İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy

SUBMITINFORMATION
EnglishTürkçe

Research Article


DOI :10.5152/IstanbulJPharm.2017.0013   IUP :10.5152/IstanbulJPharm.2017.0013    Full Text (PDF)

Evaluation of the anticancer effects of Aloe vera and aloe emodin on B16F10 murine melanoma and NIH3T3 mouse embryogenic fibroblast cells

Eda Çandöken, Dürdane Serap Kuruca, Nuriye Akev

Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. is well known for its beneficial effects on the skin. Moreover, the antioxidant, immunostimulant, and anticancer effects of the plant leaf extracts have been reported in scientific research. This study was conducted to demonstrate the cytotoxic effects of several leaf extracts and aloe emodin (AE) on a type of skin cancer. A. vera aqueous and methanolic extracts of fresh leaves, methanolic extract of dried leaves, and leaf gel extract (AVG) were prepared separately. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT test. Apoptosis and necrosis were detected by flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI. All the extracts exhibited a selective cytotoxic effect on the cells. The mechanism of AVG cytotoxicity on B16F10 murine melanoma cells was found to be apoptosis, whereas that of AE was necrosis. The observation that treatment with AVG delayed the apoptosis in NIH3T3 cells, while it exerted an apoptotic activity on B16F10 cells, provides some scientific evidence for the folkloric and alternative uses of A. vera gel as a protective and skin healer. Therefore, A. vera gel and aloe emodin can be used as potential targets for anticancer drug research. 

