolun, LG & Çağlar Balkıs, N 2024, 'Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Black Sea Surface Waters', International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 17-28, viewed 22 Dec. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/ijegeo.1588357


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Atabay, H. and Aslan, E. and Tan, İ. and Tolun, L.G. and Çağlar Balkıs, N. (2024) ‘Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Black Sea Surface Waters’, International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 11(4), pp. 17-28. https://doi.org/10.26650/ijegeo.1588357 (22 Dec. 2024).


MLA

Atabay, Hakan, and Ertuğrul Aslan and İbrahim Tan and Leyla Gamze Tolun and Nuray Çağlar Balkıs. Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Black Sea Surface Waters.” International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, vol. 11, no. 4, 2024, pp. 17-28. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/ijegeo.1588357


Vancouver

Atabay H, Aslan E, Tan İ, Tolun LG, Çağlar Balkıs N. Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Black Sea Surface Waters. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics [Internet]. 22 Dec. 2024 [cited 22 Dec. 2024];11(4):17-28. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/ijegeo.1588357 doi: 10.26650/ijegeo.1588357


ISNAD

Atabay, Hakan - Aslan, Ertuğrul - Tan, İbrahim - Tolun, LeylaGamze - Çağlar Balkıs, Nuray. Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Black Sea Surface Waters”. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 11/4 (Dec. 2024): 17-28. https://doi.org/10.26650/ijegeo.1588357



TIMELINE


Submitted21.11.2024
Accepted06.12.2024
Published Online20.12.2024

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