Research Article


DOI :10.26650/di.2024.35.3.1430075   IUP :10.26650/di.2024.35.3.1430075    Full Text (PDF)

Legal Framework and Implementation Of Mediation In Child Custody Disputes At The Syariah Court Of Malaysia

Ahmad Mukhlis Mansor

The goal of resolving disagreements amicably has been emphasized in numerous Islamic legal texts. Since 2001, the Malaysian Shariah Court has offered mediation, or sulh, as a form of alternative conflict resolution. Sulh aspires to end the ongoing hostilities and restore peace between the parties. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the marital system among the Muslim community in Malaysia, leading to the practice of online sulh besides the normal face-to-face sulh, particularly in child custody dispute situations. The study employs a combination of library-based, qualitative research approaches and interviews with the sulh officers. This article explores the legislative framework and the implementation of sulh or mediation in the Syariah Court, with a particular emphasis on cases involving child custody issues. The study revealed that mediation is a suitable means of resolving family disputes, particularly the hadhanah or child custody disputes. Apart from that organized legislation, rules, and regulations make the implementation of mediation neat and orderly.

DOI :10.26650/di.2024.35.3.1430075   IUP :10.26650/di.2024.35.3.1430075    Full Text (PDF)

Malezya Şeriat Mahkemelerinde Çocuk Velayeti (Hidanesi) Anlaşmazlıklarında Arabuluculuğun Hukuki Çerçevesi ve Uygulaması

Ahmad Mukhlis Mansor

Uyuşmazlıkların dostane bir şekilde çözülmesi amacı birçok klasik fıkıh metninde vurgulanır. 2001 yılından bu yana, Malezya Şeriat Mahkemesi, alternatif bir uyuşmazlık çözüm yöntemi olarak arabuluculuk (uygulamadaki ismiyle sulh) hizmeti sunmaktadır. Sulh, taraflar arasındaki devam eden uyuşmazlıklara son vermeyi ve barışçıl anlaşmayı tesis etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. COVID-19 pandemisi, Malezya’daki Müslüman toplum içerisinde evlilik sistemini etkilemiş; bu durum, özellikle çocuk velayeti (hidane) anlaşmazlıklarında yüz yüze sulhun yanı sıra çevrimiçi sulh uygulamalarına da yol açmıştır. Bu çalışma, kütüphane temelli nitel araştırma yöntemleri ile sulh memurlarıyla yapılan görüşmeler bir arada kullanılarak Şeriat Mahkemesi’ndeki sulh ya da arabuluculuk uygulamalarının yasal çerçevesini ve özellikle çocuk velayeti (hidane) anlaşmazlıklarına odaklanarak bu uygulamaların nasıl hayata geçirildiğini incelemektedir. Makale, arabuluculuğun, özellikle hidane ya da çocuk velayeti anlaşmazlıklarında, aile içi uyuşmazlıkların çözümü için uygun bir yöntem olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca sistematik bir mevzuat içerisinde kurallar ve yönetmeliklerin varlığının, arabuluculuk uygulamalarını düzenli ve sistemli bir şekilde gerçekleştirmeye olanak tanıdığı tespit edilmiştir.