Keywords: Aloe vera, aloe gel, aloe emodin, melanoma, cytotoxicity

PDF View

References

  • Ahirwar K, Jain SK (2011). Aloe-emodin novel anticancer herbal drug. Int J Phytomed 3: 27-31. google scholar
  • Akev N, Can A, Sütlüpınar N, Çandöken E, Özsoy N, Yılmaz Özden T, Yanardağ R, Üzen E (2015). Twenty years of research on Aloe vera. J Fac Pharm Istanbul 45: 191-215. google scholar
  • Akev N, Turkay G, Can A, Gurel A, Yildiz F, Yardibi H, Ergul Ekiz E, Uzun H (2007). Effect of Aloe vera leaf pulp extract on Ehrlich ascites tumours in mice. Eur J Cancer Prev 16: 151-157. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Al-Oqail MM, El-Shaibany A, Al-Jassas E, Al-Sheddi ES, Al-Massarani SM, Farshori NN (2016). In vitro anti-proliferative activities of Aloe perryi flowers extract on human liver, colon, breast, lung, prostate and epithelial cancer cell lines. Pak J Pharm Sci 29(2 Suppl.): 723-729. google scholar
  • Capasso F, Borrelli F, Capasso R, Di Carlo G, Izzo AA, Pinto L et al. (1998). Aloe and its therapeutic use. Phytother Res 12: 124-127. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Cárdenas C, Quesada AR, Medina MA (2006). Evaluation of the anti-angiogenic effect of aloe-emodin. Cell Mol Life Sci 63: 3083- 3089. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Chandu AN, Kumar SC, Bhattacharjee C, Debnath S (2012). Cytotoxicity study of plant Aloe vera (Linn). Chronicles of Young Scientists 3: 233-235. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Chen S-H, Lin K-Y, Chang C-C, Fang C-L, Lin C-P (2007). Aloe-emodin-induced apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 45: 2296-2303. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Choi S, Chung M-H (2003). A review on the relationship between Aloe vera components and their biologic effects. Sem Integr Med 1: 53-62. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Chithra P, Sajithlal GB, Chandrakasan G (1998). Influence of Aloe vera on the glycosaminoglycans in the matrix of healing dermal wounds in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 59: 179-186. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Chiu T-H, Lai W-W, Hsia T-C, Yang J-S, Lai T-Y, Wu P-P, Ma C-Y, Yeh C-C, Ho C-C, Lu H-F, Gibson Wood W, Chung J-G (2009). Aloeemodin induces cell death through S-phase arrest and caspasedependent pathways in human tongue squamous cancer SCC-4 cells. Anticancer Res 29: 4503-4512. google scholar
  • Corsi MM, Bertelli AA, Gaja G, Fulgenzi A, Ferrero M.E (1998). The therapeutic potential of Aloe vera in tumor-bearing rats. Int J Tissue React 20: 115-118. google scholar
  • Dweck AC (2002). Herbal Medicine for the skin – their chemistry and effects on the skin and mucous membranes. Personal Care Magazine 3, 2: 19-21 google scholar
  • Du Plessis LH, Hamman JH (2014). In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic and apoptogenic properties of aloe whole leaf and gel materials. Drug Chem Toxicol 37:169-177. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Eshun K, He Q (2004). Aloe vera: a valuable ingredient for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries-a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 44: 91-96. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Heggers JP, Kucukcelebi A, Stabenau, CJ, Ko F, Broemeling LD, Robson MC, Winters WD (1995). Wound healing effects of Aloe gel and other topical antibacterial agents on rat skin. Phytother Res 9: 455-457. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Im S-A, Lee Y-R, Lee Y-H, Lee M-K, Park YI. Lee S et al (2010). In vivo evidence of the immunomodulatory activity of orally administered Aloe vera gel. Arch Pharm Res 33: 451-456. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Lee H-Z, Lin C-J, Yang W-H, Leung W-C, Chang S-P (2006). Aloe emodin induced DNA damage through generation of reactive oxygen species in human lung carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 239: 55-63. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Lin JG, Chen G, Li TM, Chouh ST, Tan TW, Chung G (2006). Aloeemodin induces apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cells through the p53 dependent apoptotic pathway. J Urol 175: 343- 347. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Mahbub AA, Le Maitre CL, Haywood-Small SL, McDougall GJ, Cross N., Jordan-Mahy N (2013). Differential effects of polyphenols on proliferation and apoptosis in human myeloid and lymphoid leukemia cell lines. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 13: 1601-1613. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Mosmann T (1983). Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 65: 55-63. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Nandal U, Bhardwaj RL (2012). Aloe vera for human nutrition, health and cosmetic use-A review. International Research Journal of Plant Science 3: 38-46. google scholar
  • Naveena Bharath BK, Selvasubramanian (2011). Antitumor activity of Aloe vera against Ehrlich ascitis carcinoma (EAC) in swiss albino mice. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 2: P400-P408. google scholar
  • Ozsoy N, Candoken E, Akev N (2009). Implications for degenerative disorders. Antioxidative activity, total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, α- tocopherol in Aloe vera. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2: 1-8. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Popadic D, Savic E, Ramic Z, Djordjevic V, Trajkovic V, Medenica L, Popadic S (2012). Aloe-emodin inhibits proliferation of adult human keratinocytes in vitro. J Cosmet Sci 63: 297-302. google scholar
  • Saini M, Goyal PK, Chaudhary G (2010). Anti-tumor activity of Aloe vera against DMBA/croton oil-induced skin papillomagenesis in Swiss albino mice. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 29: 127-35. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Shrestha A, Acharya A, Nagalakshmi NC (2015). Aloe vera as traditional medicinal plant: a review on its active constituents, biological and therapeutic effects. World J Pharm Res 4: 2146- 2161. google scholar
  • Srivastava R, Jyoti B, Pathak S, Wazir SS, Shukla A, Sajid Z (2014). Aloe vera: The herbal magic wand. J Clin Den Res Edu 3. google scholar
  • Strober W (2001). Trypan blue exclusion test of cell viability. Curr Protoc Immunol Appendix 3: Appendix 3B. doi: 10.1002/0471142735.ima03bs21. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Tabolacci C, Lentini A, Mattioli P, Provenzano B, Oliverio S, Carlomosti F, Beninati S (2010). Antitumor properties of aloe-emodin and induction of transglutaminase 2 activity in B16–F10 melanoma cells. Life Sci 87: 316-324. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Tsuda H, Matsumoto K, Ito M, Hirono I, Kawai K, Beppu H et al. (1993). Inhibitory effect of Aloe arborescens Miller var. nataliensis Berger (Kidachi aloe) on induction of preneoplastic focal lesions in the rat liver. Phtother Res 7: S43-S47. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Winters WD, Benavides R, Clouse,WJ (1981). Effects of Aloe extracts on human normal and tumor cells in vitro. Econ Bot 35: 89-95. [CrossRef ] google scholar
  • Yordanova A, Koprinarova M (2014). Is aloe-emodin a novel anticancer drug? Trakia Journal of Sciences 12, Suppl. 1: 92-95. google scholar

