İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy

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DOI :10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1469498   IUP :10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1469498    Full Text (PDF)

A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products

İçim Gökkaya, Didem Akkaya, Seher Ersoy, Burak Barut, Gülin Renda

Background and Aims: Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) is an important medicinal plant with broad pharmaco' logical activities. Because of their antioxidant activity, products prepared from rosemary extracts are used worldwide. There is no study comparing the antioxidant activities of the commercial products of R. officinalis sold in Türkiye. The study aimed to obtain an extract from rosemary with the highest antioxidant capacity that can be evaluated industrially.

Methods: Two commercial products containing rosemary extract available for sale in Türkiye were obtained. Rosemary samples collected from both Trabzon (T) and Aydın (A) were extracted with 100% methanol, 70% methanol, 100% acetone, 100% ethyl acetate, and 30% ethanol. In addition, basic and acidic hydrolysis were used to prepare rosemary extracts with a high phenolic content. The antioxidant capacities of all samples were examined using in vitro 2,2'diphenyl'1'picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric'reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and phosphomolibdenum'reducing antioxidant power (PRAP) test systems.

Results: It was demonstrated that the rosemary extracts obtained by one'step base hydrolysis were the most effective in DPPH (IC₅₀ values of 12.0 ± 0.1 µg/mL for A and T, respectively), FRAP (A: 500.2 ± 26.4 mg butylated hdroxyanisole equivalents (BHAE)/g extract, T: 487.4 ± 13.5 mg BHAE/g extract, and PRAP (A: 736.6 ± 25.1 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g extract, T: 841.8 ± 24.1 mg QE/g extract) assays. These rosemary extracts had the highest total phenolic content (A: 1158.0 ± 11.3 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract, T: 1382.5 ± 11.5 mg GAE/g extract). The rosemary extracts obtained from one'step base hydrolysis were more active than the commercial preparations.

Conclusion: This is the first study to compare the antioxidant properties of rosemary commercial products with different extraction methods. These findings provide a significant contribution to the literature by revealing various extraction methods that can be used in the development of products with high antioxidant effects from rosemary. 

Keywords: Antioxidant, Commercial product, Extraction techniques, Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis

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APA

Gökkaya, İ., Akkaya, D., Ersoy, S., Barut, B., & Renda, G. (2025). A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 55(1), 101-108. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1469498


AMA

Gökkaya İ, Akkaya D, Ersoy S, Barut B, Renda G. A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy. 2025;55(1):101-108. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1469498


ABNT

Gökkaya, İ.; Akkaya, D.; Ersoy, S.; Barut, B.; Renda, G. A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, [Publisher Location], v. 55, n. 1, p. 101-108, 2025.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Gökkaya, İçim, and Didem Akkaya and Seher Ersoy and Burak Barut and Gülin Renda. 2025. “A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products.” İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 55, no. 1: 101-108. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1469498


Chicago: Humanities Style

Gökkaya, İçim, and Didem Akkaya and Seher Ersoy and Burak Barut and Gülin Renda. “A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products.” İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 55, no. 1 (Aug. 2025): 101-108. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1469498


Harvard: Australian Style

Gökkaya, İ & Akkaya, D & Ersoy, S & Barut, B & Renda, G 2025, 'A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products', İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 101-108, viewed 17 Aug. 2025, https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1469498


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Gökkaya, İ. and Akkaya, D. and Ersoy, S. and Barut, B. and Renda, G. (2025) ‘A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products’, İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 55(1), pp. 101-108. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1469498 (17 Aug. 2025).


MLA

Gökkaya, İçim, and Didem Akkaya and Seher Ersoy and Burak Barut and Gülin Renda. “A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products.” İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 55, no. 1, 2025, pp. 101-108. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1469498


Vancouver

Gökkaya İ, Akkaya D, Ersoy S, Barut B, Renda G. A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy [Internet]. 17 Aug. 2025 [cited 17 Aug. 2025];55(1):101-108. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1469498 doi: 10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1469498


ISNAD

Gökkaya, İçim - Akkaya, Didem - Ersoy, Seher - Barut, Burak - Renda, Gülin. “A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 55/1 (Aug. 2025): 101-108. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1469498



TIMELINE


Submitted07.04.2024
Accepted27.01.2025
Published Online07.05.2025

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