PDF View

References

  • Online interview via Zoom with Puan Nurulhuda Bt Dzulkifli, Head Sulh Officer at Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Pulau Pinang on August 5, 2021. google scholar
  • Online interview via Zoom with Tuan Haji Najarudin Bin Haji Nedri, Head Sulh Officer at Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Sarawak on August 5, 2021. google scholar
  • Ab Aziz, Norjihan, and Nasimah Hussin. “The Application of Mediation (Sulh) In Islamic Criminal Law.” Jurnal Syariah 24, no. 1 (2016). google scholar
  • Abdul Hak, N, and U A Oseni. “Syariah Court-Annexed Mediation in Malaysia-Some Problems and Prospects.” Asian Journal on Mediation 2011 (2011): 1-10. google scholar
  • Abdul Hak, Nora, and Hanna Khan. “The Application of Sulh in Resolving Community Disputes.” In 1st World Congress on Integration and Islamicisation of Acquired Human Knowledge (FWCII-2013), Prince Hotel & Residence, Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur, 2013. google scholar
  • Ahmad, Asmidah, Adzidah binti Yaakob, Kamilah Wati Mohd, Nor Aziah Mohd Awal, and Mohd. Al Adib Samuri. “Hak Penyertaan Kanak-Kanak Dalam Prosiding Sulh (Mediasi) Di Mahkamah Syariah.” Journal of Advanced Research Design 15, no. 1 (2015): 1-14. google scholar
  • Ahmad, Sa’odah. “User Satisfaction With Sulh (Mediation) in the Selangor Syariah Judicial Department.” Malaysian Journal of Consumer 19, no. December (2012): 125-41. https:// s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/44936808/Saodah__A._-__User_Satisfaction_ with_Sulh_Mediation_in_the_Department_of_Syariah_Judiciary_Selangor..pdf?AWSAccessK eyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1503204740&Signature=sRo7qZ7Dmm94fio SXQVLoqSSYpQ%25. google scholar
  • Ahmad, Sa’odah, and Nora Abdul Hak. “Sulh (Mediation) in the State of Selangor: An Analysis of Legal Provisions and Application.” IIUM Law Journal 18, no. 2 (2010). google scholar
  • Al-Nawawi, Muhyee Al-Din Abu Zakariyya Yahya ibn Sharaf. Minhaj al-Talibeen, Engl. Trans., E.C Howard, Law Publishing Company, Lahore, Pakistan, n.d, 391. google scholar
  • Al-Siba’i, Mustafa and Al-Sobouni, ‘Abd al-Rahman. Al-Ahwal Al Sakhsiyyah Fi Al-Ahliyya Wal-Wassiyyah wal-Tarakat. 5th edn. Damascus: Al-Mattba’ah Al-Jadidah, 1978, 40. google scholar
  • Brand, Jennie E., Ravaris Moore, Xi Song, and Yu Xie. “Why Does Parental Divorce Lower Children’s Educational Attainment?” A Causal Mediation Analysis.” Sociological Science 6 (2019): 264-92. https://doi.org/10.15195/v6.a11. google scholar
  • Che Pa, H, N H Nor Muhammad, and S Mustar. “Bidang Kuasa Eksklusif Mahkamah Syariah Selepas Pindaan Perkara 121 (1A) Perlembagaan Persekutuan: Satu Penilaian.” Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 2016. google scholar
  • Dahlan, Rosli, and Fawza Sabila Faudzi. “The Syariah Court: Its Position Under The Malaysian Legal System.” Shariah Reports 1 (2015): cci-ccxvi. google scholar
  • Dal, Eyüp Ensar. “The Social Construction of Childhood in the Ottoman Society: A Socio-Legal Analysis of Childcare in Early Eighteenth-Century Üsküdar.” Middle East Technical University, 2021. google scholar
  • Hak, Nora Abdul. “Islamic Arbitration (Tahkim) and Mediation in Resolving Family Disputes: A Comparative Study under Malaysian and English Law.” Glasgow Caledonian University, 2002. google scholar
  • Hamat, Mahyidin Bin, Zuliza Kusrin, and Mohamad Nasran Mohamad. “Pelaksanaan Penjagaan Anak (Hadhanah) Di Malaysia.” Al-HIKMAH Journal 6, no. 12 (2016): 169-84. google scholar
  • Hamid, Nor’Adha Abdul, Mohamad Hafifi Hassim, Norazla Ab Wahab, Tuan Nurhafiza Raja Abdul Aziz, Roslinda Ramli, and Siti Noor Ahmad. “Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Via Sulh Processes.” International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 4, no. 17 (2019): 25-33. google scholar
  • Ibrahim, Norliah, Zuhairah Ariff Abd Ghadas, and Murshamsul Kamariah Musa. “‘ Domestic Contracts’ The Effect of Family Contracts; The Malaysian Law Perspectives.” Journal of Management Research 7, no. 2 (2015): 387. google scholar
  • Institute, American Law. Principles of the Law of Family Dissolution: Analysis and Recommendations. Lexis Nexis Matthew Bender, 2002. google scholar
  • “Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia - Visi, Misi, Objektif.” Accessed August 17, 2021. http:// www.jksm.gov.my/index.php/ms/profil-jabatan/pengenalan/visi-misi-objektif. google scholar
  • Kamenecka-Usova, Marina. “Mediation for Resolving Family Disputes.” In SHS Web of Conferences, 30:18. EDP Sciences, 2016. google scholar
  • Karmely, Maritza. “Presumption Law in Action: Why States Should Not Be Sedfuced into Adopting a Joint Custody Presumption.” Notre Dame JL Ethics & Pub. Pol’y 30 (2016): 321. google scholar
