İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy

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DOI :10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1424150   IUP :10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1424150    Full Text (PDF)

Mitragyna speciosa Korth. downregulates macrophage inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR-4 and increasing IL-10 production

Anwar Salm Kalifa Kafo, Rabia Mrehil Elsalami, Masriana Hassan

Background and Aims: Mitragyna speciosa Korth. is a tropical plant native to Asia with various medicinal properties. This study examined the immunotherapeutic potential of M. speciosa methanolic extract (MSME) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- stimulated activation of macrophages via the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and CD14 and downstream signalling cascades leading to the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-𝜅B), which potentially affects macrophage immune responses.

Methods: The expression of TLR-4/CD14 and NF-𝜅B genes in macrophages was determined in total RNA by qRT-PCR. Subsequently, the macrophage phagocytic activities and secretion of immune mediators such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines were evaluated by fluorescent latex beads uptake assay, 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA), and cytometric bead array, respectively, in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells.

Results: MSME significantly reduced macrophage-mediating inflammation by inhibiting TLR-4/CD14 signalling and subsequently suppressed the NF-𝜅B expression. Inhibition of TLR-4 by MSME attenuated macrophage phagocytic activity, which consequently reduced the production of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α. Interestingly, MSME significantly increased the production of IL-10, which supports the anti-inflammatory properties of M. speciosa.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest the therapeutic potential of MSME through the suppression of macrophage inflammatory responses mediated by IL-10 secretion. 

Keywords: Mitragyna speciosa; Macrophages; Anti-inflammatory; IL-10, TLR-4

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APA

Kafo, A.S., Elsalami, R.M., & Hassan, M. (2024). Mitragyna speciosa Korth. downregulates macrophage inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR-4 and increasing IL-10 production. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 54(3), 350-358. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1424150


AMA

Kafo A S, Elsalami R M, Hassan M. Mitragyna speciosa Korth. downregulates macrophage inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR-4 and increasing IL-10 production. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy. 2024;54(3):350-358. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1424150


ABNT

Kafo, A.S.; Elsalami, R.M.; Hassan, M. Mitragyna speciosa Korth. downregulates macrophage inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR-4 and increasing IL-10 production. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, [Publisher Location], v. 54, n. 3, p. 350-358, 2024.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Kafo, Anwar Salm Kalifa, and Rabia Mrehil Elsalami and Masriana Hassan. 2024. “Mitragyna speciosa Korth. downregulates macrophage inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR-4 and increasing IL-10 production.” İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 54, no. 3: 350-358. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1424150


Chicago: Humanities Style

Kafo, Anwar Salm Kalifa, and Rabia Mrehil Elsalami and Masriana Hassan. “Mitragyna speciosa Korth. downregulates macrophage inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR-4 and increasing IL-10 production.” İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 54, no. 3 (Mar. 2025): 350-358. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1424150


Harvard: Australian Style

Kafo, AS & Elsalami, RM & Hassan, M 2024, 'Mitragyna speciosa Korth. downregulates macrophage inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR-4 and increasing IL-10 production', İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 350-358, viewed 14 Mar. 2025, https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1424150


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Kafo, A.S. and Elsalami, R.M. and Hassan, M. (2024) ‘Mitragyna speciosa Korth. downregulates macrophage inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR-4 and increasing IL-10 production’, İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 54(3), pp. 350-358. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1424150 (14 Mar. 2025).


MLA

Kafo, Anwar Salm Kalifa, and Rabia Mrehil Elsalami and Masriana Hassan. “Mitragyna speciosa Korth. downregulates macrophage inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR-4 and increasing IL-10 production.” İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 54, no. 3, 2024, pp. 350-358. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1424150


Vancouver

Kafo AS, Elsalami RM, Hassan M. Mitragyna speciosa Korth. downregulates macrophage inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR-4 and increasing IL-10 production. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy [Internet]. 14 Mar. 2025 [cited 14 Mar. 2025];54(3):350-358. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1424150 doi: 10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1424150


ISNAD

Kafo, AnwarSalm Kalifa - Elsalami, RabiaMrehil - Hassan, Masriana. “Mitragyna speciosa Korth. downregulates macrophage inflammatory responses by inhibiting TLR-4 and increasing IL-10 production”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 54/3 (Mar. 2025): 350-358. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1424150



TIMELINE


Submitted24.01.2024
Accepted14.07.2024
Published Online30.12.2024

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