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DOI :10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1359269   IUP :10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1359269    Full Text (PDF)

Toxicity of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) during pregnancy and lactation

Göksu Canıtez, Rahime Şimşek, Deniz Arca Çakır, Hülya Tezel Yalçın, Terken Baydar, Pınar Erkekoğlu

 Major depressive disorder (depression) is a severe mood disorder. Lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the high incidence of depression in the population. The primary care treatment is provided by both psychotherapy and antidepressants. In the last 35years,selective serotoninreuptakeinhibitors (SSRIs)were used because of lower adverse effects when compared to tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. However, selective serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), which are second-generation antidepressants, are preferred over first-generation antidepressants by some physicians as they have broad uses nowadays. Anxiety disorders, depression, social phobia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), fibromyalgia syndrome, chronic neuropathic pain, and menopausal symptoms are among the conditions that can be treated with SNRIs. Although the effects of genetic factors and family history on these diseases, especially recurrence, are undeniable, these drugs provide a great deal of improvement. However, the use of SNRIs during pregnancy and lactation is still a debate. There is no definite judgment on whether a pregnant woman should use these drugs during pregnancy or not. As the rate of depression among pregnant women increases, this issue becomes more serious. A definitive answer has not been reached yet because studies on pregnant women cannot be carried out within the framework of ethical rules. In this review, the effects, toxicity, and safety of SNRIs during pregnancy and lactation are discussed.

Keywords: SNRI, antidepressant, serotonin, norepinephrine, pregnancy, lactation

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APA

Canıtez, G., Şimşek, R., Arca Çakır, D., Tezel Yalçın, H., Baydar, T., & Erkekoğlu, P. (2024). Toxicity of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) during pregnancy and lactation. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 54(2), 255-267. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1359269


AMA

Canıtez G, Şimşek R, Arca Çakır D, Tezel Yalçın H, Baydar T, Erkekoğlu P. Toxicity of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) during pregnancy and lactation. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy. 2024;54(2):255-267. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1359269


ABNT

Canıtez, G.; Şimşek, R.; Arca Çakır, D.; Tezel Yalçın, H.; Baydar, T.; Erkekoğlu, P. Toxicity of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) during pregnancy and lactation. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, [Publisher Location], v. 54, n. 2, p. 255-267, 2024.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Canıtez, Göksu, and Rahime Şimşek and Deniz Arca Çakır and Hülya Tezel Yalçın and Terken Baydar and Pınar Erkekoğlu. 2024. “Toxicity of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) during pregnancy and lactation.” İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 54, no. 2: 255-267. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1359269


Chicago: Humanities Style

Canıtez, Göksu, and Rahime Şimşek and Deniz Arca Çakır and Hülya Tezel Yalçın and Terken Baydar and Pınar Erkekoğlu. “Toxicity of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) during pregnancy and lactation.” İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 54, no. 2 (Nov. 2024): 255-267. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1359269


Harvard: Australian Style

Canıtez, G & Şimşek, R & Arca Çakır, D & Tezel Yalçın, H & Baydar, T & Erkekoğlu, P 2024, 'Toxicity of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) during pregnancy and lactation', İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 255-267, viewed 15 Nov. 2024, https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1359269


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Canıtez, G. and Şimşek, R. and Arca Çakır, D. and Tezel Yalçın, H. and Baydar, T. and Erkekoğlu, P. (2024) ‘Toxicity of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) during pregnancy and lactation’, İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, 54(2), pp. 255-267. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1359269 (15 Nov. 2024).


MLA

Canıtez, Göksu, and Rahime Şimşek and Deniz Arca Çakır and Hülya Tezel Yalçın and Terken Baydar and Pınar Erkekoğlu. “Toxicity of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) during pregnancy and lactation.” İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy, vol. 54, no. 2, 2024, pp. 255-267. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1359269


Vancouver

Canıtez G, Şimşek R, Arca Çakır D, Tezel Yalçın H, Baydar T, Erkekoğlu P. Toxicity of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) during pregnancy and lactation. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy [Internet]. 15 Nov. 2024 [cited 15 Nov. 2024];54(2):255-267. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1359269 doi: 10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1359269


ISNAD

Canıtez, Göksu - Şimşek, Rahime - Arca Çakır, Deniz - Tezel Yalçın, Hülya - Baydar, Terken - Erkekoğlu, Pınar. “Toxicity of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) during pregnancy and lactation”. İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy 54/2 (Nov. 2024): 255-267. https://doi.org/10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2024.1359269



TIMELINE


Submitted12.09.2023
Accepted27.02.2024
Published Online26.08.2024

LICENCE


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