  • Lavi, Dafna. “Til Death Do We Part: Online Mediation as an Answer to Divorce Cases Involving Violence.” NCJL and Tech. 16, no. 2 (2015): 253. google scholar
  • Mansor, Ahmad Mukhlis, Nora Abdul Hak, and Roslina Che Soh. “Online Mediation in The Malaysian Shariah Court: Its Benefits and Challenges.” INSLA E-Proceedings 3, no. 1 (2020): 279-88. google scholar
  • Muhammad, Ramizah Wan. “The Administration of Islamic Justice: Position and Jurisdictions of Syariah Courtin Malaysia.” International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science 8, no. 4 (2020): 43-64. google scholar
  • Muhammad, Ramizah Wan. “The Administration of Syariah Courts in Malaysia, 1957-2009.” Journal of Islamic Law and Culture 13, no. 2-3 (2011): 242-52. google scholar
  • Muhammud, Farah Safura, and Aminuddin Ruskam. “A Review of Discrimination Against Women in Shariah Courts.” Sains Humanika 5, no. 3 (2015). google scholar
  • Nasir, Nur Farahiyah Mohd, Zinatul Ashiqin Zainol, and Shamsuddin Suhor. “Mediating Family Disputes Involving Violence in Malaysia.” International Journal of Asian Social Science 8, no. 12 (2018): 1120-29. google scholar
  • Nasohah, Zaini. “Cabaran Penguatkuasaan Dan Pelaksanaan Perintah Nafkah Di Mahkamah Syariah Negeri Selangor Dari Perspektif Peguam Syar’ie.” Jurnal Undang-Undang Dan Masyarakat 13 (2009): 115-28. google scholar
  • Nawi, Nor Fadzlina. “Mandating Mediation in Family Law Conflict in Malaysia: Exploring Judges and Lawyers’ Perspectives.” In IACM 24th Annual Conference Paper, 2011. google scholar
  • Nurah Sabahiah Mohamed. “Mediation in the New Dispute Resolution Landscape; a Case for the Enhancement of Its Application in Malaysia.” University of Malaya, 2013. google scholar
  • O’Brien, R. C. “Child Support and Joint Physical Custody.” Cath. UL Rev. 70 (2021): 229. google scholar
  • Pearson, Jessica. Divorce mediation and domestic violence. Centre for Policy Research, 1997. google scholar
  • Pozo Franco, Patty Elizabeth del, Gisella Karina Arreaga Farias, Laura Marlene Ochoa Escobar, and Alexandra Dolores Molina Manzo. “Method for Recommending Custody to Minors Based on Parental Responsibility Using a Neutrosophic Cognitive Map.” Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 44 (2021): 324-32. google scholar
  • Raihanah Abdullah. “Penangguhan Kes Di Mahkamah Syariah : Penyelesaian Dan Cabaran.” Jurnal Syariah 17, no. 1 (2009): 1-30. google scholar
  • Ramli, Ruzita, Dina Imam Supaat, and Hasnizam Hashim. “Kebiasaan Baharu (New Normal) Dalam Pelaksanaan Sulh Kes Hadhanah Dan Nafkah Anak: Isu Dan Cabaran: The New Normal of Sulh Implementation in Child Custody (Hadhanah) and Child Support (Nafkah): Issues and Challenges.” INSLA E-Proceedings 3, no. 1 (2020): 414-37. google scholar
  • Rossi, Fernanda S, Amy Holtzworth-Munroe, Amy G Applegate, Connie J Beck, Jeannie M Adams, and Darrell F Hale. “Shuttle and Online Mediation: A Review of Available Research and Implications for Separating Couples Reporting Intimate Partner Violence or Abuse.” Family Court Review 55, no. 3 (2017): 390-403. google scholar
  • Sa’odah Ahmad and Nora Abdul Hak. “Family Mediation and Sulh: An Alternative Dispute Resolution in Malaysia.” International Journal of Social Policy and Society 7, no. January (2010): 6679. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Saodah_Ahmad/publication/299336872_FAMILY_ MEDIATION_AND_SULH_AN_ALTERNATIVE_DISPUTE_RESOLUTION_IN_MALAYSIA/ links/56f0fa5308aeedbe3ce45797.pdf. google scholar
  • Saifullah, Ainan Husnaa Muhammad, and Raihanah Abdullah. “A Brief Overview On The Inquisitorial Method In Malaysian Shariah Courts.” Journal of Shariah Law Research 6, no. 1 (2021): 67-88. google scholar
  • Shabanaj, Defrim. “Common Law of Malaysia: A Practical Approach.” E-Journal of Law 2, no. 2 (2017): 42-68. google scholar
  • Siti Noraini Bt Hj. Mohd Ali. “Perlaksanaan Sulh Dan Keberkesanan,” September (2002): 1-17. google scholar
  • Su’aida, Safei. “Mediation as an Alternative Mode of Resolving Family Disputes in Malaysia/Su’aida Safei.” University of Malaya, 2005. google scholar
  • Wahbah Al-Zuhayli. Al-Fiqh Al Islami Wa Adillatuhu. Vol. 4. Damascus: Dar Al-Fikr, 1989, 139. google scholar
  • Weaver, Jennifer M, and Thomas J Schofield. “Mediation and Moderation of Divorce Effects on Children’s Behaviour Problems.” Journal of Family Psychology 29, no. 1 (2015): 39. google scholar
  • Zahraa, M., and Normi A. Malek. “The concept of custody in Islamic law.” Arab Law Quarterly (1998): 157. google scholar
  • Zaki, Mohammad Hafiz Bin Mohd, Mazbah Termizi, and Muhammad Ridhwan Saleh. “MEDIATION v. SULH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY.” In ICDR 2017: Modern Trends in Effective Dispute Resolution, 219, 2017. google scholar