Citations

Copy and paste a formatted citation or use one of the options to export in your chosen format


EXPORT



APA

Çandöken, E., Kuruca, D.S., & Akev, N. (2017). Evaluation of the anticancer effects of Aloe vera and aloe emodin on B16F10 murine melanoma and NIH3T3 mouse embryogenic fibroblast cells. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 47(3), 77-83. https://doi.org/10.5152/IstanbulJPharm.2017.0013


AMA

Çandöken E, Kuruca D S, Akev N. Evaluation of the anticancer effects of Aloe vera and aloe emodin on B16F10 murine melanoma and NIH3T3 mouse embryogenic fibroblast cells. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy. 2017;47(3):77-83. https://doi.org/10.5152/IstanbulJPharm.2017.0013


ABNT

Çandöken, E.; Kuruca, D.S.; Akev, N. Evaluation of the anticancer effects of Aloe vera and aloe emodin on B16F10 murine melanoma and NIH3T3 mouse embryogenic fibroblast cells. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, [Publisher Location], v. 47, n. 3, p. 77-83, 2017.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Çandöken, Eda, and Dürdane Serap Kuruca and Nuriye Akev. 2017. “Evaluation of the anticancer effects of Aloe vera and aloe emodin on B16F10 murine melanoma and NIH3T3 mouse embryogenic fibroblast cells.” İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 47, no. 3: 77-83. https://doi.org/10.5152/IstanbulJPharm.2017.0013


Chicago: Humanities Style

Çandöken, Eda, and Dürdane Serap Kuruca and Nuriye Akev. “Evaluation of the anticancer effects of Aloe vera and aloe emodin on B16F10 murine melanoma and NIH3T3 mouse embryogenic fibroblast cells.” İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 47, no. 3 (May. 2025): 77-83. https://doi.org/10.5152/IstanbulJPharm.2017.0013


Harvard: Australian Style

Çandöken, E & Kuruca, DS & Akev, N 2017, 'Evaluation of the anticancer effects of Aloe vera and aloe emodin on B16F10 murine melanoma and NIH3T3 mouse embryogenic fibroblast cells', İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 77-83, viewed 26 May. 2025, https://doi.org/10.5152/IstanbulJPharm.2017.0013


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Çandöken, E. and Kuruca, D.S. and Akev, N. (2017) ‘Evaluation of the anticancer effects of Aloe vera and aloe emodin on B16F10 murine melanoma and NIH3T3 mouse embryogenic fibroblast cells’, İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 47(3), pp. 77-83. https://doi.org/10.5152/IstanbulJPharm.2017.0013 (26 May. 2025).


MLA

Çandöken, Eda, and Dürdane Serap Kuruca and Nuriye Akev. “Evaluation of the anticancer effects of Aloe vera and aloe emodin on B16F10 murine melanoma and NIH3T3 mouse embryogenic fibroblast cells.” İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 47, no. 3, 2017, pp. 77-83. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.5152/IstanbulJPharm.2017.0013


Vancouver

Çandöken E, Kuruca DS, Akev N. Evaluation of the anticancer effects of Aloe vera and aloe emodin on B16F10 murine melanoma and NIH3T3 mouse embryogenic fibroblast cells. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy [Internet]. 26 May. 2025 [cited 26 May. 2025];47(3):77-83. Available from: https://doi.org/10.5152/IstanbulJPharm.2017.0013 doi: 10.5152/IstanbulJPharm.2017.0013


ISNAD

Çandöken, Eda - Kuruca, DürdaneSerap - Akev, Nuriye. “Evaluation of the anticancer effects of Aloe vera and aloe emodin on B16F10 murine melanoma and NIH3T3 mouse embryogenic fibroblast cells”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 47/3 (May. 2025): 77-83. https://doi.org/10.5152/IstanbulJPharm.2017.0013



TIMELINE


Accepted05.10.2017

LICENCE


Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)

This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.


SHARE



Istanbul University Press aims to contribute to the dissemination of ever growing scientific knowledge through publication of high quality scientific journals and books in accordance with the international publishing standards and ethics. Istanbul University Press follows an open access, non-commercial, scholarly publishing.