Citations

Copy and paste a formatted citation or use one of the options to export in your chosen format


EXPORT



APA

Mansor, A.M. (2024). Legal Framework and Implementation Of Mediation In Child Custody Disputes At The Syariah Court Of Malaysia. darulfunun ilahiyat, 35(2), 123-147. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2024.35.3.1430075


AMA

Mansor A M. Legal Framework and Implementation Of Mediation In Child Custody Disputes At The Syariah Court Of Malaysia. darulfunun ilahiyat. 2024;35(2):123-147. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2024.35.3.1430075


ABNT

Mansor, A.M. Legal Framework and Implementation Of Mediation In Child Custody Disputes At The Syariah Court Of Malaysia. darulfunun ilahiyat, [Publisher Location], v. 35, n. 2, p. 123-147, 2024.


Chicago: Author-Date Style

Mansor, Ahmad Mukhlis,. 2024. “Legal Framework and Implementation Of Mediation In Child Custody Disputes At The Syariah Court Of Malaysia.” darulfunun ilahiyat 35, no. 2: 123-147. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2024.35.3.1430075


Chicago: Humanities Style

Mansor, Ahmad Mukhlis,. Legal Framework and Implementation Of Mediation In Child Custody Disputes At The Syariah Court Of Malaysia.” darulfunun ilahiyat 35, no. 2 (Mar. 2025): 123-147. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2024.35.3.1430075


Harvard: Australian Style

Mansor, AM 2024, 'Legal Framework and Implementation Of Mediation In Child Custody Disputes At The Syariah Court Of Malaysia', darulfunun ilahiyat, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 123-147, viewed 10 Mar. 2025, https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2024.35.3.1430075


Harvard: Author-Date Style

Mansor, A.M. (2024) ‘Legal Framework and Implementation Of Mediation In Child Custody Disputes At The Syariah Court Of Malaysia’, darulfunun ilahiyat, 35(2), pp. 123-147. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2024.35.3.1430075 (10 Mar. 2025).


MLA

Mansor, Ahmad Mukhlis,. Legal Framework and Implementation Of Mediation In Child Custody Disputes At The Syariah Court Of Malaysia.” darulfunun ilahiyat, vol. 35, no. 2, 2024, pp. 123-147. [Database Container], https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2024.35.3.1430075


Vancouver

Mansor AM. Legal Framework and Implementation Of Mediation In Child Custody Disputes At The Syariah Court Of Malaysia. darulfunun ilahiyat [Internet]. 10 Mar. 2025 [cited 10 Mar. 2025];35(2):123-147. Available from: https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2024.35.3.1430075 doi: 10.26650/di.2024.35.3.1430075


ISNAD

Mansor, AhmadMukhlis. Legal Framework and Implementation Of Mediation In Child Custody Disputes At The Syariah Court Of Malaysia”. darulfunun ilahiyat 35/2 (Mar. 2025): 123-147. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2024.35.3.1430075



TIMELINE


Submitted01.02.2024
Accepted08.09.2024

LICENCE


Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)

This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.


SHARE




Istanbul University Press aims to contribute to the dissemination of ever growing scientific knowledge through publication of high quality scientific journals and books in accordance with the international publishing standards and ethics. Istanbul University Press follows an open access, non-commercial, scholarly publishing.